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Loving Our Muslim Neighbors - Lutheran Social Service of Minnesota
Loving Our Muslim Neighbors - Lutheran Social Service of Minnesota

... 7. c In the aftermath of each traumatic terror attack of these past few decades, Muslim leaders consistently have spoken out against such actions. Terrorists are just a small portion of the population of the world who may identify as Muslim and often it is Muslims who are the victims of such violenc ...
From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires
From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires

... Suppose that you are a medieval journalist who has been given an opportunity to interview three people—a Muslim, a Jew, and a Christian—to learn more about how each was affected by the Crusades. If necessary, on a separate sheet of paper, write three interview questions that you would ask these peop ...
section 1: seerah
section 1: seerah

... b) The hypocrites who avoided taking part at the battle of Uhud c) The poor companions of Rasulullah (S.A.W.) who lived in Masjidu-n-Nabawi d) Muslims who contributed the most towards the Campaign of Tabook Q33. Whom did Rasulullah (S.A.W.) appoint to write The Treaty of Hudaibiyah? a) Hz. Ali b. Ab ...
Muhammad Zubair Mughal Chief Executive Officer
Muhammad Zubair Mughal Chief Executive Officer

... the promotion of Islamic Microfinance as tool of financial inclusion and social development like Islamic Development Bank, GIZ, USAID, UKAID, IFAD and other agencies. Recently, the Govt. of Pakistan provides Qarz-e-Hassan (Soft Loans) to Islamic Microfinance institutions as well ...
folk islam in east africa
folk islam in east africa

... built by Adam, and was destroyed in the flood). The pilgrimage itself was part of the early pagan idolatry, as was kissing the black stone and circling the Kaaba . The part of the pilgrimage involving running between the two mountains and activities at Arafat were pre-lslamic practices related to pa ...
FAQ - Shiraz University
FAQ - Shiraz University

... There are thousands of books written about Imamate, some of them have more than hundred volumes. But, for the purpose of going ahead progressively, I would like to introduce several single volume books for the moment: Asl-alshia and principles (osool-ha), by Allameh Mohammad Hossein Kashef-al-gheta. ...
Conceptions of War in Islamic Legal Theory and Practice
Conceptions of War in Islamic Legal Theory and Practice

... war have not necessarily been uniform.30 Clearly, the interaction between theory and practice has not been strictly unidirectional; if early practice influenced theory, this theory may have shaped later practice.31 Regardless of the exact pattern of development, it is certain that Islamic practice r ...
The First Pillar of Islam: Shahadah
The First Pillar of Islam: Shahadah

... Muslim. It is the pillar on which all the other pillars are based. However, it is not enough just to believe it. You must act on what you believe. ...
Raheel Raza PDF - Muslims Facing Tomorrow
Raheel Raza PDF - Muslims Facing Tomorrow

... physically harm me. I have to add that both my sons have stood as bodyguards when I speak about controversial issues and they worry more than me.” Moving on to political views, Raheel does not call for a complete ban on immigration from Iran and Pakistan but emphasises on a moratorium on these two c ...
Wahhabism in the Balkans
Wahhabism in the Balkans

... boundaries of the kingdom. Saudi wealth, fuelled by petrodollars, represents only one side of the coin. The export of Wahhabism is an equally significant factor. As the influence of groups such as the Egyptian-based Muslim Brotherhood increased, governments in the Middle East cracked down on their a ...
ShARIA CRIMINAl lAW – STRuCTuRE ANd INfluENCE
ShARIA CRIMINAl lAW – STRuCTuRE ANd INfluENCE

... Next hadd category crime is the accusation of an adultery, which was not supported by any statements from at least four witnesses. Koran provide the following punishment: “hose, who accuse women, but cannot provide four witnesses, are punished by eighty lashes (…)”20. Interesting is that the most pr ...
Modernism in Islam
Modernism in Islam

... spreading these days to one sect in the past. This sect is called the Mutazila, which is dated back to the third Islamic century. Although those people accepted the Qur'an and Sunnah they made ta'weel (their own interpretation of the Qur'an) and said 'aql (intelligence) takes precedence over naql (g ...
Religious Minorities in Iran: Baha`is, Jews, and the Islamic State
Religious Minorities in Iran: Baha`is, Jews, and the Islamic State

... representatives) were clergy members and over 50 were members of the Islamic Republican Party (Price 2005, 311). Islamic National Construction through the Constitution The Iranian constitution first asserts Shi’a Islam as the framework with which to construct the nation through several articles in ...
Politics or piety? Why the Muslim Brotherhood engages in social
Politics or piety? Why the Muslim Brotherhood engages in social

