Download Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter
Chapter 15
Composition of Matter – Sec. 1

Pure Substances
– Same composition throughout
– Either an element or compound

Element
– All one type of atom
– Everything made of atoms

Compound
– Atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded
together
Composition of Matter

Mixtures
– Made of two or more substances that can
be easily separated by physical means

Heterogeneous Mixture
– Different materials can be seen easily
– Granite, concrete, vegetable soup

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)
– Blended evenly throughout
– Vinegar, Kool-aid
MATTER
Can it be separated?
no
yes
Substance
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Air, sugar water,
stainless stell
Granite, wood,
blood
Compounds Elements
Water, sodium
chloride
Gold,
aluminum
Mixtures

Colloid ~ heterogeneous
– Particles larger than solution but not heavy
enough to settle out
– Milk, paint, fog and smoke

Detecting Colloids
– Pass a beam of light through it
 Colloid – See beam
 Solution – Cannot see beam
– Particles big enough to scatter light –
Tyndall Effect
Mixtures

Suspension ~ heterogeneous
– Not solution, not colloid
– Muddy pond water
– Heterogeneous mixture with a liquid and
visible particles that settle
Properties of Matter
Section 2
Physical Properties

Def: characteristic observed without
changing the identity of the material
– Ex: color, shape, size, density
Appearance
 Behavior

– Magnetic, malleable, flow of liquid
Separating Mixtures

Sand and Rock mixture?
– Filter or sift

Iron filings and Aluminum mixture?
– Magnet
Physical Change

Change in size, shape or state of matter
and identity is same
– Solid to a liquid?
– Yes
Condense
Freeze
Evaporate
Melt
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Physical Change

How to get pure water from salt water?
– Distillation – evaporate liquid and then
recondense it
Chemical Properties and
Changes

Chemical Property – can be observed
only by changing the substance
– Flammability, reactivity, decomposition
Chemical Change – change where a
NEW substance is formed
 Weathering – Physical or Chemical
Change?

– Both!
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is neither created nor destroyed
during a chemical reaction
 Mass of all substances before = mass
of all substances after change
