Energy Metabolism of the Performance Horse. In
... reported that those endurance horses with a greater depletion of muscle glycogen stores and a lower reduction of muscle triglycerides were among the best during a 50 km ride compared to those horses that finished the competition at lower speeds (Table 6). The largest store of triglycerides is the ad ...
... reported that those endurance horses with a greater depletion of muscle glycogen stores and a lower reduction of muscle triglycerides were among the best during a 50 km ride compared to those horses that finished the competition at lower speeds (Table 6). The largest store of triglycerides is the ad ...
Respiration
... •Glucose (C6) splits into two C3 molecules each with a phosphate group. 4 total ATP are produced but two are used to phosphorylate glucose so there is a net gain of 2 ATP. The C3 molecules, pyruvate, enter the mitochondria if O2 is available to continue with aerobic respiration. If no O2 is av ...
... •Glucose (C6) splits into two C3 molecules each with a phosphate group. 4 total ATP are produced but two are used to phosphorylate glucose so there is a net gain of 2 ATP. The C3 molecules, pyruvate, enter the mitochondria if O2 is available to continue with aerobic respiration. If no O2 is av ...
respiration
... • Net Reaction Appears as the Reverse of PS • The individual reactions that occur to achieve the net effect are entirely different ...
... • Net Reaction Appears as the Reverse of PS • The individual reactions that occur to achieve the net effect are entirely different ...
Fatty acids stimulate insulin secretion from human pancreatic
... stearate (18:0), and significantly higher reaching 2 to 2.5fold when exposed to MUFA palmitoleate (16:1) or oleate (18:1). Chain length played no significant role in the effects of fatty acids on insulin secretion. The observations that fatty acids stimulated insulin secretion from human islets in t ...
... stearate (18:0), and significantly higher reaching 2 to 2.5fold when exposed to MUFA palmitoleate (16:1) or oleate (18:1). Chain length played no significant role in the effects of fatty acids on insulin secretion. The observations that fatty acids stimulated insulin secretion from human islets in t ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... The conversion of stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA in eukaryotes is catalyzed by stearoyl-CoA desaturase in a reaction sequence that also involves cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase. Two electrons are passed from NADH through the chain of reactions as shown, and two electrons are also derived from ...
... The conversion of stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA in eukaryotes is catalyzed by stearoyl-CoA desaturase in a reaction sequence that also involves cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase. Two electrons are passed from NADH through the chain of reactions as shown, and two electrons are also derived from ...
Anaerobic Energy Systems
... amount of O2 available. Excess H ions combine with pyruvate to form lactic acid. This point is the lactate threshold (2 mmol per litre of lactic acid above resting levels). The build up in lactate acid is a contributing factor for fatigue. It produces an acidic environment which slows down enzyme ac ...
... amount of O2 available. Excess H ions combine with pyruvate to form lactic acid. This point is the lactate threshold (2 mmol per litre of lactic acid above resting levels). The build up in lactate acid is a contributing factor for fatigue. It produces an acidic environment which slows down enzyme ac ...
Document
... • For each glucose molecule that enters cellular respiration, chemiosmosis produces up to 38 ATP molecules Cytoplasmic fluid ...
... • For each glucose molecule that enters cellular respiration, chemiosmosis produces up to 38 ATP molecules Cytoplasmic fluid ...
Metabolic fuels: regulating fluxes to select mix
... that highly aerobic mammals rely relatively more on intramuscular fuels and relatively less on circulatory fuels than their sedentary counterparts with low aerobic capacity. By definition, animals with a high VO2,max reach higher maximal rates of oxidative fuel supply to their muscle mitochondria. T ...
... that highly aerobic mammals rely relatively more on intramuscular fuels and relatively less on circulatory fuels than their sedentary counterparts with low aerobic capacity. By definition, animals with a high VO2,max reach higher maximal rates of oxidative fuel supply to their muscle mitochondria. T ...
Anaerobic Energy Systems
... amount of O2 available. Excess H ions combine with pyruvate to form lactic acid. This point is the lactate threshold (2 mmol per litre of lactic acid above resting levels). The build up in lactate acid is a contributing factor for fatigue. It produces an acidic environment which slows down enzyme ac ...
... amount of O2 available. Excess H ions combine with pyruvate to form lactic acid. This point is the lactate threshold (2 mmol per litre of lactic acid above resting levels). The build up in lactate acid is a contributing factor for fatigue. It produces an acidic environment which slows down enzyme ac ...
Amino acid catabolism I
... Glutamine: non-toxic carrier 0.5-0.8mM in arterial plasma, 20-25% of circulating free amino acids precursor for synthesis of many nitrogen containing compounds metabolic fuel for rapidly dividing cells generates glutamate and GABA in the brain ...
... Glutamine: non-toxic carrier 0.5-0.8mM in arterial plasma, 20-25% of circulating free amino acids precursor for synthesis of many nitrogen containing compounds metabolic fuel for rapidly dividing cells generates glutamate and GABA in the brain ...
Ch. 8 Review Sheet
... 21. Which part of the diagram represents where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll? A. at I B. at II C. in I and II 22. Arrows 3 and 4 together represent A. oxygen and water B. ATP and NADPH ...
