West Nile Virus
... Flaviviruses are found in arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks which then infect the human. These viruses cause encephalitis and other hemorrhagic diseases. VIrulence factors specific to WNV: -Capsid Protein binds and protects viral RNA -Premembrane helps fold the envelope protein into correct shape ...
... Flaviviruses are found in arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks which then infect the human. These viruses cause encephalitis and other hemorrhagic diseases. VIrulence factors specific to WNV: -Capsid Protein binds and protects viral RNA -Premembrane helps fold the envelope protein into correct shape ...
(HFRS) caused by hantaviruses Puumala and
... DOBV genotypes differs enormously with case fatality rates (CFRs) between 0.3%-0.9% for DOBV genotype Kurkino and 14.5% for DOBV genotype Sochi [13]. In addition to severe courses that are linked to specific virus species or genotypes, several serious cases were reported for infection with PUUV that ...
... DOBV genotypes differs enormously with case fatality rates (CFRs) between 0.3%-0.9% for DOBV genotype Kurkino and 14.5% for DOBV genotype Sochi [13]. In addition to severe courses that are linked to specific virus species or genotypes, several serious cases were reported for infection with PUUV that ...
Seroprevalence of
... Universal screening of all pregnant women for HBV infection Pregnant women found to be HBsAg positive should be investigated for risk factors for MTCT Maternal high HBV DNA & HBeAg positivity are important risk factors for MTCT ...
... Universal screening of all pregnant women for HBV infection Pregnant women found to be HBsAg positive should be investigated for risk factors for MTCT Maternal high HBV DNA & HBeAg positivity are important risk factors for MTCT ...
Emergence of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD): Key Facts
... ebolavirus3,4. The viruses can survive number of days in liquid or dried materials and can be inactivated by UV radiation, gamma irradiation, and heating for 60 minutes at 60 °C or boiling for five minutes. It has found susceptible to sodium hypochlorite and disinfectants in particular5,6. The risk ...
... ebolavirus3,4. The viruses can survive number of days in liquid or dried materials and can be inactivated by UV radiation, gamma irradiation, and heating for 60 minutes at 60 °C or boiling for five minutes. It has found susceptible to sodium hypochlorite and disinfectants in particular5,6. The risk ...
Malnutrition, Vitamin Deficiencies, the Immune System and Infections
... protecting our body against infections. Infections are frequent and chronic in malnourished patients. Recent discoveries provide new information and new challenges regarding the link between nutrition and infections. Almost 900 million people in the world are undernourished. Malnutrition is the prim ...
... protecting our body against infections. Infections are frequent and chronic in malnourished patients. Recent discoveries provide new information and new challenges regarding the link between nutrition and infections. Almost 900 million people in the world are undernourished. Malnutrition is the prim ...
Should I Vaccinate My Child? A Physician’s Perspective
... ourselves, our families and our communities as a result of the use of effective and safe vaccines and immunization strategies based on our understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases. But science does not have answers to all a medical questions, such as why a baby dies of Sudden Infant Death S ...
... ourselves, our families and our communities as a result of the use of effective and safe vaccines and immunization strategies based on our understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases. But science does not have answers to all a medical questions, such as why a baby dies of Sudden Infant Death S ...
OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES SITUATION
... syphilis. The overall incidence rate for STI was 241 cases per 100,000 population. Gonorrhoea was the most common STI with an incidence rate of 54 cases ...
... syphilis. The overall incidence rate for STI was 241 cases per 100,000 population. Gonorrhoea was the most common STI with an incidence rate of 54 cases ...
Foot and mouth disease
... Control programmes that include an element of slaughter depend on prompt diagnosis. The symptoms of FMD in cattle and pigs are usually discernable during clinical examination and, for the greater part, the identification of FMD infected herds relies on clinical judgements. These may be confirmed by ...
... Control programmes that include an element of slaughter depend on prompt diagnosis. The symptoms of FMD in cattle and pigs are usually discernable during clinical examination and, for the greater part, the identification of FMD infected herds relies on clinical judgements. These may be confirmed by ...
Standard Precautions/OSHA
... After infectious agents find a site to grow and multiply, they must find a portal of exit (or escape route) in order to enter another host and cause disease. In a human, they can exit through a variety of ways, such as skin and mucous membranes, the respiratory tract, urinary tract, the GI tract, th ...
... After infectious agents find a site to grow and multiply, they must find a portal of exit (or escape route) in order to enter another host and cause disease. In a human, they can exit through a variety of ways, such as skin and mucous membranes, the respiratory tract, urinary tract, the GI tract, th ...
Communicable Disease 1995 - 2004
... Many insect-borne diseases are major health problems for developing countries. Malaria is estimated to infect over 300 million people, killing one million per year.44,45 Fortunately, many insect-borne diseases are so rare in Ontario that they are not required to be reported. The reportable insect-bo ...
... Many insect-borne diseases are major health problems for developing countries. Malaria is estimated to infect over 300 million people, killing one million per year.44,45 Fortunately, many insect-borne diseases are so rare in Ontario that they are not required to be reported. The reportable insect-bo ...
The hepatitis-C virus can be transmitted by sharing snorting tubes
... The hepatitis-C virus can be transmitted by sharing snorting tubes. The hepatitis-C virus is wider spread and more infectious than HIV. Even small amounts of dried blood residue can lead to a hepatitis-C infection. Protective measures can easily be taken: Use a clean surface. It is recommended to cl ...
... The hepatitis-C virus can be transmitted by sharing snorting tubes. The hepatitis-C virus is wider spread and more infectious than HIV. Even small amounts of dried blood residue can lead to a hepatitis-C infection. Protective measures can easily be taken: Use a clean surface. It is recommended to cl ...
