Download Tips and Strategies

AP Physics Review Packet
due BEFORE the AP Exam
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What two entities comprise a vector?
What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?
How are velocity and speed different?
What is the slope of the distance time graph?
What is acceleration?
What is the area under the velocity time graph?
What is the slope of the velocity time graph?
What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?
What is the area under the acceleration time graph?
What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?
What dimension controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?
When two objects are launched horizontally
What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls t seconds after it started moving?
What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?
What equation describes the speed of a dropped object t seconds after it started moving?
What equation describes the speed in the x direction of a projectile t seconds after it started moving?
What equation describes the speed in the y direction of a projectile t seconds after it started moving?
A projectile follows the path in Fig. 1.
C
At what points does it have the same speed?
B
D
A projectile follows the path in Fig. 1.
At what point is its horizontal speed the greatest?
Fig 1
A
E
A projectile follows the path in Fig. 1.
What is the direction of acceleration at points A, B, C, D, and E? (Zero, up, down, right, left?)
A projectile follows the path in Fig. 1. What is the direction of the vertical speed at point C?
What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?
What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?
When is sum of force (net force) zero, and when is it non-zero?
What force is always present, and what is its equation?
How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a FBD?
When is a normal force present, what is its direction?
What is the component of Fg down a slope?
What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?
In circular motion, how is tangential velocity calculated?
What is centripetal acceleration and force?
What is the direction of acceleration of the object, in Fig. 2,
A
C
at points A, B, C? (Zero, up, down, right, left?)
What is the direction of velocity of the object, in Fig. 2,
at points A, B, C? (Zero, up, down, right, left?)
How is Fc represented in a FBD?
B
Fig 2
Mathematically what does Fc represent and how is Fc calculated?
Which vectors are positive and negative in circular motion?
What are some possibilities that can create Fc?
What is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?
If you double the mass of one planet, triple the mass of another, and move them twice as far apart, what happens to
the force of attraction between them?
What is the derived equation for the acceleration of gravity in terms of m and r2 ?
How can total momentum be calculated?
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
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What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.
What is impulse, and how does it relate to both momentum and force?
What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?
Work is the area under which curve?
What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?
What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?
What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?
What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates, or the problem
states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?
What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?
What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?
What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?
What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done, or that energy is used?
In a pendulum or spring, what are the displacement, velocity, Us and K at the equilibrium position?
In a pendulum or spring, what are the displacement, velocity, Us, and K at maximum displacement?
What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?
What is temperature?
What is internal energy?
What is heat?
What is meant by the terms system and environment?
What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?
What is latent heat, and why does the temperature stay the same when state changes occur?
What is specific heat capacity?
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
What is an isothermal process, and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
What is an adiabatic process, and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?
What is the area under any pV curve?
Under what conditions is work positive and negative?
Under what conditions is heat positive and negative?
What is the net work done by an entire process?
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Describe the relationship between QH, Qc, and W in a heat engine?
What is the difference between a heat engine and a refrigerator?
How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?
Under what conditions does entropy increase?
What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?
In electricity, what takes the place of m and g?
If you have two charges, and you double one charge and triple the other, and move them twice as far apart, what
happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?
What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r2 ?
What is the difference between q and Q?
What do the terms: potential difference, electric potential, potential energy, and electric potential energy mean?
What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?
Why is the potential energy of a capacitor half of the electric energy in the preceding problem
What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
What forces charges to move?
What indicates the ease with which charges can be moved?
What do batteries and generators produce?
What is the actual movement of charges, and how is it measured?
What causes resistance, and how does a wires composition, length, thickness, and temperature effect resistance?
What are the relationships between voltage, current, resistance, and power?
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
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What stays the same in a series circuit, and what adds?
What stays the same in a parallel circuit and what adds?
What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field, and how is the force on the creating the path calculated?
What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?
What is the force on a current carrying wire?
What is electromagnetic induction?
What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?
What is the difference between emf and voltage? State the relevant equation.
How does the right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?
What is the difference between a motor and a generator?
What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves? Give examples of each type.
What is the relationship between speed, frequency, and wavelength?
What is the relationship between energy, frequency, and wavelength in any wave?
How are wavelength and amplitude measured on a sinusoidal wave?
What are the wavelengths for strings, open tubes, and closed tubes?
What cause an electromagnetic wave, and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the order of the color composing visible light?
What is the difference between reflection, refraction, and diffraction?
What is the law of reflection?
What is Snell’s Law?
What is Fermat’s Principle?