... 21. Which part of the diagram represents where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll? A. at I B. at II C. in I and II 22. Arrows 3 and 4 together represent A. oxygen and water B. ATP and NADPH ...
Amino acid lecture(1) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
... tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alanine is released. Each carbon skeleton of deaminated amino acids follows a unique metabolic pathway to compounds , which can be completely oxidized by way of the citrate cycle to CO2 and water. In spite of this common fate, amino acids are clas ...
... tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alanine is released. Each carbon skeleton of deaminated amino acids follows a unique metabolic pathway to compounds , which can be completely oxidized by way of the citrate cycle to CO2 and water. In spite of this common fate, amino acids are clas ...
MS - Past Papers.org
... water content, of cells / samples / seeds / tissues, varies with, growth / uptake; so that a (valid) comparison can be made / water is an (uncontrolled) variable; ...
... water content, of cells / samples / seeds / tissues, varies with, growth / uptake; so that a (valid) comparison can be made / water is an (uncontrolled) variable; ...
Homework 3 BSC 1005 Fall 2011
... c. amino acids. d. the formation of peptide bonds. 29.Before fats can be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration they must be converted to a. simple sugars. b. fatty acids and glycerol. c. amino acids. d. fatty acids and amino acids. 30.Before an an amino acid can be used in cellular respiration ...
... c. amino acids. d. the formation of peptide bonds. 29.Before fats can be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration they must be converted to a. simple sugars. b. fatty acids and glycerol. c. amino acids. d. fatty acids and amino acids. 30.Before an an amino acid can be used in cellular respiration ...
Respiration Respiration Respiration
... ΔG = -686kcal/mol of glucose ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... ΔG = -686kcal/mol of glucose ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Organic and Bio Chemistry 16
... after enzymatic hydrolysis by salivary or pancreatic amylase; only glucose after complete hydrolysis by strong acids. o Glycogen, like amylopectin, is a highly branched, compact chain of D-glucose. The main storage polysaccharide of animal cells, it is found mostly in liver & muscle & can be hydrol ...
... after enzymatic hydrolysis by salivary or pancreatic amylase; only glucose after complete hydrolysis by strong acids. o Glycogen, like amylopectin, is a highly branched, compact chain of D-glucose. The main storage polysaccharide of animal cells, it is found mostly in liver & muscle & can be hydrol ...
Cellular Respiration
... ETC. If the last protein in the chain holds onto the ethere will be a “traffic jam” and no other e- will flow down the chain. – Result: H+ pumping stops, so H+ gradient disappears and there is no energy to drive the synthesis of ATP. – Oxygen is the final e- acceptor of the ETC, so it keeps the ETC ...
... ETC. If the last protein in the chain holds onto the ethere will be a “traffic jam” and no other e- will flow down the chain. – Result: H+ pumping stops, so H+ gradient disappears and there is no energy to drive the synthesis of ATP. – Oxygen is the final e- acceptor of the ETC, so it keeps the ETC ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 12: Proteolytic cascades and blood clotting
... The extrinsic pathway is induced by a protein called tissue factor, released by damaged tissues, which acts as a binding factor to promote self activation of Factor VII and activation of Factor X by VIIa. Steps after Factor X are similar to the intrinsic pathway. Vitamin K is required for synthesis ...
... The extrinsic pathway is induced by a protein called tissue factor, released by damaged tissues, which acts as a binding factor to promote self activation of Factor VII and activation of Factor X by VIIa. Steps after Factor X are similar to the intrinsic pathway. Vitamin K is required for synthesis ...
How Cells Harvest Energy: Cellular Respiration
... The human body uses energy from ATP for all its activities ...
... The human body uses energy from ATP for all its activities ...
Base Foreign Students 2015
... of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon? A.*Lactate. B.Pyruvate. C.1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. D.3-phosphoglycerate. E. -. 5.After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypoxi This leads to the accumulation of the following metabolite in muscles: A.*Lactate. B.K ...
... of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon? A.*Lactate. B.Pyruvate. C.1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. D.3-phosphoglycerate. E. -. 5.After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypoxi This leads to the accumulation of the following metabolite in muscles: A.*Lactate. B.K ...
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... State the products in glycolysis. 1. Does glycolysis require oxygen? 2. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? Glycolysis animation Activity 12: Look at this animation and answer the following questions: 1. What is the net gain of ATP per glucose? KREB CYCLE (also called the Citric Acid Cycle, the ...
... State the products in glycolysis. 1. Does glycolysis require oxygen? 2. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? Glycolysis animation Activity 12: Look at this animation and answer the following questions: 1. What is the net gain of ATP per glucose? KREB CYCLE (also called the Citric Acid Cycle, the ...
Role of aerobic glycolysis in genetically engineered mouse models of cancer Abstract
... tial for certain tumors to grow and progress. Further, the mitochondrion is a hotbed for many essential biochem ical pathways used by growing cells, such as pyrimidine, amino acid and heme biosynthesis [9]. Thus, although aerobic glycolysis plays an important role in tumori genesis, the role of t ...
... tial for certain tumors to grow and progress. Further, the mitochondrion is a hotbed for many essential biochem ical pathways used by growing cells, such as pyrimidine, amino acid and heme biosynthesis [9]. Thus, although aerobic glycolysis plays an important role in tumori genesis, the role of t ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.