Concept of immune system 144KB 06.09.2016
... immune complexes may deposit in tissues or blood vessels, and elicit an acute inflammatory reaction by activating complement, with release of breakdown products, or by engaging Fc receptors of leukocytes. The inflammatory reaction causes tissue injury.Antibodies can bind to cell surface receptors or ...
... immune complexes may deposit in tissues or blood vessels, and elicit an acute inflammatory reaction by activating complement, with release of breakdown products, or by engaging Fc receptors of leukocytes. The inflammatory reaction causes tissue injury.Antibodies can bind to cell surface receptors or ...
Document
... involves B cells and helper T cells as well as proteins on the surface of pathogens • In response to cytokines from helper T cells and an antigen, a B cell proliferates and differentiates into memory B cells and antibodysecreting effector cells called plasma cells ...
... involves B cells and helper T cells as well as proteins on the surface of pathogens • In response to cytokines from helper T cells and an antigen, a B cell proliferates and differentiates into memory B cells and antibodysecreting effector cells called plasma cells ...
BIOL212ImmuneSystemNotes
... Chitin exoskeleton & chitin based lining of digestive system: barriers Lysozyme: an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls Hemocytes circulate within hemolymph: phagocytosis, the ingestion and digestion of foreign substances including bacteria Hemocytes also secrete antimicrobial peptides that ...
... Chitin exoskeleton & chitin based lining of digestive system: barriers Lysozyme: an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls Hemocytes circulate within hemolymph: phagocytosis, the ingestion and digestion of foreign substances including bacteria Hemocytes also secrete antimicrobial peptides that ...
Fulltext PDF
... invaders and eat them. Most invaders get eaten and digested quite submissively, but the evasive strategies we talked about allow some parasites to turn the tables on these cells and infect them instead. Although the list of phagocytic cell types includes the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic and the eo ...
... invaders and eat them. Most invaders get eaten and digested quite submissively, but the evasive strategies we talked about allow some parasites to turn the tables on these cells and infect them instead. Although the list of phagocytic cell types includes the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic and the eo ...
Four Types of Adaptive Immunity
... now bound to MHC back to the surface of the cell. B cell is now sensitized. 3. A TH2 cell specific for the antigen recognizes and binds to the antigen in the Class II MHC and becomes activated. 4. The activated TH2 cell secretes cytokines on the B cell. 5. Cytokines activate the B cell. 6. The activ ...
... now bound to MHC back to the surface of the cell. B cell is now sensitized. 3. A TH2 cell specific for the antigen recognizes and binds to the antigen in the Class II MHC and becomes activated. 4. The activated TH2 cell secretes cytokines on the B cell. 5. Cytokines activate the B cell. 6. The activ ...
Sensory and Immune systems
... as the endoplasmic reticulum, an extension of the nucleus where the cell’s proteins are synthesized. The cell body gives rise to two kinds of processes: several short dendrites and one, long, tubular axon. These processes vary in number & relative length but always serve to conduct impulses (with de ...
... as the endoplasmic reticulum, an extension of the nucleus where the cell’s proteins are synthesized. The cell body gives rise to two kinds of processes: several short dendrites and one, long, tubular axon. These processes vary in number & relative length but always serve to conduct impulses (with de ...
Hypersensitivities, Autoimmune Diseases, and Immune Deficiencies
... and macrophages to produce a slowly developing inflammatory response Macrophages ingest and destroy the tuberculin, allowing the tissue to return to normal ...
... and macrophages to produce a slowly developing inflammatory response Macrophages ingest and destroy the tuberculin, allowing the tissue to return to normal ...
antigen processing and presentation
... T cells recognize peptide fragments which have been processed and presented by MHC molecules on APC. The MHC class I and class II molecules present peptides derived from endogenous and exogenous antigens, respectively. CD4 cells recognize antigen plus class II MHC molecules while CD8 cells recognize ...
... T cells recognize peptide fragments which have been processed and presented by MHC molecules on APC. The MHC class I and class II molecules present peptides derived from endogenous and exogenous antigens, respectively. CD4 cells recognize antigen plus class II MHC molecules while CD8 cells recognize ...
The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... with a specific type of antigen. Each (2) consists of a group of lymphocytes with identical antigen-binding receptors. The adaptive immune response begins with (3) of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage. Once inside the antigen-presenting cell, the antigen is broken down, a ...
... with a specific type of antigen. Each (2) consists of a group of lymphocytes with identical antigen-binding receptors. The adaptive immune response begins with (3) of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage. Once inside the antigen-presenting cell, the antigen is broken down, a ...
Structure and Function of Leukopoietic Tissue
... neutrophils enter the tissues where they are attracted by chemotactic stimuli released after tissue injury and during an inflammatory response. In the tissues, the neutrophils participate in phagocytosis (opsonization helps). Upon phagocytosis of the microorganism into a phagocytic vacuole, a plas ...
... neutrophils enter the tissues where they are attracted by chemotactic stimuli released after tissue injury and during an inflammatory response. In the tissues, the neutrophils participate in phagocytosis (opsonization helps). Upon phagocytosis of the microorganism into a phagocytic vacuole, a plas ...
MATRNAL FETAL RELATIONSHIP AND THE Rh BLOODGROUP
... by the mother are growth factors for the placenta so the placenta pushes for allorecognition by T cells to use their growth factors for it self. Allorecognition causes IgG2 cytotoxic antibodies production and complement activation. Placenta sends complement regulatory proteins like DAF (decay ac ...