What happens at the critical angle?
When light goes from a less to a more dense medium what changes and how does it change?
What doesn’t change (speed, frequency, or wavelength), when light moves from one medium to another?
What conditions are necessary to change the reflected rays phase by 180 o?
What shapes are converging in lenses and in mirrors?
What shapes are converging in lenses and in mirrors?
What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?
What are the three rules needed for mirrors, since not all three work every time?
What do you do if your forward ray traces are diverging?
When are f, so, si, ho, hi, and M positive.
When are f, so, si, ho, hi, and M negative.
What is the difference between a real and virtual image, and how is each formed?
What is Huygen’s Principle?
Describe Young’s experiment and state its significance.
What does the pattern look like in a Young Double Slit diffraction pattern?
What does the pattern look like in a single slit diffraction pattern?
What was Thompson’s discovery? Describe the apparatus and experiment.
What was Milikan’s discovery? Describe the apparatus and experiment.
What was Rutherford’s discovery? Describe the apparatus and experiment.
What is the Bohr Model of the atom?
What is the photon energy equation?
What is mass energy equivalence?
What does light absorption involve?
What does light emission involve?
What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?
What is the photoelectric effect?
What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?
How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
What is an isotope?
What are binding energy, total binding energy, and average binding energy?
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
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What is the strong force?
What causes radioactivity?
What is transmutation?
What are the three types of radiation? Describe each including its composition and origin.
What is half-life, and how does 512 g of a radioactive substance change thru 10 half lives?
What is the difference between fission and fusion?
How hard will you study for the AP Exam?
What will your score be on the test?
Are you in control or just along for the ride?
What if?
x  vo xt vo x  vx  vo
A mass is spun vertically on a string:
Fc  FT top  Fg
An object moves horizontal, on a flat surface:
Fc  force causing circular motion
A mass is spun horizontally on a string, and it is hanging down:
FT  Fc  Fg
You see a height difference:
mghtop 
The term energy or work (units J) are used with time (units s):
P
Kinetic Energy is lost:
Klost  Kinitial  K final
Kinetic Energy lost turns into heat:
Klost  mcT
The process is isothermal (slow), so temperature is not changed:
U  O U  Q  W
The process is adiabatic (fast), so heat is not added:
Q  O U  Q  W
You see a charge particle moving perpendicular to two charged plates:
qVstart 
1 2
mv end
2
A charged particle is accelerated by an electric field:
qVstart 
1 2
mv end
2
A charged particle enters a magnetic field:
m
2
2
y
1 2
gt
2
A projectile is launched horizontally:
Fc  FT bottom  Fg
2
1 2
mv bottom
2
W
t
W Q
W  U
v2
 qvB
r
Tips and Strategies

Try energy first. Energy is directionless and has the advantageous of working throughout all five major subject areas.
It is the universal thread tying it all together. You must be flexible and adaptable here.

Try force second. If an object is not moving in one or more dimensions then force may be the answer. What are the forces acting on the object
and in what direction are they acting. Are they canceling or resulting in acceleration?
If you see a vector at an angle, split it into the x and y directions. Analyze each direction independently.
What is the object doing in the relevant direction?
Is it standing still or does it have constant velocity, then
F  0
There must be equal & opposite forces in the
direction (horizontal or vertical) that you are analyzing.
Is it accelerating, then

 F  ma
So the forces in the direction (horizontal or vertical) that you are analyzing are
out of balance.
Last try kinematics.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
AP PHYSICS B
Section I
Time 90 minutes
70 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select
the one that is best in each case. Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s 2 in all problems.
1. For which of the following motions of an object must
the acceleration always be zero?
I.
II.
III.
Any motion in a straight line
Simple harmonic motion
Any motion in a circle
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
II only
III that
Either I or III. but not II
None of these motions guarantees zero
acceleration.
2. A rope of negligible mass supports a block that weighs 30
N, as shown above. The breaking strength of the rope is 50 N.
The largest acceleration that can be given to the block by
pulling up on it with the rope without breaking the rope is
most nearly
(A)
6 m/s2
(B)
6.7 m/s2
(C)
10 m/s2
(D)
15 m/s2
(E)
16.7 m/s2
3. A compressed spring mounted on a disk can project a
small ball. When the disk is not rotating as shown in the view
above, the ball moves radically outward. The disk then rotates
in a counterclockwise direction as seen from above. and the
ball is projected outward at the instant the disk is in the
position shown above.
Which of the following best shows the subsequent path of the
ball relative to the ground?
