Role of aerobic glycolysis in genetically engineered mouse models of cancer Abstract
... tial for certain tumors to grow and progress. Further, the mitochondrion is a hotbed for many essential biochem ical pathways used by growing cells, such as pyrimidine, amino acid and heme biosynthesis [9]. Thus, although aerobic glycolysis plays an important role in tumori genesis, the role of t ...
... tial for certain tumors to grow and progress. Further, the mitochondrion is a hotbed for many essential biochem ical pathways used by growing cells, such as pyrimidine, amino acid and heme biosynthesis [9]. Thus, although aerobic glycolysis plays an important role in tumori genesis, the role of t ...
Sept14
... Alpha and beta glucose differ only in the direction that -H and -OH groups point on carbon 1 (labelled). Alpha glucose has an -OH group that points "downwards", away from the ring, whereas the -OH on carbon 1 of beta glucose is in line with the ring. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/alphabetaglucose.ht ...
... Alpha and beta glucose differ only in the direction that -H and -OH groups point on carbon 1 (labelled). Alpha glucose has an -OH group that points "downwards", away from the ring, whereas the -OH on carbon 1 of beta glucose is in line with the ring. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/alphabetaglucose.ht ...
Ch. 9 - Crestwood Local Schools
... of a 6C FA yields 20% more ATP than the same glucose Also weighs less than 2/3 as much as glucose, therefore gram for gram, fat has more kilocalories than glucose Let’s see that in motion! ...
... of a 6C FA yields 20% more ATP than the same glucose Also weighs less than 2/3 as much as glucose, therefore gram for gram, fat has more kilocalories than glucose Let’s see that in motion! ...
Starr/Taggart PowerPoint
... Pyruvate is stripped of a carboxyl group which departs as carbon dioxide It also gives up hydrogen and electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH Coenzyme A joins with remaining twocarbon fragment to form acetyl-CoA ...
... Pyruvate is stripped of a carboxyl group which departs as carbon dioxide It also gives up hydrogen and electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH Coenzyme A joins with remaining twocarbon fragment to form acetyl-CoA ...
B-Metabolism of Sulphur containing amino acids
... converted to NO3. -Nitrates (NO, NO2 and NO3) are excreted in urine. - Very low quantity of NO• is expelled through lung. - On exposure to superoxide anion (O•2-), NO• is converted to a highly reactive free radical, peroxy nitrites (OONO•), which causes, lipid peroxidation, cell injury and cell deat ...
... converted to NO3. -Nitrates (NO, NO2 and NO3) are excreted in urine. - Very low quantity of NO• is expelled through lung. - On exposure to superoxide anion (O•2-), NO• is converted to a highly reactive free radical, peroxy nitrites (OONO•), which causes, lipid peroxidation, cell injury and cell deat ...
Biomolecules
... Amino acids are usually colourless, crystalline solids. These are water-soluble, high melting solids and behave like salts rather than simple amines or carboxylic acids. This behaviour is due to the presence of both acidic (carboxyl group) and basic (amino group) groups in the same molecule. In aqu ...
... Amino acids are usually colourless, crystalline solids. These are water-soluble, high melting solids and behave like salts rather than simple amines or carboxylic acids. This behaviour is due to the presence of both acidic (carboxyl group) and basic (amino group) groups in the same molecule. In aqu ...
chapter-6-rev - HCC Learning Web
... Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our muscle cell under anaerobic conditions and __________ by ye ...
... Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our muscle cell under anaerobic conditions and __________ by ye ...
Effects of oxygen on the growth and metabolism of Actinomyces
... glucose c a r b o n over biomass, acidic fermentation p r o d u c t s and c a r b o n dioxide, as depicted in Fig. 2 was correct, 170 # C i of uniformly labelled [14C]glucose were added to a chemostat culture. D u r i n g the experiment the oxygen level in the gas phase was 14.6% and the dry weight ...
... glucose c a r b o n over biomass, acidic fermentation p r o d u c t s and c a r b o n dioxide, as depicted in Fig. 2 was correct, 170 # C i of uniformly labelled [14C]glucose were added to a chemostat culture. D u r i n g the experiment the oxygen level in the gas phase was 14.6% and the dry weight ...
Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery
... containing 1% t-butyldimethylchlorosilane (MtBSTFA ⫹ 1% tBDMCS; Regis Technologies, Morton Grove, IL). The derivatized samples were then analyzed with GC-MS (HewlettPackard 5890a GC and 5970 MS, San Fernando, CA) for plasma leucine and KIC enrichments. For determination of [2H5]glycerol enrichment, ...
... containing 1% t-butyldimethylchlorosilane (MtBSTFA ⫹ 1% tBDMCS; Regis Technologies, Morton Grove, IL). The derivatized samples were then analyzed with GC-MS (HewlettPackard 5890a GC and 5970 MS, San Fernando, CA) for plasma leucine and KIC enrichments. For determination of [2H5]glycerol enrichment, ...
CHAPTER 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The
... Saturated = carbon skeleton is saturated with hydrogen atoms, NO double bonds so there is a very close association among lipid molecules. This is why saturated fats are solid at room temperature Unsaturated = carbon skeleton is NOT saturated with hydrogen atoms; double bonds are present in these mol ...
