Molecular basis of learning in the hippocampus and the amygdala
... just like LTP can be induced by activation of NMDAR or mGluR. What’s more is this opposite state also depends on calcium ions entry to a cell (Kemp et al., 2007).One hypothesis claims that the difference between activation of these processes is in the level of Ca2+which enters to cytoplasm. In this ...
... just like LTP can be induced by activation of NMDAR or mGluR. What’s more is this opposite state also depends on calcium ions entry to a cell (Kemp et al., 2007).One hypothesis claims that the difference between activation of these processes is in the level of Ca2+which enters to cytoplasm. In this ...
Genomic Tagging of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator
... protein whose main enzymatic activity is ubiquitylation of other proteins. Ubiquitylation is a process of covalent attachment of small, 76-amino acid, 8.5 kDa protein moieties called ubiquitin onto specific lysine residues of the target protein (17). Addition of only a couple of ubiquitin molecules ...
... protein whose main enzymatic activity is ubiquitylation of other proteins. Ubiquitylation is a process of covalent attachment of small, 76-amino acid, 8.5 kDa protein moieties called ubiquitin onto specific lysine residues of the target protein (17). Addition of only a couple of ubiquitin molecules ...
Doehrty-McMahon 2009
... CME is the only major mechanism by which endocytosis occurs, for many years, the term receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) has been used, often synonymously with CME. Owing to the clarity beginning to emerge from studies of endocytic events, we urge abandonment of the term RME because methods are rea ...
... CME is the only major mechanism by which endocytosis occurs, for many years, the term receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) has been used, often synonymously with CME. Owing to the clarity beginning to emerge from studies of endocytic events, we urge abandonment of the term RME because methods are rea ...
Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... understanding of multiple functions of mammalian Pex5p. In mammals, two types of Pex5p isoforms have been identified: a shorter one (Pex5pS) and a longer one (Pex5pL) with a 37amino acid insertion at the N-terminal region [9,10]. By using a Pex5 CHO mutant, ZP105, defective in both PTS1 and PTS2 imp ...
... understanding of multiple functions of mammalian Pex5p. In mammals, two types of Pex5p isoforms have been identified: a shorter one (Pex5pS) and a longer one (Pex5pL) with a 37amino acid insertion at the N-terminal region [9,10]. By using a Pex5 CHO mutant, ZP105, defective in both PTS1 and PTS2 imp ...
The Cdk inhibitors p25rum1 and p40SIC1 are functional
... inhibitors (CKI). These are proteins that induce cell cycle arrest or delay in response to intracellular or extracellular signals. In mammalian cells, addition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) arrests the cultures in late G1 (Laiho et al., 1990). A similar situation occurs in budding yeast aft ...
... inhibitors (CKI). These are proteins that induce cell cycle arrest or delay in response to intracellular or extracellular signals. In mammalian cells, addition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) arrests the cultures in late G1 (Laiho et al., 1990). A similar situation occurs in budding yeast aft ...
binding, internalization, and retrograde transport of `251
... the actions of NGF in target cells. It may be that plasma using modified 35-mm culture dishes (Hawrot and Patmembrane-localized binding of NGF mediates a set of terson, 1979; Hawrot, 1980). The growth of non-neuronal rapid responses, such as the efflux of Na+ ions (Skaper cells was prevented by trea ...
... the actions of NGF in target cells. It may be that plasma using modified 35-mm culture dishes (Hawrot and Patmembrane-localized binding of NGF mediates a set of terson, 1979; Hawrot, 1980). The growth of non-neuronal rapid responses, such as the efflux of Na+ ions (Skaper cells was prevented by trea ...
Regulation of transcription by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14-3
... introduction of a mutated bmh2 allele [24]. We used this mutant to identify extragenic suppressor mutations bypassing the requirement of active 14-3-3 proteins. Recessive mutations in RTG3 and SIN4 resulted in growth at the restrictive temperature. RTG3 encodes a basic helix–loop–helix transcription ...
... introduction of a mutated bmh2 allele [24]. We used this mutant to identify extragenic suppressor mutations bypassing the requirement of active 14-3-3 proteins. Recessive mutations in RTG3 and SIN4 resulted in growth at the restrictive temperature. RTG3 encodes a basic helix–loop–helix transcription ...
