The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs
... people of the New World were not troubled by cross-species viral infection. When the Europeans arrived, carrying germs which thrived in dense, semi-urban populations, the indigenous people of the Americas were effectively doomed. They had never experienced smallpox, measles or flu before, and the vi ...
... people of the New World were not troubled by cross-species viral infection. When the Europeans arrived, carrying germs which thrived in dense, semi-urban populations, the indigenous people of the Americas were effectively doomed. They had never experienced smallpox, measles or flu before, and the vi ...
Document
... first sampling, and stallions must have their shedding status investigated. Serosurveillance is used on stallions vaccinated using Artervac, the only killed virus vaccine for equine arteritis virus (EAV) available in Europe. This testing shows that achievement and maintenance of the immunity require ...
... first sampling, and stallions must have their shedding status investigated. Serosurveillance is used on stallions vaccinated using Artervac, the only killed virus vaccine for equine arteritis virus (EAV) available in Europe. This testing shows that achievement and maintenance of the immunity require ...
Diseases of Barley, Rye, and Triticale in Alabama
... Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. Follow all directions, precautions, and restrictions that are listed. Do not use pesticides on plants that are not listed on the label. The pesticide rates in this publication are recommended only if they are registered with the Environme ...
... Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. Follow all directions, precautions, and restrictions that are listed. Do not use pesticides on plants that are not listed on the label. The pesticide rates in this publication are recommended only if they are registered with the Environme ...
Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat
... as dengue and West Nile. The most historically important of these is yellow fever virus, the first recognized viral cause of deadly epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Zika, which was discovered incidentally in Uganda in 1947 in the course of mosquito and primate surveillance,1 had until now remained an obs ...
... as dengue and West Nile. The most historically important of these is yellow fever virus, the first recognized viral cause of deadly epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Zika, which was discovered incidentally in Uganda in 1947 in the course of mosquito and primate surveillance,1 had until now remained an obs ...
diagnose en surveillance van infectieuze aandoeningen diagnostic
... performed in the laboratory, preferentially after fluorochrome staining, because it is rapid, cheap and a smear positive result constitutes an information on the contagiousness of the patient Concerning the diagnosis of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI), without clinical manifestation and radiolog ...
... performed in the laboratory, preferentially after fluorochrome staining, because it is rapid, cheap and a smear positive result constitutes an information on the contagiousness of the patient Concerning the diagnosis of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI), without clinical manifestation and radiolog ...
vesicular exanthema of swine virus
... Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Vesivirus in the family Caliciviridae. There are two species within the Vesivirus genus: feline calicivirus (FCV) and VESV. There are approximately 40 serotypes of VESV: 13 ...
... Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Vesivirus in the family Caliciviridae. There are two species within the Vesivirus genus: feline calicivirus (FCV) and VESV. There are approximately 40 serotypes of VESV: 13 ...
Scientific Committee on Enteric Infections and Foodborne Diseases
... had an infection with a specific enterovirus, he or she will usually become immune to that particular virus for life. Yet, he or she is still susceptible to infection with other strains of enteroviruses. Infants, children, and adolescents are thus more prone to infection and illness from enterovirus ...
... had an infection with a specific enterovirus, he or she will usually become immune to that particular virus for life. Yet, he or she is still susceptible to infection with other strains of enteroviruses. Infants, children, and adolescents are thus more prone to infection and illness from enterovirus ...
Unit 1 - Spatial Diffusion
... The distance between Chicago and Taiwan remains the same as it was 80 years ago, but people in Chicago and Taiwan are relatively closer because they can communicate quickly via email and airline travel. ...
... The distance between Chicago and Taiwan remains the same as it was 80 years ago, but people in Chicago and Taiwan are relatively closer because they can communicate quickly via email and airline travel. ...
vitamin c in the prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases
... ascorbic acid, produced an increase in body weight and reduction in tuberculous lesions in guinea pigs. Microscopic examination revealed less caseonecrotic lesions and more collagenous tissue in and around the tubercular centers than was observed in controls. Albrecht 6 found that daily subcutaneous ...