... by the mother are growth factors for the placenta so the placenta pushes for allorecognition by T cells to use their growth factors for it self. Allorecognition causes IgG2 cytotoxic antibodies production and complement activation. Placenta sends complement regulatory proteins like DAF (decay ac ...
Cell Type
... http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/antibody/structure.html There are millions of different populations of B-cells in the body, each population binds to specific antigens circulating in the blood stream and becomes activated ...
... http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/antibody/structure.html There are millions of different populations of B-cells in the body, each population binds to specific antigens circulating in the blood stream and becomes activated ...
Janeway`s Immunology - Cal State LA
... Release granules upon receptor cross-linking Role in defense against parasites, allergy ...
... Release granules upon receptor cross-linking Role in defense against parasites, allergy ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... monocytes and macrophages secrete cytokines1 that help regulate immune system activity. • Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and eliminate cells in the body that have been infected by parasites or that have turned into cancer cells. Alcohol’s Effects on Phagocytic cells: During an inflammatory resp ...
... monocytes and macrophages secrete cytokines1 that help regulate immune system activity. • Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and eliminate cells in the body that have been infected by parasites or that have turned into cancer cells. Alcohol’s Effects on Phagocytic cells: During an inflammatory resp ...
Cardiovascular System
... 5. Plasma cells then secrete specific antibodies (at a rate of 2000/sec per cell) that enter circulation and bind to the surface proteins of the specific antigen. 6. The remaining B cells that don’t change into plasma cells remain as memory B cells ...
... 5. Plasma cells then secrete specific antibodies (at a rate of 2000/sec per cell) that enter circulation and bind to the surface proteins of the specific antigen. 6. The remaining B cells that don’t change into plasma cells remain as memory B cells ...
Presentation
... Principles of lymphocyte activation • Lymphocytes are normally in a resting state in lymphoid organs and circulation • Rapid response to antigen (activation) --> proliferation, change to functionally active effector cells (differentiation) • Migration to tissues, where they perform their function o ...
... Principles of lymphocyte activation • Lymphocytes are normally in a resting state in lymphoid organs and circulation • Rapid response to antigen (activation) --> proliferation, change to functionally active effector cells (differentiation) • Migration to tissues, where they perform their function o ...
Mr. B: Health 2 Chapter 23 Lesson 3 Notes Today`s Objectives
... ______________________ membranes form a ____________________ lining for your mouth, nose, and many other parts of your body. These membranes ________________ pathogens and _________________ them to other parts of the body for disposal. ...
... ______________________ membranes form a ____________________ lining for your mouth, nose, and many other parts of your body. These membranes ________________ pathogens and _________________ them to other parts of the body for disposal. ...
Cells of the Immune System-I
... - Macrophage & DCs => Ag presentation - Granulocytes (PMNs) - NK cells 3. Key cells in Adaptive immune responses include - B lymphocytes => Ab => Extracellular bacteria - Several T cell types => Fight intracellular microbes & Regulate the program of an immune response 4. Primary lymphoid organs (BM ...
... - Macrophage & DCs => Ag presentation - Granulocytes (PMNs) - NK cells 3. Key cells in Adaptive immune responses include - B lymphocytes => Ab => Extracellular bacteria - Several T cell types => Fight intracellular microbes & Regulate the program of an immune response 4. Primary lymphoid organs (BM ...
Connective tissue mast cells
... obtained by vaccination of volunteers, or commercially prepared sets of typing serums (monoclonal antibodies)) Principle - the incubation of lymphocytes with typing serums in the presence of rabbit complement, then is added the vital dye which stained dead cells - cells carrying a specific HLA are k ...
... obtained by vaccination of volunteers, or commercially prepared sets of typing serums (monoclonal antibodies)) Principle - the incubation of lymphocytes with typing serums in the presence of rabbit complement, then is added the vital dye which stained dead cells - cells carrying a specific HLA are k ...
BLA Biology (2016-17)
... 3. Helper T- Cell recognizes antigen on the surface of the macrophage and becomes active. 4. Active Helper T-Cell activates Cytotoxic T-Cells and B-Cells. 5. Cytotoxic T-Cells divide into Active Cytotoxic T-cells and Memory T – Cells. 6. Active Cytotoxic T-Cells kill infected cells. 7. At the same t ...
... 3. Helper T- Cell recognizes antigen on the surface of the macrophage and becomes active. 4. Active Helper T-Cell activates Cytotoxic T-Cells and B-Cells. 5. Cytotoxic T-Cells divide into Active Cytotoxic T-cells and Memory T – Cells. 6. Active Cytotoxic T-Cells kill infected cells. 7. At the same t ...
CHAPTER 19 Natural Defenses Against Disease
... • some cells and molecules leave the blood and enter the lymphatic system • cells and molecules of the blood and lymph monitor the body and respond to pathogens ...
... • some cells and molecules leave the blood and enter the lymphatic system • cells and molecules of the blood and lymph monitor the body and respond to pathogens ...
Biochemical Studies on the Carrier State in the
... The pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in man has been ascribed to a breakdown in normal control mechanisms. In order to test this theory we have looked for evidence for a host reaction to the abnormal cells which are prominent in the blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis, a self limited p ...
... The pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in man has been ascribed to a breakdown in normal control mechanisms. In order to test this theory we have looked for evidence for a host reaction to the abnormal cells which are prominent in the blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis, a self limited p ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.