Biology Professor, Robert Osuna, Receives National Science
... Bacteria rely on numerous global gene regulators to rapidly control the activity of many of its genes in their attempt to protect themselves or benefit from a sudden change in their immediate environment. DksA, a fairly recently discovered bacterial gene regulator, plays an essential role in the reg ...
... Bacteria rely on numerous global gene regulators to rapidly control the activity of many of its genes in their attempt to protect themselves or benefit from a sudden change in their immediate environment. DksA, a fairly recently discovered bacterial gene regulator, plays an essential role in the reg ...
1DNA - AHSbognasnc4m
... very similar to DNA, but ◦ single stranded ◦ complementary base to adenine is not thymine, as it is in DNA, but rather uracil. ...
... very similar to DNA, but ◦ single stranded ◦ complementary base to adenine is not thymine, as it is in DNA, but rather uracil. ...
dsRNA synthesis RNAi (Howard Clarke)
... Selection and preparation of DNA template: Chose an exon-rich region of genomic DNA 300bp in length (>500 is better, and 3’ UTR sequence is fine). Alternatively, cDNA clones or first-strand cDNA generated by RT-PCR can be used as template (see protocol “Oligo d(T) primed cDNA synthesis”). cDNA templ ...
... Selection and preparation of DNA template: Chose an exon-rich region of genomic DNA 300bp in length (>500 is better, and 3’ UTR sequence is fine). Alternatively, cDNA clones or first-strand cDNA generated by RT-PCR can be used as template (see protocol “Oligo d(T) primed cDNA synthesis”). cDNA templ ...
RNA and protein synthesis
... RNA REVIEW –single stranded nucleotide chain –ribose sugar –G-C and A-U –Uracil instead of Thymine –Different types: –mRNA, tRNA, rRNA ...
... RNA REVIEW –single stranded nucleotide chain –ribose sugar –G-C and A-U –Uracil instead of Thymine –Different types: –mRNA, tRNA, rRNA ...
lecture1
... 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: 1. two purines, called adenine (A) and guanine (G) 2. two pyrimidines, called thymine (T) and cytosine (C) RNA contains: 1. The same purines, aden ...
... 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: 1. two purines, called adenine (A) and guanine (G) 2. two pyrimidines, called thymine (T) and cytosine (C) RNA contains: 1. The same purines, aden ...
BCH-201:Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
... 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: 1. two purines, called adenine (A) and guanine (G) 2. two pyrimidines, called thymine (T) and cytosine (C) RNA contains: 1. The same purines, aden ...
... 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: 1. two purines, called adenine (A) and guanine (G) 2. two pyrimidines, called thymine (T) and cytosine (C) RNA contains: 1. The same purines, aden ...
From Gene to Protein
... • smallest units of uniform length to allow translation of all 20 amino acids • codon- triplet in mRNA ...
... • smallest units of uniform length to allow translation of all 20 amino acids • codon- triplet in mRNA ...
Central Dogma of Biology - Marengo Community Middle School
... mRNA molecule while transcription is still in progress. ...
... mRNA molecule while transcription is still in progress. ...
Notes Protein Synthesis
... • In eukaryotes… • Large portions of mRNA do not code for parts of a protein • Introns – noncoding segments • Exons – coding segments • snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) combine with proteins to make spliceosome • Spliceosomes cut at ends of introns and rejoins remaining exons together (reco ...
... • In eukaryotes… • Large portions of mRNA do not code for parts of a protein • Introns – noncoding segments • Exons – coding segments • snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) combine with proteins to make spliceosome • Spliceosomes cut at ends of introns and rejoins remaining exons together (reco ...
Chapter 6
... Changes in splicing patterns caused by random mutations have been an important pathway in the evolution of genes. ...
... Changes in splicing patterns caused by random mutations have been an important pathway in the evolution of genes. ...
Protein Synthesis DNA vs. RNA
... 1. Binds to DNA (in nucleus) 2. Separates the DNA strands 3. Uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of mRNA ...
