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... is as follows: Let x denote the term being computed, and let β : x 7→ β(x) denote a single beta reduction step. Instead of the non-invertible function β, one considers the function x 7→ (x, β(x)), which is invertible on its range. In its simplest version, the computation proceeds as x 7→ (x, β(x)) 7 ...
... is as follows: Let x denote the term being computed, and let β : x 7→ β(x) denote a single beta reduction step. Instead of the non-invertible function β, one considers the function x 7→ (x, β(x)), which is invertible on its range. In its simplest version, the computation proceeds as x 7→ (x, β(x)) 7 ...
PHYS - University of New Brunswick
... classical thermodynamics and a little about properties of materials. We have heard that “energy is conserved” and even have an appreciation of how important this principle is, but in first year mechanics energy is often apparently “lost” when friction does work. Here, at last , we introduce a comple ...
... classical thermodynamics and a little about properties of materials. We have heard that “energy is conserved” and even have an appreciation of how important this principle is, but in first year mechanics energy is often apparently “lost” when friction does work. Here, at last , we introduce a comple ...
Quantum steam tables. Free energy calculations for H2O, D2O, H2S
... fully coupled accurate calculations, and these treatments reduce the errors by about a factor of 2 compared to the independent-mode harmonic oscillator model (with errors of ~ 16% ). These calculations indicate that vibrational anharmonicity and mode-mode coupling effects are significant, but that t ...
... fully coupled accurate calculations, and these treatments reduce the errors by about a factor of 2 compared to the independent-mode harmonic oscillator model (with errors of ~ 16% ). These calculations indicate that vibrational anharmonicity and mode-mode coupling effects are significant, but that t ...
Quantum computation with two-electron spins in
... level system that can be in a superposition of its two basis states. There are many different proposals for implementing qubits, but one of the most promising ones is to encode the qubit using electron spins trapped in semiconductor quantum dots. These systems, the confinement of the electrons in the ...
... level system that can be in a superposition of its two basis states. There are many different proposals for implementing qubits, but one of the most promising ones is to encode the qubit using electron spins trapped in semiconductor quantum dots. These systems, the confinement of the electrons in the ...
Semiclassical approximations in wave mechanics
... methods produce the best estimate out of a given class of trial solutions. This article will deal with semiclassical approximations where expressions for wave functions, energy levels, phase shifts, scattering cross sections, etc are derived whose analytic forms are correct in the limiting case wher ...
... methods produce the best estimate out of a given class of trial solutions. This article will deal with semiclassical approximations where expressions for wave functions, energy levels, phase shifts, scattering cross sections, etc are derived whose analytic forms are correct in the limiting case wher ...
Microsoft Word - ANL_form6
... XXI century. The superior performance of quantum systems in computation and communication applications is predominantly rooted in a property of quantum mechanical states called entanglement. Essentially, entanglement comes along with new kinds of correlations. It is a fundamental property of quantum ...
... XXI century. The superior performance of quantum systems in computation and communication applications is predominantly rooted in a property of quantum mechanical states called entanglement. Essentially, entanglement comes along with new kinds of correlations. It is a fundamental property of quantum ...
Finding ordinary objects in some quantum worlds
... structure of spacetime to facts about the distribution of matter, or of the proposal to reduce facts about putatively intrinsic properties of particles like mass and charge to facts about their dynamical role. In any case, even if Albert’s pared-down ontological scheme turns out to be defensible, we ...
... structure of spacetime to facts about the distribution of matter, or of the proposal to reduce facts about putatively intrinsic properties of particles like mass and charge to facts about their dynamical role. In any case, even if Albert’s pared-down ontological scheme turns out to be defensible, we ...
Document
... space functions show a “force” arising from shared quantum information, a “quantum memory force” (QMF). The first four bound states are shown for Schmidt number K = 3.5, which is slightly “beyond-Bell.,” i.e., ...
... space functions show a “force” arising from shared quantum information, a “quantum memory force” (QMF). The first four bound states are shown for Schmidt number K = 3.5, which is slightly “beyond-Bell.,” i.e., ...
Solvation of electronically excited I2-
... rate of nonradiative electronic transitions. This paper focuses on the construction of simple but qualitatively correct interaction potentials for all relevant electronic states. The distortion of the dihalide ion by the solvent is included, and an explicit form is given for the matrix elements whic ...
... rate of nonradiative electronic transitions. This paper focuses on the construction of simple but qualitatively correct interaction potentials for all relevant electronic states. The distortion of the dihalide ion by the solvent is included, and an explicit form is given for the matrix elements whic ...
Black-hole/near-horizon-CFT duality and 4 dimensional classical
... where E is the number of external legs and n the number of vertexes. This simple formula indicates non-renormalizabilty due to the fact that it increases with the number of vertexes. In other words, an infinite sum within the path integral to all orders in ~ will be plagued by infinite ever-divergin ...
