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... high frequency noise (from 5 lp/cm to the Nyquist frequency) unchanged. This trend is also quantitatively spotted out by the evaluation of the mean frequency of the spectra, which decreases for higher iDose levels (Table 1). For each level, the mAs equivalent values are reported in Table 1. In the c ...
module2 - SNGCE DIGITAL LIBRARY
module2 - SNGCE DIGITAL LIBRARY

... achieved for the op-amp and the output voltage V0 = Vi. When Vi < 0, the voltage V0A becomes negative and the diode is reverse biased. The loop is then broken and the output V0 = 0. Let the open loop gain A of the op-amp is approximately 104 and the cut-in voltage Vγ for silicon diode is ≈ 0.7V. Wh ...
ADA4417-3 数据手册DataSheet 下载
ADA4417-3 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance ...
Matthew Evans` slides  - Ph237
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... What is Lock Acquisition? » The process by which an uncontrolled interferometer is brought to its operating point. (Relative mirror motions are reduced by more than 6 orders of magnitude.) ...
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... References ........................................................................................ 13 ...
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Modulated He-Ne laser 0,5.1mW CAUTION
Modulated He-Ne laser 0,5.1mW CAUTION

... established via the loudspeaker socket, but increasing the volume too much will lead to distortion. For the purpose of achieving the most convincing results, this laser has been equipped with a stabilized power supply with an extremely low noise level. Beware of magnetic fields: Unfavourable circums ...
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... number of applications. MEMS devices are found, for instance, in a variety of hand-held electronic devices, often as accelerometers [1], microphones [2] or pressure sensors [3]. Recently, MEMS have been proposed for energy harvesting applications [4], ultra-high resolution mass sensors [5] and as a ...
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Experiment No. 1. X

... 3. The types of ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation is a flux of subatomic particles (e. g. photons, electrons, positrons, protons, neutrons, nuclei, etc.) that cause ionization of atoms of the medium through which the particles pass. Ionization means the removal of electrons from atoms of the med ...
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... creates problems of long term reliability and heat dissipation. New device designs, new materials, and lower voltages are being employed to make the next generation of devices. One extremely important area of semiconductor technology is the field of telecommunications. The new "Information Super Hig ...
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... Resonant sensors are an excellent choice for strain sensing because of their inherently high strain sensitivity for a given gauge length (Lg). As a result they are capable of measuring small strain fields with high accuracy [2]. The DETF sensor presented in this work has a resonant frequency of 217k ...
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Generation of continuous and pulsed diagnostic imaging x
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... deliver stable currents comparable to the values used in conventional x-ray tubes 共10–50 mA for fixed anode and 50– 500 mA for rotating anode tubes兲. Diamond emitters are in general unstable at current densities higher than 30 mA/cm2.3 CNTs can potentially produce a much higher emission current. It ...
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Klystron



A klystron is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by American electrical engineers Russell and Sigurd Varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from UHF up into the microwave range. Low-power klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay communications links, while high-power klystrons are used as output tubes in UHF television transmitters, satellite communication, and radar transmitters, and to generate the drive power for modern particle accelerators.In the klystron, an electron beam interacts with the radio waves as it passes through resonant cavities, metal boxes along the length of the tube. The electron beam first passes through a cavity to which the input signal is applied. The energy of the electron beam amplifies the signal, and the amplified signal is taken from a cavity at the other end of the tube. The output signal can be coupled back into the input cavity to make an electronic oscillator to generate radio waves. The gain of klystrons can be high, 60 dB (one million) or more, with output power up to tens of megawatts, but the bandwidth is narrow, usually a few percent although it can be up to 10% in some devices.A reflex klystron is an obsolete type in which the electron beam was reflected back along its path by a high potential electrode, used as an oscillator.The name klystron comes from the stem form κλυσ- (klys) of a Greek verb referring to the action of waves breaking against a shore, and the suffix -τρον (""tron"") meaning the place where the action happens. The name ""klystron"" was suggested by Hermann Fränkel, a professor in the classics department at Stanford University when the klystron was under development.
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