4. A ball is thrown straight up in the air. When the ball
reaches its highest point, which of the following is true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
It is in equilibrium.
It has zero acceleration
It has maximum momentum.
It has maximum kinetic energy.
None of the above
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
7. If both spheres have the same period of oscillation, which
of the following is an expression for the spring constant?
5. The figure shows an object of mass 0.4 kg that is
suspended from a scale and submerged in a liquid. If the
reading on the scale is 3 N, then the buoyant force that the
fluid exerts on the object is most nearly
(A)
1.3 N
(B)
1.0 N
(C)
0.75 N
(D)
0.33 N
(E)
0.25 N
Questions 6-7
8. A block attached to the lower end of a vertical spring
oscillates up and down. If the spring obeys Hooke’s law, the
period of oscillation depends on which of the following?
I.
II.
III
Mass of the block
Amplitude of the oscillation
Force constant of the spring
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
A sphere of mass m1, which is
attached to a spring, is displaced downward from its
equilibrium position as shown above left and released from
rest. A sphere of mass m2, which is suspended from a string of
length l, is displaced to the right as shown above right and
released from rest so that it swings as a simple pendulum with
small amplitude. Assume that both spheres undergo simple
harmonic motion.
6. Which of the following is true for both spheres?
(A) The maximum kinetic energy is attained as the
sphere passes through its equilibrium position.
(B) The maximum kinetic energy is attained as the
sphere reaches its point of release.
(C) The minimum gravitational potential energy is
attained as the sphere passes through its
equilibrium position.
(D) The maximum gravitational potential energy is
attained when the sphere reaches its point of
release.
(E) The maximum total energy is attained only as the
sphere passes through its equilibrium position.
_____________________________________________
I only
II only
III only
I and II
I and III
9. An empty sled of mass M moves without friction across a
frozen pond at speed vo. Two objects are dropped vertically
into the sled one at a time: first an object of mass m and then
an object of mass 2m. Afterward the sled moves with speed v1.
What would be the final speed of the sled if the objects were
dropped into it in reverse order?
(A)
vf / 3
(B)
vf / 2
(C)
vf
(D)
2 vf
(E)
3 vf
10. A new planet is discovered that has twice the Earth’s
mass and twice the Earth's radius. On the surface of this new
planet, a person who weighs 500 N on Earth would experience
a gravitational force of
(A)
l25 N
(B)
250 N
(C)
500 N
(D)
1000 N
(E)
2000 N
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
15. The hollow metal sphere shown above is positively
charged. Point C is the center of the sphere and point P is any
other point within the sphere. Which of the following is true of
the electric field at these points?
11. The graph above represents position x versus time t for an
object being acted on by a constant force. The average speed
during the interval between 1 s and 2 s is most nearly
(A)
2 m/s
(B)
4 m/s
(C)
5 m/s
(D)
6 m/s
(E)
8 m/s
12. Two blocks of steel, the first of mass 1 kg and the second
of mass 2 kg are in thermal equilibrium with a third block of
aluminum of mass 2 kg that has a temperature of 400 K, What
are the respective temperatures of the first and second steel
blocks?
(A)
400 K and 200 K
(B)
200K and 400K
(C)
400 K and 400 K
(D)
800 K and 400 K
(E)
None of the above
13. An ideal gas may be taken from one state to another state
with a different pressure, volume and temperature along
several different paths. Quantities that will always be the same
for this process, regardless of which path is taken. include
which of the following?
I.
The change in internal energy of the gas
II.
The heat exchanged between the gas and its
surroundings
III.
The work done by the gas
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III
14. Two parallel wires, each carrying a current I, repel each
other with a force F. If both currents are doubled, the force of
repulsion is
(A)
2F
(B)
2 √F
(C)
4F
(D)
4 √F
(E)
8F
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
It is zero at both points.
It is zero at C but at P it is not zero and is
directed inward.
It is zero at C but at P it is not zero and is
directed outward.
It is zero at P but at C it is not zero.
It is not zero at either point.
16. The total capacitance of several capacitors in parallel is
the sum of the individual capacitances for which of the
following reasons?
(A)
The charge on each capacitor depends on its
capacitance, but the potential difference across
each
is the same.
(B)
The charge is the same on each capacitor, but the
potential difference across each capacitor depends
on
its capacitance.
(C)
Equivalent capacitance is always greater than the
largest capacitance.
(D)
Capacitors in a circuit always combine like
resistors
in series.