... Saturated = carbon skeleton is saturated with hydrogen atoms, NO double bonds so there is a very close association among lipid molecules. This is why saturated fats are solid at room temperature Unsaturated = carbon skeleton is NOT saturated with hydrogen atoms; double bonds are present in these mol ...
... hepatocyte metabolism, being the primary site for the oxidation of fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation. A mitochondrion contains inner and outer membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The outer mitochondrial membrane contains numerous integral proteins called porins, which c ...
File - Wk 1-2
... receptors. Because there are more LDL receptors, more cholesterol will be taken up by the cells and therefore there will be less plasma cholesterol. End result: reduction in endogenous production of cholesterol and a reduction in plasma LDL. Thus decreasing the progression of atherosclerosis and the ...
... receptors. Because there are more LDL receptors, more cholesterol will be taken up by the cells and therefore there will be less plasma cholesterol. End result: reduction in endogenous production of cholesterol and a reduction in plasma LDL. Thus decreasing the progression of atherosclerosis and the ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids) Six primary metabolite groups (amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA) Seven small biomolecules (NH4+, CO2, NADH, FADH2, O2, ATP, H2O) ...
... nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids) Six primary metabolite groups (amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA) Seven small biomolecules (NH4+, CO2, NADH, FADH2, O2, ATP, H2O) ...
Acid-Base Balance
... Proper physiological functioning depends on a very tight balance between the concentrations of acids and bases in the blood. Acid-balance balance is measured using the pH scale, as shown in Figure 1 (The pH Scale ). A variety of buering systems permits blood and other bodily uids to maintain a nar ...
... Proper physiological functioning depends on a very tight balance between the concentrations of acids and bases in the blood. Acid-balance balance is measured using the pH scale, as shown in Figure 1 (The pH Scale ). A variety of buering systems permits blood and other bodily uids to maintain a nar ...
Coenzyme A and Acyl Carrier Protein
... many proteins in the pathway have been determined. Although there are substantial sequence differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, coenzyme A is assembled in five steps from pantothenic acid in essentially the same way in both groups. However, pantothenic acid per se can only be synthesised ...
... many proteins in the pathway have been determined. Although there are substantial sequence differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, coenzyme A is assembled in five steps from pantothenic acid in essentially the same way in both groups. However, pantothenic acid per se can only be synthesised ...
Fatty Acid Oxid
... Peroxisomes also contain enzymes for an essential -oxidation pathway that degrades fatty acids having methyl branches, such as phytanic acid, a breakdown product of chlorophyll. ...
... Peroxisomes also contain enzymes for an essential -oxidation pathway that degrades fatty acids having methyl branches, such as phytanic acid, a breakdown product of chlorophyll. ...
Chapter 5 Endocrine Regulation of Glucose - Rose
... energy. The muscle normally maintains significant amounts of stored glycogen, small amounts of fatty acids, and contains a large pool of protein that can be broken down in emergencies. The resting muscle uses fatty acids as its primary energy source; however, glucose (from its own glycogen stores an ...
... energy. The muscle normally maintains significant amounts of stored glycogen, small amounts of fatty acids, and contains a large pool of protein that can be broken down in emergencies. The resting muscle uses fatty acids as its primary energy source; however, glucose (from its own glycogen stores an ...
Glycolysis - Rose
... Under aerobic conditions, the reaction is slightly different: Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + 2 NAD Æ 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + H 2O The pyruvate and NADH can be used to generate large amounts of additional energy via the TCA cycle and the oxygen-requiring pathway of oxidative phosphorylation. T ...
... Under aerobic conditions, the reaction is slightly different: Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + 2 NAD Æ 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + H 2O The pyruvate and NADH can be used to generate large amounts of additional energy via the TCA cycle and the oxygen-requiring pathway of oxidative phosphorylation. T ...
Using Customized Nutrition to Treat
... • Between 1980 and 1995, a report from the Environmental Protection Agency says, the percentage of children with asthma doubled, from 3.6 percent in 1980 to 7.5 percent in 1995. The percentage dropped in 1996 to about 6 percent, but by 2001 it had risen again, this time to 8.7 percent: 6.3 million c ...
... • Between 1980 and 1995, a report from the Environmental Protection Agency says, the percentage of children with asthma doubled, from 3.6 percent in 1980 to 7.5 percent in 1995. The percentage dropped in 1996 to about 6 percent, but by 2001 it had risen again, this time to 8.7 percent: 6.3 million c ...
U4L26 Nitrogen - The University of Sydney
... • Non-toxic – Can be present in blood at mM levels – Cleared by kidneys ...
... • Non-toxic – Can be present in blood at mM levels – Cleared by kidneys ...
Chapter 7: PowerPoint
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
ch9sec1n2_2013
... For exercise longer than 90 seconds Cellular respiration _____________________ is the only way to make enough ATP. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation. _____________ Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race. ...
... For exercise longer than 90 seconds Cellular respiration _____________________ is the only way to make enough ATP. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation. _____________ Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race. ...
Unit 1.1 Building Blocks of Life The student knows the significance of
... The student knows the significance of various molecules involved in metabolic processes and energy conversions that occur in living organisms. The student is expected to: ...
... The student knows the significance of various molecules involved in metabolic processes and energy conversions that occur in living organisms. The student is expected to: ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.