... 1. Binds to DNA (in nucleus) 2. Separates the DNA strands 3. Uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of mRNA ...
PRACTICE TEST CHAPTER 13 1 ______ 1. Which of the following
... RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine. RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil. RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information. RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions. ...
... RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine. RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil. RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information. RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions. ...
13.3 RNA and Gene Expression
... the instructions for making proteins from the DNA (in the nucleus) to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell. Ribosomal (rRNA) – helps to assemble amino acids to make proteins on the ribosomes. ...
... the instructions for making proteins from the DNA (in the nucleus) to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell. Ribosomal (rRNA) – helps to assemble amino acids to make proteins on the ribosomes. ...
CHAPTER 10 - Protein Synthesis The DNA genotype is expressed
... of the cell or exported out of the cell Figure 10.20 • Summary of transcription and translation Review: The flow of genetic information in the cell is DNA→RNA→protein • The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide – Polypeptides form proteins that cells and organis ...
... of the cell or exported out of the cell Figure 10.20 • Summary of transcription and translation Review: The flow of genetic information in the cell is DNA→RNA→protein • The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide – Polypeptides form proteins that cells and organis ...
trp operon – a repressible system
... Gene regulation in eukaryotes is more complex than it is in prokaryotes because of: – the larger amount of DNA – the organization of chromatin – larger number of chromosomes – spatial separation of transcription and translation – mRNA processing – RNA stability – cellular differentiation in eukar ...
... Gene regulation in eukaryotes is more complex than it is in prokaryotes because of: – the larger amount of DNA – the organization of chromatin – larger number of chromosomes – spatial separation of transcription and translation – mRNA processing – RNA stability – cellular differentiation in eukar ...
TandT Group work
... The bacterial cell needs to replicate its chromosome to make sure the new daughter cell has a complete copy for the genome. Using the key words below, draw a diagram and supplement with explanation where needed, that shows how DNA Replication occurs: ...
... The bacterial cell needs to replicate its chromosome to make sure the new daughter cell has a complete copy for the genome. Using the key words below, draw a diagram and supplement with explanation where needed, that shows how DNA Replication occurs: ...
Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in
... Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. The experimental organism used in most of our work is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which enables us to use a powerful combination of classical genetics, modern biochemistry and genomics/proteomics in our studies ...
... Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. The experimental organism used in most of our work is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which enables us to use a powerful combination of classical genetics, modern biochemistry and genomics/proteomics in our studies ...
DNA - Ellis Benjamin
... RNA • 3 types of RNA – Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries info. specific to a protein, 3 RNA bases form a codon specifying an amino acid – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – combines with proteins to form a ribosome – Transfer RNA (tRNA) – carries specific amino acid to ribosome ...
... RNA • 3 types of RNA – Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries info. specific to a protein, 3 RNA bases form a codon specifying an amino acid – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – combines with proteins to form a ribosome – Transfer RNA (tRNA) – carries specific amino acid to ribosome ...
Q on Genetic Control of Protein Structure and function – Chapter 5
... What are the 2 main types of RNA and what are their similarities and differences? Describe two important features of genetic material. Copy and complete the table to compare the structure of DNA and RNA: DNA ...
... What are the 2 main types of RNA and what are their similarities and differences? Describe two important features of genetic material. Copy and complete the table to compare the structure of DNA and RNA: DNA ...
1 - gcisd
... a. Find the definition of both and then explain how they are related to each other 10. KNOW ABOUT MRNA’S ROLE IN REPRODUCTION a. Where is it generated or made? The nucleus b. Where does it go after it is made? The cytoplasm c. What is its main job? To make a copy of DNA’s code to build proteins d. H ...
... a. Find the definition of both and then explain how they are related to each other 10. KNOW ABOUT MRNA’S ROLE IN REPRODUCTION a. Where is it generated or made? The nucleus b. Where does it go after it is made? The cytoplasm c. What is its main job? To make a copy of DNA’s code to build proteins d. H ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.