(E)
The parallel combination increases the effective
separation of the plates.
17. A wire of length L and radius r has a resistance R. What
is the resistance of a second wire made from the same material
that has a length L/2 and a radius r/2?
(A)
4R
(B)
2R
(C)
R
(D)
R/2
(E)
R/4
18. The operating efficiency of a 0.5 A 120 V electric motor
that lifts a 9 kg mass against gravity at an average velocity of
0.5 m/s is most nearly
(A)
7%
(B)
13 %
(C)
25 %
(D)
53 %
(E)
75 %
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
Questions 19-20
Charges -Q and +Q
and y- axes,
a distance d from the
the left.
are located on the xrespectively, each at
origin 0, as shown to
23. Which of the following will occur if the average speed of
the gas molecules in a closed rigid container is increased?
(A)
The density of the gas will decrease.
(B)
The density of the gas will increase.
(C)
The pressure of the gas will increase.
(D)
The pressure of the gas will decrease.
(E)
The temperature of the gas will decrease
19. What is the direction of the electric field at the origin 0?
20. What is the magnitude of the electric field at the origin 0?
24. The spherical mirror shown above has a center of
curvature at point c. Which point is nearest to the focal point?
(A)
a
(B)
b
(C)
c
(D)
d
(E)
e
25. The frequencies of the first two overtones (second and
third harmonics) of a vibrating string are f and 3f /2. What is
the fundamental frequency of this string?
(A)
f /3
(B)
f /2
(C)
f
(D)
2f
(E)
3f
21. An electron e and a proton p are simultaneously released
from rest in a uniform electric field E, as shown above.
Assume that the particles are sufficiently far apart so that the
only force acting on each particle after it is released is that due
to the electric field. At a later time when the particles are still
in the field, the electron and the proton will have the same
(A)
direction of motion
(B)
speed
(C)
displacement
(D)
magnitude of acceleration
(E)
magnitude of force acting on them
22. A square steel plate with sides of length 1.00 m has a
hole in its center 0.100 m in diameter. If the entire plate is
heated to such a temperature that its sides become 1.01 m
long, the diameter of the hole will be
(A)
0,090 m
(B)
0.099 m (C)
0.100 m
(D)
0.101 m (E)
0.110 m
26. An object is placed in front of a converging thin lens at a
distance from the center of the lens equal to half the focal
length. Compared to the object, the image is
(A)
upright and larger
(B)
upright and smaller
(C)
inverted and larger
(D)
inverted and smaller
(E)
inverted and the same size
27. A radio station broadcasts on a carrier frequency of 100
MHz. The wavelength of this radio wave is most nearly
(A)
3.0 x lO-3 m
(B)
1.0 m
(C)
3.0 m
(D)
3.3 m
(E)
3.0 x lO6 m
28. Which of the following is characteristic of both sound
and light waves?
(A)
They are longitudinal waves.
(B)
They are transverse waves
(C)
They travel with the same velocity.
(D)
They can be easily polarized.
(E)
They give rise to interference effects.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
Questions29-30
Questions 34-35 relate to the photoelectric effect.
For each quest1on, choose an answer from the
following graphs.
A student obtains data on the magnitude of force applied to
an object as a function of time and displays the data on the
graph above.
29. The slope of the “best fit” straight line is most nearly
(A)
3 N/s
(D)
8 N/s
(B)
6 N/s
(E)
10 N/s
(C)
7 N/s
30. The increase in the momentum of the object between t =
0 s and t = 4 s is most nearly
(A)
40 N.s
(B)
50 N.s
(C)
60 N.s
(D)
80 N.s
(E)
100 N.s
________________________________________________
31. How does an air mattress protect a stunt person landing
on the ground after a stunt?
(A)
It reduces the kinetic energy loss of the stunt
person.
(B)
It reduces the momentum change of the stunt
person.
(C)
It increases the momentum change of the stunt
person
(D)
It shortens the stopping time of the stunt person
and
increases the force applied during the landing.
(E)
1t lengthens the stopping time of the stunt person
and
reduces the force applied during the landing
34. Which graph shows the maximum kinetic energy of the
emitted electrons versus the frequency of the light?
(A)
A
(B)
B
(C)
C
(D)
D
(E)
E
35. Which graph shows the total photoelectric current versus
the intensity of the light for a fixed frequency above the cutoff
frequency?
(A)
A
(B)
B
(C)
C
(D)
D
(E)
E
______________________________________________
36. Which of the following statements about the number of
protons Z and the number of neutrons N in stable nuclei is
true?
