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PHYS 632 Lecture 6: Current and Resistance
PHYS 632 Lecture 6: Current and Resistance

... 1. HRW6 27.TB.08. [119812] Current is a measure of: amount of charge that moves past a point per unit time force that moves a charge past a point energy used to move a charge past a point speed with which a charge moves past a point resistance to the movement of a charge past a point 2. HRW6 27.TB.1 ...
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... They require less amplification and the circuit is simple. Very short pulses require the use of much faster photo diodes which need higher amplification.) Thus, a single OP for each beam (LM358-dual OP) is used to amplify the short IR pulses. Due to the very limited band width of the LM358 IC, the a ...
Modulated submillimeter laser interferometer system for plasma
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... pair of optically pumped lasers oscillating at slightly different frequencies. The large number of wavelengths available from such lasers provides great versatility, and systems of this type may prove applicable to a wide range of plasma experiments. The modulation scheme based on difference frequen ...


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... Trapped atomic ions have proven useful in a variety of fundamental and applied physics experiments. The beryllium ion (9 Be+ ) in particular has been used for quantum information processing [1,2], quantum simulation [3], quantum logic spectroscopy for optical atomic clocks [4,5], as well as sympathe ...
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... require precise tuning of the laser frequency; hence one does not need an additional high-voltage controller for the laser. The purpose of this lab is to understand the basic principles of Fabry-Perot cavities and to examine some of their properties. A first exercise is to set up the cavity with a r ...
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... are utilized in laser gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO [1]. The mirrors in these Fabry-Perot cavities are suspended from wires and therefore are free to move along the direction of beam propagation. Ambient seismic motion excites the mirrors, causing them to swing like pendulums with freque ...
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Klystron



A klystron is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by American electrical engineers Russell and Sigurd Varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from UHF up into the microwave range. Low-power klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay communications links, while high-power klystrons are used as output tubes in UHF television transmitters, satellite communication, and radar transmitters, and to generate the drive power for modern particle accelerators.In the klystron, an electron beam interacts with the radio waves as it passes through resonant cavities, metal boxes along the length of the tube. The electron beam first passes through a cavity to which the input signal is applied. The energy of the electron beam amplifies the signal, and the amplified signal is taken from a cavity at the other end of the tube. The output signal can be coupled back into the input cavity to make an electronic oscillator to generate radio waves. The gain of klystrons can be high, 60 dB (one million) or more, with output power up to tens of megawatts, but the bandwidth is narrow, usually a few percent although it can be up to 10% in some devices.A reflex klystron is an obsolete type in which the electron beam was reflected back along its path by a high potential electrode, used as an oscillator.The name klystron comes from the stem form κλυσ- (klys) of a Greek verb referring to the action of waves breaking against a shore, and the suffix -τρον (""tron"") meaning the place where the action happens. The name ""klystron"" was suggested by Hermann Fränkel, a professor in the classics department at Stanford University when the klystron was under development.
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