A Bifunctional tRNA for In Vitro Selection
... were used to purify ribosomal complexes from free mRNA and ribonucleases. The ribosome-bound PT fusions were then linked to their mRNAs by UV irradiation (Figure 3A), which crosslinks the wybutine base in tRNAx to the 5⬘-U of the Phe codon [16] (Figure 3B). As expected from a process that links a pe ...
... were used to purify ribosomal complexes from free mRNA and ribonucleases. The ribosome-bound PT fusions were then linked to their mRNAs by UV irradiation (Figure 3A), which crosslinks the wybutine base in tRNAx to the 5⬘-U of the Phe codon [16] (Figure 3B). As expected from a process that links a pe ...
Small aminoacyl transfer centers at GU within a larger RNA
... Separate aminoacyl transfer centers related to the small …GUNNN..: NNNU ribozyme seem possible at the frequent GU sequences dispersed throughout an RNA tertiary structure. In fact, such activity is easily detected and varies more than 2 orders in rate, probably being faster at sites with less struct ...
... Separate aminoacyl transfer centers related to the small …GUNNN..: NNNU ribozyme seem possible at the frequent GU sequences dispersed throughout an RNA tertiary structure. In fact, such activity is easily detected and varies more than 2 orders in rate, probably being faster at sites with less struct ...
Molecular Characterization of a Zygote Wall
... IV cDNA in the Bluescript (BS) plasmid. The 45-kD band is an endogenous product of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. An arrow points to the 34-kD class IV product. Right panel. Hybrid select-translation using the class IV cDNA. In lane 1 are the products of a translation with no exogenous RNA a ...
... IV cDNA in the Bluescript (BS) plasmid. The 45-kD band is an endogenous product of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. An arrow points to the 34-kD class IV product. Right panel. Hybrid select-translation using the class IV cDNA. In lane 1 are the products of a translation with no exogenous RNA a ...
Molecular Characterization of a Zygote Wall Protein
... IV cDNA in the Bluescript (BS) plasmid. The 45-kD band is an endogenous product of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. An arrow points to the 34-kD class IV product. Right panel. Hybrid select-translation using the class IV cDNA. In lane 1 are the products of a translation with no exogenous RNA a ...
... IV cDNA in the Bluescript (BS) plasmid. The 45-kD band is an endogenous product of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. An arrow points to the 34-kD class IV product. Right panel. Hybrid select-translation using the class IV cDNA. In lane 1 are the products of a translation with no exogenous RNA a ...
Prokaryotic Regulation of Transcription
... polycictronic, can have several genes involved in a metabolic pathway expressed together (coordinated expression) Control translation and degradation of protein product ...
... polycictronic, can have several genes involved in a metabolic pathway expressed together (coordinated expression) Control translation and degradation of protein product ...
IV RNA Synthesis: Transcription
... chemistry of RNA and DNA: (1) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose; (2) RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine; and (3) except in certain viruses, RNA is not doublestranded. The change from deoxyribose to ribose affects the chemistry of a nucleic acid; enzymes that act on DN ...
... chemistry of RNA and DNA: (1) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose; (2) RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine; and (3) except in certain viruses, RNA is not doublestranded. The change from deoxyribose to ribose affects the chemistry of a nucleic acid; enzymes that act on DN ...
Spnr, a Murine RNA-binding Protein That Is Localized to
... vimentin and tubulin mRNAs have been found in the cytoskeletal framework fraction of NIH3T3 cells (Sharpless et al., 1993) and may have a role in localizing these messages along the cytoskeleton within these cells. Since 3' UTR sequences are involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism, including tra ...
... vimentin and tubulin mRNAs have been found in the cytoskeletal framework fraction of NIH3T3 cells (Sharpless et al., 1993) and may have a role in localizing these messages along the cytoskeleton within these cells. Since 3' UTR sequences are involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism, including tra ...
From Genes to Proteins
... should see that many three-letter combinations can be produced. Compare this exercise to the table in Figure 4. Ask students how the two compare. (In the exercise, letters are combined to form words, but in the table the letters stand for combinations of ...
