Chapter 12: Electron multiplier tubes and ion detectors
... An electron multiplier tube is operated in a vacuum, and the ions, electrons, VUV radiation, or soft X-rays to be detected are guided so as to enter the first dynode. The first dynode excited by such particles or radiation emits secondary electrons or photoelectrons. These generated electrons are mu ...
... An electron multiplier tube is operated in a vacuum, and the ions, electrons, VUV radiation, or soft X-rays to be detected are guided so as to enter the first dynode. The first dynode excited by such particles or radiation emits secondary electrons or photoelectrons. These generated electrons are mu ...
Influence of thin film on the electrical properties of pulsed plasmas
... with working frequency of 26.5 GHz and 1µs time resolution. It yields the line-of-sight averaged electron density. The details of the experimental setup can be found in [1]. b) Course of the experiment The chamber was previously cleaned by sputtering the electrodes by oxygen plasma. The first measur ...
... with working frequency of 26.5 GHz and 1µs time resolution. It yields the line-of-sight averaged electron density. The details of the experimental setup can be found in [1]. b) Course of the experiment The chamber was previously cleaned by sputtering the electrodes by oxygen plasma. The first measur ...
Electricity Review Sheet Solutions
... the negatively charged object to be shared with Object A, so object A becomes negatively charged. III. Induction charging causes Object A to be oppositely charge, so using a positive object induces a negative charge on Object A. IV. Object A can be attracted to a negatively charged object if it oppo ...
... the negatively charged object to be shared with Object A, so object A becomes negatively charged. III. Induction charging causes Object A to be oppositely charge, so using a positive object induces a negative charge on Object A. IV. Object A can be attracted to a negatively charged object if it oppo ...
beam coupling impedance
... The cross section is optimized by simulating a slice, orthogonal to the length of the striplines, and applying the appropriate boundary conditions, by using HFSS. Three possible electrode cross sections have been considered for the design of the striplines: all of them have a cylindrical stripline ...
... The cross section is optimized by simulating a slice, orthogonal to the length of the striplines, and applying the appropriate boundary conditions, by using HFSS. Three possible electrode cross sections have been considered for the design of the striplines: all of them have a cylindrical stripline ...
CURRENT LIMITING MECHANISMS IN ELECTRON AND ION
... (horizontal axis) and energy (vertical axis), with high fluxes encoded with dark gray or black, and low or zero fluxes encoded as white. The plotted value is the biased log, 1000x Logjo (count rate +10). Hence, zero counts gives a biased log of 1000, 105 counts gives a biased log of 5000. Data from ...
... (horizontal axis) and energy (vertical axis), with high fluxes encoded with dark gray or black, and low or zero fluxes encoded as white. The plotted value is the biased log, 1000x Logjo (count rate +10). Hence, zero counts gives a biased log of 1000, 105 counts gives a biased log of 5000. Data from ...
R?wäì YN
... ceiver to said electronic device for applying re ceived echo pulses to said device for releasing said means responsive to said oscillations of decreased applied charges, and means for deriving from said 5 frequency for transmitting pulses including a charges currents corresponding in frequency to ca ...
... ceiver to said electronic device for applying re ceived echo pulses to said device for releasing said means responsive to said oscillations of decreased applied charges, and means for deriving from said 5 frequency for transmitting pulses including a charges currents corresponding in frequency to ca ...
Design of Micro Resistor Beam through COMSOL Simulation Software
... deformation is carried out for two different input potentials. In second step deformations are carried out for aluminum and silver metallic beams replacing copper material for similar input potentials. Feet of the copper beam at both ends are rigidly bond to a substrate and electric potential is app ...
... deformation is carried out for two different input potentials. In second step deformations are carried out for aluminum and silver metallic beams replacing copper material for similar input potentials. Feet of the copper beam at both ends are rigidly bond to a substrate and electric potential is app ...
04st_q
... 8. Figure 8.1 shows the apparatus using crossed magnetic and electric fields to measure the charge-to-mass ratio of electron. The cathode-ray tube has a cathode C and an anode A with a horizontal collimating slit, from which the electrons emerge in a narrow beam. Figure 8.1 ...
... 8. Figure 8.1 shows the apparatus using crossed magnetic and electric fields to measure the charge-to-mass ratio of electron. The cathode-ray tube has a cathode C and an anode A with a horizontal collimating slit, from which the electrons emerge in a narrow beam. Figure 8.1 ...
Klystron
A klystron is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by American electrical engineers Russell and Sigurd Varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from UHF up into the microwave range. Low-power klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay communications links, while high-power klystrons are used as output tubes in UHF television transmitters, satellite communication, and radar transmitters, and to generate the drive power for modern particle accelerators.In the klystron, an electron beam interacts with the radio waves as it passes through resonant cavities, metal boxes along the length of the tube. The electron beam first passes through a cavity to which the input signal is applied. The energy of the electron beam amplifies the signal, and the amplified signal is taken from a cavity at the other end of the tube. The output signal can be coupled back into the input cavity to make an electronic oscillator to generate radio waves. The gain of klystrons can be high, 60 dB (one million) or more, with output power up to tens of megawatts, but the bandwidth is narrow, usually a few percent although it can be up to 10% in some devices.A reflex klystron is an obsolete type in which the electron beam was reflected back along its path by a high potential electrode, used as an oscillator.The name klystron comes from the stem form κλυσ- (klys) of a Greek verb referring to the action of waves breaking against a shore, and the suffix -τρον (""tron"") meaning the place where the action happens. The name ""klystron"" was suggested by Hermann Fränkel, a professor in the classics department at Stanford University when the klystron was under development.