Citron-Kinase, a Protein Essential to Cytokinesis in Neuronal
... The flathead gene is a null mutant allele of Citron-K To identify candidate genes that may contain the flathead mutation, we examined the region of human chromosome 12 between Nos-1 and TCF-1, the region syntenic to the region of rat chromosome 12 where we previously mapped the flathead mutation (Cogsw ...
... The flathead gene is a null mutant allele of Citron-K To identify candidate genes that may contain the flathead mutation, we examined the region of human chromosome 12 between Nos-1 and TCF-1, the region syntenic to the region of rat chromosome 12 where we previously mapped the flathead mutation (Cogsw ...
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development
... phosphor-peptide-binding modules, which play roles in diverse cellular processes by interacting with proteins, such as mitotic spindle regulatory protein LDN [25]. ZO1 and DLG5 lack residues essential for phosphate recognition in their GUK domain [11]. Studies have revealed that DLG5, DLG1 and ZO1 h ...
... phosphor-peptide-binding modules, which play roles in diverse cellular processes by interacting with proteins, such as mitotic spindle regulatory protein LDN [25]. ZO1 and DLG5 lack residues essential for phosphate recognition in their GUK domain [11]. Studies have revealed that DLG5, DLG1 and ZO1 h ...
Cold-Shock Response in Microorganisms
... The term “cold shock” refers to the exposure of an organism to a sudden decrease in temperature, and the cellular response to this is termed the “cold-shock response."Earth’s biosphere ranges in temperature from above 100 °C to below 0 °C. However, the bulk of the biosphere is cold (e.g., most of th ...
... The term “cold shock” refers to the exposure of an organism to a sudden decrease in temperature, and the cellular response to this is termed the “cold-shock response."Earth’s biosphere ranges in temperature from above 100 °C to below 0 °C. However, the bulk of the biosphere is cold (e.g., most of th ...
Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation
... A noteworthy feature of ribosomes is that they can be formed in vitro by self-assembly of their RNA and protein constituents. As first described in 1968 by Masayasu Nomura, purified ribosomal proteins and rRNAs can be mixed together and, under appropriate conditions, will reform a functional riboso ...
... A noteworthy feature of ribosomes is that they can be formed in vitro by self-assembly of their RNA and protein constituents. As first described in 1968 by Masayasu Nomura, purified ribosomal proteins and rRNAs can be mixed together and, under appropriate conditions, will reform a functional riboso ...
Ca 2+
... Time is required for maximal twitch force to develop, because some shortening of sarcomeres must occur to stretch elastic elements of muscle before force can be transmitted through tendons. By the time this maximal force is developed, [Ca2+] and number of active crossbridges have greatly decreased ...
... Time is required for maximal twitch force to develop, because some shortening of sarcomeres must occur to stretch elastic elements of muscle before force can be transmitted through tendons. By the time this maximal force is developed, [Ca2+] and number of active crossbridges have greatly decreased ...
Vaccinia virus protein N2 is a nuclear IRF3 inhibitor
... Smith et al., 1997; Seet et al., 2003; Bowie & Unterholzner, 2008; Bahar et al., 2011). VACV also creates an immunosuppressive environment by the expression of an enzyme that synthesizes immunosuppressive steroid hormones (Moore & Smith, 1992; Reading et al., 2003). One group of intracellular protei ...
... Smith et al., 1997; Seet et al., 2003; Bowie & Unterholzner, 2008; Bahar et al., 2011). VACV also creates an immunosuppressive environment by the expression of an enzyme that synthesizes immunosuppressive steroid hormones (Moore & Smith, 1992; Reading et al., 2003). One group of intracellular protei ...
Neurophysiology – Action Potential, Nerve Impulse, and Synapses
... The distribution of ions inside and outside cell membranes is determined in part by channels in the membranes. Some channels are always open, others can be opened or closed. Channels can be selective i.e., a channel may allow one kind of ion to pass through and exclude other kinds. Potassium ions te ...
... The distribution of ions inside and outside cell membranes is determined in part by channels in the membranes. Some channels are always open, others can be opened or closed. Channels can be selective i.e., a channel may allow one kind of ion to pass through and exclude other kinds. Potassium ions te ...
Expression and purification of proteins using Strep
... chromatography. The best and simplest precaution is to add IBA’s Biolock (Biotin blocking solution) or stoichiometric amounts of avidin for irreversible masking prior to chromatography. Other solutions are removal via dialysis, ammonium sulfate precipitation or cross-flow filtration/concentration. T ...