... should see that many three-letter combinations can be produced. Compare this exercise to the table in Figure 4. Ask students how the two compare. (In the exercise, letters are combined to form words, but in the table the letters stand for combinations of ...
Chapt. 14 Eukaryotic mRNA processing I: splicing 14.1 Genes are in
... • U2 snRNA base-pairs with conserved sequence at splicing branchpoint • Essential for splicing • U2 also forms base pairs with U6 – Helps orient snRNPs for splicing • 5’-end of U2 interacts with 3’-end of U6 – important in splicing in mammalian cells, not ...
... • U2 snRNA base-pairs with conserved sequence at splicing branchpoint • Essential for splicing • U2 also forms base pairs with U6 – Helps orient snRNPs for splicing • 5’-end of U2 interacts with 3’-end of U6 – important in splicing in mammalian cells, not ...
Draft of first homework
... Many students thought that tiling array probes are better if they overlap mRNAs (and, conversely, that probes are bad if they are not overlapping mRNAs). This is not true, as the whole point with a tiling array is to be unbiased in terms of annotation, so that you can see any mRNAs, including unknow ...
... Many students thought that tiling array probes are better if they overlap mRNAs (and, conversely, that probes are bad if they are not overlapping mRNAs). This is not true, as the whole point with a tiling array is to be unbiased in terms of annotation, so that you can see any mRNAs, including unknow ...
Twins take the job
... cell lines, confirm that both proteins harbour exoribonucleolytic activity but that only the PIN domain of hDiIS3 is active as an endonuclease. These results suggest that some RNA metabolic processes may require both exo- and endoribonuclease activities, whereas others would rely only on exonucleoly ...
... cell lines, confirm that both proteins harbour exoribonucleolytic activity but that only the PIN domain of hDiIS3 is active as an endonuclease. These results suggest that some RNA metabolic processes may require both exo- and endoribonuclease activities, whereas others would rely only on exonucleoly ...
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).
... of the protein, which revealed that the FMRP harbors several RNA-binding motifs [Ashley et al., 1993; Gibson et al., 1993; Siomi et al., 1993]. These include two tandem KH domains, so named for their homology to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K, and a less well-defined element consisting of repeats of ...
... of the protein, which revealed that the FMRP harbors several RNA-binding motifs [Ashley et al., 1993; Gibson et al., 1993; Siomi et al., 1993]. These include two tandem KH domains, so named for their homology to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K, and a less well-defined element consisting of repeats of ...
Hutational analysis of the influenza virus A/Victoria/3/75 PA protein
... that the entire C-terminal three quarters of PA are involved in this association. PBI may be bound at several points and/or by a highly structure-dependent element formed by discontinuous regions of PA. The structure is indeed important since a deletion of the 154 N-terminal amino acids did not affe ...
... that the entire C-terminal three quarters of PA are involved in this association. PBI may be bound at several points and/or by a highly structure-dependent element formed by discontinuous regions of PA. The structure is indeed important since a deletion of the 154 N-terminal amino acids did not affe ...
What is a miRNA?
... Small RNAs do more than degrading one target mRNA Small RNA is used in general for gene regulation. The molecules are similar with siRNA but may have a different regulatory effect ...
... Small RNAs do more than degrading one target mRNA Small RNA is used in general for gene regulation. The molecules are similar with siRNA but may have a different regulatory effect ...
Gene Section RPL26 (ribosomal protein L26) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... double-stranded RNA structure necessary for RPL26 binding to p53 mRNA. Disruption of this doublestranded RNA structure, either by base mutations in the two complementary UTR sequences or with a singlestranded oligonucleotide targeting the 5'-3'UTR base pairing, abolishes binding of RPL26 to the p53 ...
... double-stranded RNA structure necessary for RPL26 binding to p53 mRNA. Disruption of this doublestranded RNA structure, either by base mutations in the two complementary UTR sequences or with a singlestranded oligonucleotide targeting the 5'-3'UTR base pairing, abolishes binding of RPL26 to the p53 ...