... ascorbic acid, produced an increase in body weight and reduction in tuberculous lesions in guinea pigs. Microscopic examination revealed less caseonecrotic lesions and more collagenous tissue in and around the tubercular centers than was observed in controls. Albrecht 6 found that daily subcutaneous ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Training Presentation
... • Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for 10 years or more. • Some people who are infected with HIV report having flu-like symptoms (often described as “the worst flu ever”) 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. ...
... • Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for 10 years or more. • Some people who are infected with HIV report having flu-like symptoms (often described as “the worst flu ever”) 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. ...
Excerpts from Michigan Occupational Health Program
... 1. Persons with HIV infection or persons with risk factors for HIV infection who have an unknown HIV infection or who have an unknown HIV status; 2. Persons who have had close recent contact with infectious tuberculosis cases; and 3. People who have had chest x-rays consistent with old, healed tuber ...
... 1. Persons with HIV infection or persons with risk factors for HIV infection who have an unknown HIV infection or who have an unknown HIV status; 2. Persons who have had close recent contact with infectious tuberculosis cases; and 3. People who have had chest x-rays consistent with old, healed tuber ...
Treatment for HIV and AIDS
... None of the drugs and vaccines being researched cure HIV/AIDS because HIV infects the very cells that regulate the immune response. Several new strains of the virus have emerged since it was first discovered, making it even harder to develop an effective treatment. Some people stop treatment or take ...
... None of the drugs and vaccines being researched cure HIV/AIDS because HIV infects the very cells that regulate the immune response. Several new strains of the virus have emerged since it was first discovered, making it even harder to develop an effective treatment. Some people stop treatment or take ...
Review on Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases
... importance for both public and animal health. In humans, the infection can be a zoonoses, acquired from dogs, cats, sheep, birds and other infected animals. The principal pathogenic species are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and campylobacter fetus subspecies laridis a ...
... importance for both public and animal health. In humans, the infection can be a zoonoses, acquired from dogs, cats, sheep, birds and other infected animals. The principal pathogenic species are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and campylobacter fetus subspecies laridis a ...
ACIP Updates February 2017
... Excellent presentation of safety review and analysis of all systems Root cause was TIV stimulated release of cytokines and chemokines more robustly than previously; manufacturing process may have not fully split the B virus adequately yielding a greater immune response Problem studied, resolve ...
... Excellent presentation of safety review and analysis of all systems Root cause was TIV stimulated release of cytokines and chemokines more robustly than previously; manufacturing process may have not fully split the B virus adequately yielding a greater immune response Problem studied, resolve ...
Biological Disaster (Epidemics in India)
... principally A.aegypti. The virus has five different types; infection with one type usually gives life long immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increase the risk of severe complications. As there is no commercially available va ...
... principally A.aegypti. The virus has five different types; infection with one type usually gives life long immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increase the risk of severe complications. As there is no commercially available va ...
Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPCT)
... Provided no leakage is expected and there is no notifiable disease present, the body can be wrapped in a sheet and taped lightly. Where there is significant leakage or a notifiable disease is known or suspected (see manual page Section 2 Appendix A Communicable Diseases), place the deceased into a b ...
... Provided no leakage is expected and there is no notifiable disease present, the body can be wrapped in a sheet and taped lightly. Where there is significant leakage or a notifiable disease is known or suspected (see manual page Section 2 Appendix A Communicable Diseases), place the deceased into a b ...
Antigenically-related Viruses Associated with Infectious Bursal
... Winterfield & Hitchner, 1962). The disease specifically affects the bursa of Fabricius, initially causing severe oedema followed by atrophy. The disease is of interest, not only from a commercial viewpoint, but also immunologically, as young birds affected by the disease are unable to cope satisfact ...
... Winterfield & Hitchner, 1962). The disease specifically affects the bursa of Fabricius, initially causing severe oedema followed by atrophy. The disease is of interest, not only from a commercial viewpoint, but also immunologically, as young birds affected by the disease are unable to cope satisfact ...
Viral Pathogens
... • After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. • Most patients develop pneumonia. Source: Initially certain mammals in SE Asia (esp. China): palm civet cat; recent evidence in bats ...
... • After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. • Most patients develop pneumonia. Source: Initially certain mammals in SE Asia (esp. China): palm civet cat; recent evidence in bats ...
Chickenpox
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.