(A)
All stable nuclei have Z = N.
(B)
Only heavy stable nuclei have Z = N.
(C)
Heavy stable nuclei tend to have Z <N.
(D)
All light stable nuclei have Z < N.
(E)
All light stable nuclei have Z > N.
Questions 32-33
A horizontal uniform board of weight 125 N and length 4 m is
supported by vertical chains at each end. A person weighing
500 N is sitting on the board. The tension in the right chain is
250 N.
32. What is the tension in the left chain?
(A)
250 N
(B)
375 N
(C)
500 N
(D)
625 N
(E)
875 N
33. How far from the left end of the board is the person
sitting?
(A)
0.4 m
(B)
1.5 m
(C)
2m
(D)
2.5 m
(E)
3m
37. Each of the beakers shown above is filled to the same
depth h with liquid of density p. The area A of the flat bottom
is the same for each beaker. Which of the following ranks the
beakers according to the net downward force exerted by the
liquid on the flat bottom, from greatest to least force?
(A)
I, III, II, IV
(B)
I, IV, III, II
(C)
II, III, IV, I
(D)
IV, III, I, II
(E)
None of the above; the force on each is the
same.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
38. A T-shaped tube with a constriction is inserted in a vessel
containing a liquid, as shown above. What happens if air is
blown through the tube from the left, as shown by the arrow in
the diagram?
(A)
The liquid level in the tube rises to a level above
the
surface of the liquid surrounding the tube.
(B)
The liquid level in the tube falls below the level of
the
surrounding liquid.
(C)
The liquid level in the tube remains where it is.
(D)
The air bubbles out at the bottom of the tube.
(E)
Any of the above depending on how hard the air
flows.
39. A spring scale calibrated in kilograms is used to
determine the density of a rock specimen. The reading on the
spring scale is 0.45 kg when the specimen is suspended in air
and 0.36 kg when the specimen is fully submerged in water. If
the density of water is 1000 kg/m3, the density of the rock
specimen is
(A)
2.0
x 102 kg/m3
(B)
8.0
x 102 kg/m3
(C)
1.25
x 103 kg/m3
(D)
4.0
x 103 kg/m3
(E)
5.0
x 103 kg/m3
40. Two objects, A and B, initially at rest, are "exploded"
apart by the release of a coiled spring that was compressed
between them. As they move apart, the velocity of object A is
5 m/s and the velocity of object B is -2 m/s. The ratio of the
mass of object A to the mass object B, mA/mB, is
(A)
4/25
(B)
2/5
(C)
1/1
(D)
5/2
(E)
25/4
42. A child has a toy tied to the end of a string and whirls the
toy at constant speed in a horizontal circular path of radius R.
The toy completes each revolution of its motion in a time
period T. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the
toy?
(A)
Zero
(B)
4π2R / T2
(C)
πR / T2
(D)
g
(E)
2πg
43. A simple pendulum and a mass hanging on a spring both
have a period of 1 second when set into small oscillatory
motion on Earth. They are taken to Planet X, which has the
same diameter as Earth but twice the mass. Which of the
following statements is true about the periods of the two
objects on Planet X compared to their periods on earth?
(A)
Both are shorter.
(B)
Both are the same.
(C)
Both are longer.
(D)
The period of the mass on the spring is shorter;
that
of the pendulum is the same.
(E)
The period of the pendulum is shorter; that of the
mass on the spring is the same.
44. A steel ball supported by a stick rotates in a circle of
radius r, shown above. The direction of the net force acting on
the ball when it is in the position shown is indicated by which
of the following
41. The cart of mass 10 kg shown above moves without
frictional loss on a level table. A 10 N force pulls on the cart
horizontally to the right. At the same time, a 30 N force at an
angle of 600 above the horizontal pulls on the cart to the left.
What is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of the
cart?
(A)
0.5 m/s2
(B)
1.6 m/s2
(C)
2.0 m/s2
(D)
2.5 m/s2
(E)
2.6 m/s2
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
Questions 45-46
49. How do the currents I1, I2, and I3 compare?
(A) I1 > I2 > I3
(B) I1 > I3 > I2
(C) I2 > I1 > I3
(D) I3 > I1 > I2
(E) I3 > I2 > I1
Two large, flat, parallel conducting plates are 0.04 m apart,
as shown above. The lower plate is at a potential of 2 V with
respect to ground. The upper plate is at a potential of 10 V
with respect to ground. Point P is located 0.01 m above the
lower plate
45. The electric potential at point P is
(A)
10 V
(D)
4V
(B)
8V
(E)
2V
(C)
6V
Questions 50 -51
46. The magnitude of the electric field at point P is
(A)
800 V/m(B)
600 V/m
(C)
400 V/m(D)
200 V/m
(E)
100 V/m
A light ray R in medium I strikes a sphere of medium II with
angle of incidence  as shown above. The figure shows five
possible subsequent paths for the light ray.