... chromatography. The best and simplest precaution is to add IBA’s Biolock (Biotin blocking solution) or stoichiometric amounts of avidin for irreversible masking prior to chromatography. Other solutions are removal via dialysis, ammonium sulfate precipitation or cross-flow filtration/concentration. T ...
Positioning and differentiation of veins in the Drosophila wing
... *Address for reprints: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3TH, United Kingdom. FAX: 44 1223 333992. ...
... *Address for reprints: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3TH, United Kingdom. FAX: 44 1223 333992. ...
Nucleolar targeting of BN46/51 - Journal of Cell Science
... the axoneme arise from the distal surface of the basal body. In addition many basal bodies are associated with arrays of cytoplasmic microtubules (CMT). However, it is unclear where the MTOC activity lies that gives rise to these CMT. Basal bodies frequently exist as complexes with various accessory ...
... the axoneme arise from the distal surface of the basal body. In addition many basal bodies are associated with arrays of cytoplasmic microtubules (CMT). However, it is unclear where the MTOC activity lies that gives rise to these CMT. Basal bodies frequently exist as complexes with various accessory ...
Full Text - Plant and Cell Physiology
... polarity cues (Panigada et al. 2013). In plants Haspin has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as AtHaspin (Ashtiyani et al. 2011, Kurihara et al. 2011). The AtHaspin kinase domain shows rather low similarity (38%) to that of human Haspin; however, the amino acid residues that bind ATP and Mg2+ ...
... polarity cues (Panigada et al. 2013). In plants Haspin has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as AtHaspin (Ashtiyani et al. 2011, Kurihara et al. 2011). The AtHaspin kinase domain shows rather low similarity (38%) to that of human Haspin; however, the amino acid residues that bind ATP and Mg2+ ...
Studies of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and
... aquaculture species. Aquatic invertebrates such as oysters, crabs and even trematodes have also been found to be infected with IPNV. To these nonsalmonid species IPNV is only occasionally being pathogenic, meaning that in a clinical aspect these species function as carriers or reservoirs of virus is ...
... aquaculture species. Aquatic invertebrates such as oysters, crabs and even trematodes have also been found to be infected with IPNV. To these nonsalmonid species IPNV is only occasionally being pathogenic, meaning that in a clinical aspect these species function as carriers or reservoirs of virus is ...
Complexity of dopamine metabolism | Cell Communication and
... a) it favors binding of regulatory 14-3-3 protein which in turn stabilizes TH [61-63] b) it facilitates Ser 40 phosphorylation (hierarchical phosphorylation) [64-66]. Phosphorylated Ser 31 results in a lowered Km value for BH4 binding and a slight increase in activity, but this increase is only mino ...
... a) it favors binding of regulatory 14-3-3 protein which in turn stabilizes TH [61-63] b) it facilitates Ser 40 phosphorylation (hierarchical phosphorylation) [64-66]. Phosphorylated Ser 31 results in a lowered Km value for BH4 binding and a slight increase in activity, but this increase is only mino ...
Review on Dengue viral Replication, assembly and entry into the
... have been identified, and these molecules have been shown to interact with the E protein [18–24]. These attachment factors assist in concentrating the virus on the cell surface increasing its access to specific cellular receptor/s. Structural insight into the interaction of E with one of these attac ...
... have been identified, and these molecules have been shown to interact with the E protein [18–24]. These attachment factors assist in concentrating the virus on the cell surface increasing its access to specific cellular receptor/s. Structural insight into the interaction of E with one of these attac ...
1 Cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and regulation I. Structure and
... the enzyme activity to drop faster as well, indicating that the key to the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity is the amount of free cholesterol inside the cell. Knowing that the cell measured external cholesterol levels according to their affect on internal levels, Brown and Goldstein looked f ...
... the enzyme activity to drop faster as well, indicating that the key to the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity is the amount of free cholesterol inside the cell. Knowing that the cell measured external cholesterol levels according to their affect on internal levels, Brown and Goldstein looked f ...
Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cellular pH regulation
... channel opens, protons and ions equilibrate freely across the inner membrane, and osmotic disequilibrium ensues, resulting in swelling of the matrix space (reviewed in15). Because the inner membrane with its folded cristae has a larger surface area than the surrounding outer membrane, eventually mat ...
... channel opens, protons and ions equilibrate freely across the inner membrane, and osmotic disequilibrium ensues, resulting in swelling of the matrix space (reviewed in15). Because the inner membrane with its folded cristae has a larger surface area than the surrounding outer membrane, eventually mat ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.