Staffing Unfortunately, due to ill health, Margaret Martin has
... On Wednesday 12th February, the Oral Health Team of the Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust will be visiting the school to talk to children in years 3, 4, 5 and 6 about how to look after their teeth. During the visit they would like to give your child the opportunity to use a disclosing tablet, this ...
... On Wednesday 12th February, the Oral Health Team of the Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust will be visiting the school to talk to children in years 3, 4, 5 and 6 about how to look after their teeth. During the visit they would like to give your child the opportunity to use a disclosing tablet, this ...
Factors in the Emergence of Infectious Diseases
... Because humans are important agents of ecological and environmental change, many of these factors are anthropogenic. Of course, this is not always the case, and natural environmental changes, such as climate or weather anomalies, can have the same effect. The outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrom ...
... Because humans are important agents of ecological and environmental change, many of these factors are anthropogenic. Of course, this is not always the case, and natural environmental changes, such as climate or weather anomalies, can have the same effect. The outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrom ...
Picornaviruses
... Table 53-2 lists the virus isolation systems that are used. The most specific of the conventional laboratory tests used to identify picornavirus serotypes is the neutralization test. Serodiagnosis for the whole range of picornaviruses is impractical because of the multiplicity of serotypes. A serolo ...
... Table 53-2 lists the virus isolation systems that are used. The most specific of the conventional laboratory tests used to identify picornavirus serotypes is the neutralization test. Serodiagnosis for the whole range of picornaviruses is impractical because of the multiplicity of serotypes. A serolo ...
Ardmore Companion Animal Hospital | Veterinarian
... However, some cats may develop pneumonia, liver damage, and other health problems. Signs of illness include lethargy, loss of appetite, coughing, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, jaundice, blindness, personality changes, and other neurologic problems. The reason why some cats get sick and others do n ...
... However, some cats may develop pneumonia, liver damage, and other health problems. Signs of illness include lethargy, loss of appetite, coughing, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, jaundice, blindness, personality changes, and other neurologic problems. The reason why some cats get sick and others do n ...
Types of nuclear changes
... Differential susceptibility of four penaeid species to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Penaeus vannamei (van) and P. setiferus (set) are highly susceptible to WSSV, while P. aztacus (azt) and P. duorarum (duo) appear to be more resistant. ...
... Differential susceptibility of four penaeid species to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Penaeus vannamei (van) and P. setiferus (set) are highly susceptible to WSSV, while P. aztacus (azt) and P. duorarum (duo) appear to be more resistant. ...
Handwashing, History, and Health
... Yet, recent studies and reports indicate that lack of or improper handwashing still contributes significantly to the spread of disease. While we are all at risk of contracting hand-transmitted illnesses, one-third of our population is especially vulnerable, including pregnant women, children, old pe ...
... Yet, recent studies and reports indicate that lack of or improper handwashing still contributes significantly to the spread of disease. While we are all at risk of contracting hand-transmitted illnesses, one-third of our population is especially vulnerable, including pregnant women, children, old pe ...
Etiology of Clinical Proctitis among Men Who Have Sex with Men
... risk of HIV acquisition, so early treatment may also reduce an individual’s susceptibility to HIV infection. The evaluation and use of molecular amplification tests to screen for STDs at anatomic sites for which these tests have not been cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration are important a ...
... risk of HIV acquisition, so early treatment may also reduce an individual’s susceptibility to HIV infection. The evaluation and use of molecular amplification tests to screen for STDs at anatomic sites for which these tests have not been cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration are important a ...
rhinoscleroma - Repositório do Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central
... 1 Infectious Disease Unit – Department os Pediatrics Head of Department: Gonçalo Cordeiro Ferreira Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central – EPE, Lisbon Portugal 2 Otorhinolaringology Department – Hospital de Santarém – EPE, Portugal ...
... 1 Infectious Disease Unit – Department os Pediatrics Head of Department: Gonçalo Cordeiro Ferreira Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central – EPE, Lisbon Portugal 2 Otorhinolaringology Department – Hospital de Santarém – EPE, Portugal ...
NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Environmental Health and Safety
... sleeping sickness, leptospirosis, relapsing fever (Borrelia), and viral hemorrhagic fevers (including Ebola) ...
... sleeping sickness, leptospirosis, relapsing fever (Borrelia), and viral hemorrhagic fevers (including Ebola) ...
Time to Travel? or living in a hub country?
... • Persons with compromised immunity, as well as travelers to endemic areas of the world are at increased risk. • Pilgrims, (or large populations of people movement) are also at risk. The Hajj pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia has been associated with outbreaks of meningococcal disease in returning pilgrims ...
... • Persons with compromised immunity, as well as travelers to endemic areas of the world are at increased risk. • Pilgrims, (or large populations of people movement) are also at risk. The Hajj pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia has been associated with outbreaks of meningococcal disease in returning pilgrims ...
Oral Acyclovir in Treatment of Suspected Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
... reaction and the repeat fundus evaluation was within normal limits. At this juncture, keeping in mind the possibility of HSE and its association with vacillations in mentation and relentless progression we began oral acyclovir, 30 mg/kg/day divided in 8 hourly doses, for 10 days. At the time of disc ...
... reaction and the repeat fundus evaluation was within normal limits. At this juncture, keeping in mind the possibility of HSE and its association with vacillations in mentation and relentless progression we began oral acyclovir, 30 mg/kg/day divided in 8 hourly doses, for 10 days. At the time of disc ...
Chickenpox
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.