47. Two conducting wire loops move near a very long,
straight conducting wire that carries a current I. When the
loops are in the positions shown above, they are moving in the
directions shown with the same constant speed v. Assume that
the loops are far enough apart that they do not affect each
other. Which of the following is true about the induced electric
currents, if any, in the loops?
Loop 1
Loop 2
(A) No current
No current
(B) No current
Counterclockwise
direction
(C) Clockwise direction
No current
(D) Clockwise direction
Clockwise
direction
(E) Counterclockwise direction Clockwise direction
Questions 48-49 relate to the following circuit diagram
50. Which path is possible if medium I is air and medium II
is glass?
(A)
A
(B)
B
(C)
C
(D)
D
(E)
E
51. Which path is possible if medium I is glass and medium II
is air?
(A)
A
(B)
B
(C)
C
(D)
D
(E)
E
52. Two fire trucks have sirens that emit waves of the same
frequency. As the fire trucks approach a person the person
hears a higher frequency from truck X than from truck Y.
Which of the following statements about truck X can be
correctly inferred from this information?
I.
II.
III.
48. What is the current I1?
(A)
0.8 mA (B)
(C)
2.0 mA (D)
(E)
6.0 mA
It is traveling faster than truck Y.
It is closer to the person than truck Y.
Ii is speeding up, and truck Y is slowing down.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
1.0 mA
3.0 mA
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
53. A thin film with index of refraction nf separates two
materials, each of which has an index of refraction less than nf
. A monochromatic beam of light is incident normally on the
film, as shown above. If the light has wavelength λ within the
film, maximum constructive interference between the incident
beam and the reflected beam occurs for which of the following
film thicknesses?
(A)
3λ
(B)
2λ
(C)
λ
(D)
λ/2
(E)
λ/4
54. An object is placed on the axis of a converging thin lens
of focal length 2 cm, at a distance of 8 cm from the lens. The
distance between the image and the lens is most nearly
(A)
0.4 cm
(B)
0.8 cm
(C)
1.6 cm
(D)
2.0 cm
(E)
2.7 cm
55. A large lens is used to focus an image of an object onto a
screen. If the left half of the lens is covered with a dark card,
which of the following occurs?
(A)
The left half of the image disappears.
(B)
The right half of the image disappears.
(C)
The image becomes blurred.
(D)
The image becomes dimmer.
(E)
No image is formed.
57. A gas with a fixed number of molecules does 32 J of
work on its surroundings and 16 J of heat are transferred from
the gas to the surroundings. What happens to the internal
energy of the gas?
(A)
It decreases by 48 J.
(B)
It decreases by 16 J.
(C)
It remains the same.
(D)
It increases by 16 J.
(E)
It increases by 48 J.
58. When 10B is bombarded by neutrons, a neutron can be
absorbed and an alpha particle (4He) emitted, If the 10B target
is stationary, the kinetic energy of the reaction products is
equal to the
(A)
kinetic energy of the incident neutron
(B)
total energy of the incident neutron
(C)
energy equivalent of the mass decrease in the
reaction
(D)
energy equivalent of the mass decrease in the
reaction,
minus the kinetic energy of the incident
neutron
(E)
energy equivalent of the mass decrease in the
reaction,
plus the kinetic energy of the incident
neutron
59. The nuclide 21482Pb emits an electron and becomes
nuclide X. Which of the following gives the mass number and
atomic number of nuclide X?
Mass
Atomic
Number
Number
(A)
210
80
(B)
210
81
(C)
213
83
(D)
214
81
(E)
214
83
60. A 50,000 W radio station transmits waves of wavelength
4 m. Which of the following is the best estimate of the number
of photons it emits per second?
(A)
10 8
(B)
10 22
(C)
10 30
(D)
10 40
(E)
10 56
56. In time t, an amount of heat Q flows through the solid
door of area A and thickness d represented above. The
temperatures on each side of the door are T2 and T1
respectively.
Which of the following changes would be certain to decrease
Q?
