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Paramyxovirus by Alice Chow
Paramyxovirus by Alice Chow

... have biphasic symptoms. The initial clinical sign involves febrile response. Later, the infected animal can develop systemic signs along with neurological diseases. CDV can be shed after one week of postinfection, which can occur before development of any symptoms. Virus can be shed in secretions fr ...
the virus infection cycle
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... capitalized and the terms are printed in italics  Species designations are not capitalized (unless they are derived from a place name or a host family or genus name), nor are they italicized  The name of the taxon should precede the term for the taxonomic unit ; for example: ..."the family Paramyx ...
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... and represents a measure of risk. CFRs are most often used for diseases with discrete, limited time courses, such as outbreaks of acute infections ...
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... receptors on host cells. This type of receptor is found on both human and chicken cells, but not on duck cells [14]. The most recent example of direct chicken-to-human transmission of influenza A virus occurred during an epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N7) in poultry in the Ne ...
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... has led to the concept that lupus is an auto-immune disease. The major immune response appears to be directed against nuclear antigens. These anti-nuclear antibodies are responsible for the LE cells and immuno-fluorescence on tissue sections. ...
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Chickenpox



Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.
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