Astrovirus Replication: An Overview
... yet been biologically demonstrated.17 The fact that in vitro transcribed capped RNA is infectious does not rule out the possibility that the 5’ end of genomic RNA found within particles could be linked to a VPg protein, and similar observations have been made with feline calicivirus.18 ORF1a and ORF ...
... yet been biologically demonstrated.17 The fact that in vitro transcribed capped RNA is infectious does not rule out the possibility that the 5’ end of genomic RNA found within particles could be linked to a VPg protein, and similar observations have been made with feline calicivirus.18 ORF1a and ORF ...
Questions, chapter 14
... and RF2 (UAG by RF1, UGA by RF2, and UAA by both RF1 and RF2). These factors are composed entirely of protein, and use a particular stretch of three amino acids to form a "peptide anticodon" that binds to and specifically recognizes the stop codon. When the ribosome encounters a stop codon, RF1 or R ...
... and RF2 (UAG by RF1, UGA by RF2, and UAA by both RF1 and RF2). These factors are composed entirely of protein, and use a particular stretch of three amino acids to form a "peptide anticodon" that binds to and specifically recognizes the stop codon. When the ribosome encounters a stop codon, RF1 or R ...
continued
... genetic code by creating artificial mRNAs of known sequence and observing what proteins they produced – For example, an mRNA strand composed entirely of uracil (UUUUUUUU…) produced a protein consisting entirely of the amino acid phenylalanine – Therefore, they concluded that the triplet UUU is the ...
... genetic code by creating artificial mRNAs of known sequence and observing what proteins they produced – For example, an mRNA strand composed entirely of uracil (UUUUUUUU…) produced a protein consisting entirely of the amino acid phenylalanine – Therefore, they concluded that the triplet UUU is the ...
Single-molecule insights into mRNA
... Whether transport is random or biased toward specific branches or regions is unknown. (D) mRNAs can be captured or stalled at specific regions in response to local activity. This may allow the specific targeting of proteins to particular regions or synapses through local translation. (E) mRNA imagin ...
... Whether transport is random or biased toward specific branches or regions is unknown. (D) mRNAs can be captured or stalled at specific regions in response to local activity. This may allow the specific targeting of proteins to particular regions or synapses through local translation. (E) mRNA imagin ...
Slides of short summary on Molecular Biology
... The double helix of DNA has these features: • Concentration of adenine (A) is equal to thymine (T) • Concentration of cytidine (C) is equal to guanine (G). • Watson-Crick base-pairing A will only base-pair with T, and C with G • base-pairs of G and C contain three H-bonds, • Base-pairs of A and T co ...
... The double helix of DNA has these features: • Concentration of adenine (A) is equal to thymine (T) • Concentration of cytidine (C) is equal to guanine (G). • Watson-Crick base-pairing A will only base-pair with T, and C with G • base-pairs of G and C contain three H-bonds, • Base-pairs of A and T co ...
A SOLUBLE RIBONUCLEIC ACID INTERMEDIATE IN PROTEIN
... irreversibly into cY-peptide linkage in protein has been used in our laboratories for a number of years as a measure of protein synthesis. The essential components of this system are the microsomal ribonucleoprotein particles, certain enzymes derived from the soluble protein fraction, adenosine trip ...
... irreversibly into cY-peptide linkage in protein has been used in our laboratories for a number of years as a measure of protein synthesis. The essential components of this system are the microsomal ribonucleoprotein particles, certain enzymes derived from the soluble protein fraction, adenosine trip ...
Oocyte-Specific Expression of Growth/Differentiation Factor-9
... during mammalian embryogenesis (13-l 8); and giiai cell-derived neurotrophic factor, which can promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (19). The biologically active forms of these secreted factors are believed to be generated by proteolytic cleavage from a larger precursor protein. For ...
... during mammalian embryogenesis (13-l 8); and giiai cell-derived neurotrophic factor, which can promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (19). The biologically active forms of these secreted factors are believed to be generated by proteolytic cleavage from a larger precursor protein. For ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.