(A)
Increasing A only
(B)
Decreasing d only
(C)
Increasing d and T2 - T1 only
(D)
Decreasing A and T2 - T1 only
(E)
Increasing d,. A, and T2 - T1
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
Questions 61-62
An object of mass m is initially at rest and free to
move without friction in any direction in the xy-plane. A
constant net force of magnitude F directed in the +x direction
acts on the object for 1 s. Immediately thereafter a constant net
force of the same magnitude F directed in the +y direction acts
on the object for 1 s. After this, no forces act on the object.
61. Which of the following vectors could represent the
velocity of the object at the end of 3 s, assuming the scales on
the x and y axes are equal?
62. Which of the following graphs best represents the kinetic
energy K of the object as a function of time?
63. The two blocks of masses M and 2M shown above
initially travel at the same speed v but in opposite directions.
They collide and stick together. How much mechanical energy
is lost to other forms of energy during the collision?
(A)
Zero
(B)
1/2 Mv2
(C)
3/4 Mv2
(D)
4/3 Mv2
(E)
3/2 Mv2
64. A wire loop is rotated in a uniform magnetic field about
an axis perpendicular to the field, as shown above. How many
times is the induced current in the loop reversed if the loop
makes 3 complete revolutions from the position shown?
(A)
One
(D)
Six
(B)
Two
(E)
Twelve
(C)
Three
65. A particle of charge Q and mass m is accelerated from
rest through a potential difference V. attaining a kinetic energy
K. What is the kinetic energy of a particle of charge 2Q and
mass m/2 that is accelerated from rest through the same
potential difference?
(A)
K/4
(B)
K/2
(C)
K
(D)
2K
(E)
4K
66. The diagram above shows electric field lines in an
isolated region of space containing two small charged spheres
Y and Z. Which of the following statements is true?
(A)
The charge on Y is negative and the charge on Z is
positive.
(B)
The strength of the electric field is the same
everywhere.
(C)
The electric field is strongest midway between Y
and
Z.
(D)
A small negatively charged object placed at point
X
would tend to move toward the right.
(E)
Both charged spheres Y arid Z carry charge of the
same sign.
67. A satellite of mass m and speed v moves in a stable,
circular orbit around a planet of mass M.
What is the radius of the satellite's orbit?
(A)
GM / mv
(B)
Gv / Mm
(C)
GM / v2
(D)
GmM / v
(E)
GmM / v2
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
68. A constant force of 900 N pushes a 100 kg mass up the
inclined plane shown above at a uniform speed of 4 m/s. The
power developed by the 900 N force is most nearly
(A)
400 W
(B)
800 W
(C)
900 W
(D)
1000 W
(E)
3600 W
69. As shown above, a positively charged particle moves to
the right without deflection through a pair of charged plates.
Between the plates are a uniform electric field E of magnitude
6.0 N/C and a uniform magnetic field B of magnitude 2.0 T,
directed as shown in the figure. The speed of the particle is
most nearly
(A)
0.33
m/s
(B)
0.66
m/s
(C)
3
m/s
(D)
12
m/s
(E)
18
m/s
70. A hollow metal sphere 1.0 m in diameter carries a charge
of 4.0 μC. The electric field at a distance of 2.0 m from the
center of the sphere is most nearly
(A)
9.0 x 103 N/C
(B)
1.8 x 104 N/C
(C)
2.4 x 104 N/C
(D)
3.6 x 106 N/C
(E)
1.4 x 105 N/C
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
Section II
Time 90 minutes
70 Questions
1. (15 pts)
A roller coaster ride at an amusement park lifts a car of mass 700 kg to point A at a height of 90 m above the lowest point on the
track, as shown above. The car starts from rest at point A, rolls with negligible friction down the incline and follows the track
around a loop of radius 20 m. Point B, the highest point on the loop, is at a height of 50 m above the lowest point on the track.
(a)
i. Indicate on the figure the point P at which the maximum speed of the car is attained.
ii. Calculate the value v max of this maximum speed.
(b) Calculate the speed vB. of the car at point B.
(c)
i. On the figure of the car below, draw and label vectors to represent the forces acting on the car when it is upside
down at point B.
ii. Calculate the magnitude of all the forces identified in (c)i.
(d) Now suppose that friction is not negligible. How could the loop be modified to maintain the same speed at the top of the
loop as found in (b)? Justify your answer.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
2. (15 points)
While exploring a sunken ocean liner, the principal researcher found the absolute pressure on the robot observation
submarine at the level of the ship to be about 413 atmospheres. The density of seawater
is 1025 kg/m 3 .