... where E is the number of external legs and n the number of vertexes. This simple formula indicates non-renormalizabilty due to the fact that it increases with the number of vertexes. In other words, an infinite sum within the path integral to all orders in ~ will be plagued by infinite ever-divergin ...
Energy-time entanglement, elements of reality, and local realism Linköping University Post Print
... complete than quantum mechanics. The sinusoidal interference obtained from the experiment when restricting to coincident events is larger than the bound from given by the Bell inequality [2]. But the selection of coincident events at the two sites introduces postselection into the data analysis. Thi ...
... complete than quantum mechanics. The sinusoidal interference obtained from the experiment when restricting to coincident events is larger than the bound from given by the Bell inequality [2]. But the selection of coincident events at the two sites introduces postselection into the data analysis. Thi ...
How Quantum Computers Fail - Einstein Institute of Mathematics
... based on the individual qubits.) In contrast, we can regard the subspace of bosonic states as a quantum code, and the type of noise we expect amounts to having a mixed state between the intended bosonic state and other bosonic states. Such a noise does not exhibit a strong dependence on the computa ...
... based on the individual qubits.) In contrast, we can regard the subspace of bosonic states as a quantum code, and the type of noise we expect amounts to having a mixed state between the intended bosonic state and other bosonic states. Such a noise does not exhibit a strong dependence on the computa ...
Sufficient Conditions for Efficient Classical Simulation of Quantum
... (trace-preserving) quantum process; one generates samples by making a measurement on the M output modes (see Fig. 1). The first condition is based on expressing the probability distribution of the measurement outcomes in terms of a PQD for the output state of the process and PQDs of the elements of ...
... (trace-preserving) quantum process; one generates samples by making a measurement on the M output modes (see Fig. 1). The first condition is based on expressing the probability distribution of the measurement outcomes in terms of a PQD for the output state of the process and PQDs of the elements of ...
Ontological Aspects of Quantum Field Theory edited by
... shown that the major contribution of philosophy consists in its conceptual tools for addressing ontological questions. Historically there are two diametrically opposed lines of philosophical tradition which, for very different reasons, both reject the view that ontology is something in which physics ...
... shown that the major contribution of philosophy consists in its conceptual tools for addressing ontological questions. Historically there are two diametrically opposed lines of philosophical tradition which, for very different reasons, both reject the view that ontology is something in which physics ...
Symmetry Breaking by Topology and Energy Gap
... In the particle on a circle example, the “generator” of the momentum shift ρα ought to be φ, since δp = i[p, φ] by canonical quantization. However φ is not a legitimate operator: for any observable A, applying a rotation of 2π hAφiθ = hAφiθ + 2πhAi, which is absurd. This shows that the charge associ ...
... In the particle on a circle example, the “generator” of the momentum shift ρα ought to be φ, since δp = i[p, φ] by canonical quantization. However φ is not a legitimate operator: for any observable A, applying a rotation of 2π hAφiθ = hAφiθ + 2πhAi, which is absurd. This shows that the charge associ ...
Quantum imaging technologies
... is perhaps too broad to describe individual concepts in QM. In order to do that, one needs a metaphor for a quantum state itself. In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger proposed a thought experiment that has come to be called “Schrödinger’s cat”. In it, Schrödinger describes a cat that has been put in a box ...
... is perhaps too broad to describe individual concepts in QM. In order to do that, one needs a metaphor for a quantum state itself. In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger proposed a thought experiment that has come to be called “Schrödinger’s cat”. In it, Schrödinger describes a cat that has been put in a box ...
Cold magnetically trapped scandium atoms. II. Scattering dynamics D Groenenboom
... of the dimer can be assigned a definite asymptotic total electronic orbital angular momentum, L. For atoms with orbital angular momentum LA 2, this is no longer the case, and in that sense, the present work can be considered the first application of the general theory of Ref. [5]. To the best of o ...
... of the dimer can be assigned a definite asymptotic total electronic orbital angular momentum, L. For atoms with orbital angular momentum LA 2, this is no longer the case, and in that sense, the present work can be considered the first application of the general theory of Ref. [5]. To the best of o ...
the hydrogen atom in a uniform magnetic field - an example
... conditions so that the evolution of the system becomes de facto unpredictable. Such a system is said to behave irregularly or chaotically. The fact that classical motion can be irregular has been known at least since the beginning of this century. However in recent years it has become increasingly c ...
... conditions so that the evolution of the system becomes de facto unpredictable. Such a system is said to behave irregularly or chaotically. The fact that classical motion can be irregular has been known at least since the beginning of this century. However in recent years it has become increasingly c ...