... pathway to power cannot explain the resilience of social service provision over decades of repression and restriction. From 1977, when the Islamic Medical Association was founded, to the eve of the January 25, 2011 revolution, there was never a point in Egypt where it was even remotely conceivable t ...
The Shahada Explained
The Shahada Explained

... English: I bear witness that (or I testify that) there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God. The Shahada is the first Pillar of Islam and is often cited as the most important of the Five Pillars. The Shahada is the Islamic Creed or profession of faith and must be recited correctly ...
Jihad: A Uniting Force
Jihad: A Uniting Force

... The history and origins of jihad are found in the Qur’an and the teachings of the Prophet Mohammad who died in 632 AD. Throughout the Qur’an there are several references to jihad as a personal and inner struggle to become a better person. The Islamic faith is based upon striving for a life that is w ...
The 5th Pillar of Islam
The 5th Pillar of Islam

... After the Stoning of the Devil, pilgrims typically shave their heads and perform animal sacrifices, to symbolize God having mercy on Abraham and replacing his son with a ram, which Abraham then sacrificed. Traditionally the pilgrims slaughtered the animal themselves, or oversaw the slaughtering. Tod ...
The concept of Ummah and its need
The concept of Ummah and its need

... concepts of freedom have made us forget about this aspect of forbidding the wrong altogether. Some Muslims consider themselves free based on the argument that there is no compulsion in religion and we have the right to interpret, reinterpret and if necessary invent in the light of human agency. Desp ...
Teacher`s Guide - 4J Blog Server
Teacher`s Guide - 4J Blog Server

... Uthman's murder provoked the first civil war in the Muslim empire. Ali, the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, had been brought up by Muhammad, and had been the first person after Muhammad's wife Khadija to become a Muslim. He acted as a decoy when the Quraysh had plotted to assasinate the Prophet, en ...
Female sufism in Central Asia: from poetry to music
Female sufism in Central Asia: from poetry to music

... Discussion of the question of the female role in sufism would not be complete without citing the famous expert in Muslim culture, Professor Annemarie Schimmel. In her book Mystical dimensions of Islam she notes that "sufism, more than stern orthodoxy, offered women a certain amount of possibilities ...
Facebook as Social Media Tools among Muslim Youths in Malaysia
Facebook as Social Media Tools among Muslim Youths in Malaysia

... but in Malaysia, the Youth Society and Youth Development Act 2007 defines as those who are aged between 15 and 40-years-old. Griffin (1997: 97) points out that youth are “treated as a key indicator of the state of the nation itself.” However, in the National Youth Policy in Malaysia which was formul ...
The Religious Foundations of Suicide Bombings
The Religious Foundations of Suicide Bombings

... ‘Azzam was a major intellectual influence upon Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda.[54] In his book Knights under the Banner of the Prophet, bin Laden's number two, Ayman al-Zawahiri, identified his organization's goals as da'wa and violent jihad against both an "internal enemy," i.e., existing Arab infid ...
Modernist Writing on WiCRam Montgomery `Watt
Modernist Writing on WiCRam Montgomery `Watt

... violence, self indulgence, moral and sexual weakness especially in connection with the practice of Prophet Muhammad who was popularly identified with the devil. Though he further highlighted the efforts of various scholars who could correct more gross and enormous distortion resulting into positive ...
Islam, Colonialism and Modern Science during the Nineteenth Century
Islam, Colonialism and Modern Science during the Nineteenth Century

... politics and culture. Colonialism unleashed a process exposing Indian intellectuals, with diverse religious and cultural backgrounds to modern scientific ideas. In other words, the reception of modern science embedded in the rationalizing discourse of Baconian epistemology among the Indian people wa ...
Islam Jeopardy
Islam Jeopardy

... These were known as teachings of Jesus and the Catholic Religion ...
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Islam in Indonesia



Indonesia is constitutionally a secular state (but the government officially recognizes only six formal religions), with Islam being the dominant religion in the country. Indonesia also has a larger Muslim population than any other country in the world, with approximately 202.9 million identifying themselves as Muslim (87.2% of Indonesia's total population in 2011).Based on demographical statistics, 99% of Indonesian Muslims mainly follow the Shafi'i school of Sunni jurisprudence, although when asked, 56% does not adhere to any specific denomination. There are around one million Shias (0.5%), who are concentrated around Jakarta, and about 400,000 Ahmadi Muslims (0.2%). The remaining 0.3% are adherents of other branches including Wahhabism/Salafism etc. In general, Muslims in Indonesia can be categorized in terms of two orientations: ""modernists"" who closely adhere to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, ""traditionalists,"" who tend to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools (pesantren).
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