(a) Calculate the gauge pressure pg on the sunken ocean liner.
(b) Calculate the depth D of the sunken ocean liner.
(c) Calculate the magnitude F of the force due to the water on a viewing port of the submarine at this depth if the viewing
port has a surface area of 0.0100 m2 .
Suppose that the ocean liner came to rest at the surface of the ocean before it started to sink. Due to the resistance of the
seawater, the sinking ocean liner then reached a terminal velocity of 10.0 m/s after falling
for 30.0 s.
(d) Determine the magnitude a of the average acceleration of the ocean liner during this period of time.
(e) Assuming the acceleration was constant, calculate the distance d below the surface at which the ocean liner reached this
terminal velocity.
(f) Calculate the time t it took the ocean liner to sink from the surface to the bottom of the ocean.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
3. (15 points)
A square loop of wire of side 0.20 m has a total resistance of 0.60 Ω . The loop is positioned in a uniform
magnetic field B of 0.030 T. The field is directed into the page, perpendicular to the plane of the loop, as shown above.
(a) Calculate the magnetic flux Ф through the loop.
The field strength now increases uniformly to 0.20 T in 0.50 s.
(b) Calculate the emf  induced in the loop during this period.
(c)
i. Calculate the magnitude I of the current in the loop during this period. ii.
What is the direction of the current in the loop?
________Clockwise ________Counterclockwise
Justify your answer.
(d) Describe a method by which you could induce a current in the loop if the magnetic field remained constant.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
4. (15 points)
Two small speakers S are positioned a distance of 0.75 m from each other, as shown in the diagram above. The two speakers
are each emitting a constant 2500 Hz tone, and the sound waves from the speakers are in phase with each other. A student is
standing at point P, which is a distance of 5.0 m from the midpoint between the speakers, and hears a maximum as expected.
Assume that reflections from nearby objects are negligible. Use 343 m/s for the speed of sound.
(a) Calculate the wavelength of these sound waves.
(b) The student moves a distance Y to point Q and notices that the sound intensity has decreased to a
minimum. Calculate the shortest distance the student could have moved to hear this minimum.
(c) Identify another location on the line that passes through P and Q where the student could stand in order to observe
a minimum. Justify your answer.
(d)
i. How would your answer to (b) change if the two speakers were moved closer together? Justify your answer.
ii. How would your answer to (b) change if the frequency emitted by the two speakers was increased? Justify
your answer.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
5. (10 points)
The diagram above of pressure P versus volume V shows the expansion of 2.0 moles of a monatomic ideal gas
from state A to state B. As shown in the diagram, PA = PB = 600 N/m 2 , VA = 3.03 and V, = 9.0 m 3.
(a)
i. Calculate the work done by the gas, as it expands.
ii. Calculate the change in internal energy of the gas as it expands.
iii. Calculate the heat added to or removed from the gas during this expansion.
(b) The pressure is then reduced to 200 N/m2 without changing the volume as the gas is taken from state B to state C.
Label state C on the diagram and draw a line or curve to represent the process from state B to state C.
(c) The gas is then compressed isothermally back to state A.
i. Draw a line or curve on the diagram to represent this process.
ii. Is heat added to or removed from the gas during this isothermal compression?
________add
to_______removed from
Justify your answer.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603
6. (10 points)
A student performs a photoelectric
effect experiment in which light of various
frequencies is incident on a photosensitive metal plate. This plate, a second metal plate, and a power supply are
connected in a circuit, which also contains two meters, M1 and M2, as shown above.
The student shines light of a specific wavelength λ onto the plate. The voltage on the power supply is then adjusted
until there is no more current in the circuit, and this voltage is recorded as the stopping potential Vs.
The student then repeats the experiment several more times with different wavelengths of light. The data, along with other
values calculated from it, are recorded in the table below.
(a) Indicate which meter is used as an ammeter and which meter is used as a voltmeter by checking the
appropriate spaces below.
M1
M2
Ammeter _________
__________
Voltmeter __________
__________
(b) Use the data above to plot a graph of K. versus f on the axes below, and sketch a best-fit line through the data.
(c) Use the best-fit line you sketched in part (b) to calculate an experimental value for Planck's constant.
(d) If the student had used a different metal with a larger work function, how would the graph you sketched in part (b)
be different? Explain your reasoning.
Copyright © 1976 by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes. Classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Made available for convenience, accessibility and
adaptation purposes by Ron Esman, Abilene High School, 2800 N. 6th Street, Abilene, Texas 79603