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Syntax 1
Syntax 1

... a constituent. Exemple: Noun phrase • Grammatical relations Formalization of ideas from traditional grammar. Example: subject and object • Subcategorization and dependency relations Relations between words and phrases Example: Verb want followed by an infinitve verb NLP syntax_1 ...
An Evaluation of Microsoft Word 97’s Grammar Checker
An Evaluation of Microsoft Word 97’s Grammar Checker

... Grammar Checker does address two other less common pronoun case problems: what case to use after the verb to be and in comparisons. It deals very badly with the first problem but rather well with the second. The question of what pronoun should follow the verb to be is one that does not concern most ...
Transformational Generative Grammar for Various
Transformational Generative Grammar for Various

... a    ? can not be generated using the PSG only. However, in addition to PSG, if we use TGG, it is possible to generate such sentences. The PSG can generate the DS   a      only. From this DS, TRs can generate the interrogative sentence, i.e., the SS,   ...
Lexical Functional Grammar
Lexical Functional Grammar

... Phenomena that had been explained by the interaction of transformations are accounted for in LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical acco ...
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A

... constructions developed from locative expressions in Fula. First, a comparison of relevant features in the verbal systems of nine Fula dialects is given. S~cond, the dynamics of the verbal system of Fula is reconstructed through an analysis of these data. It is shown that the most significant and li ...
Lambrecht 2000
Lambrecht 2000

... for the purpose of (3), i.e. this sentence is of the PF type. There are no thematic role restrictions on the possible subject of a PF sentence. As we will see, this fact crucially distinguishes the PF from the SF category. It is important to acknowledge that (3) defines a construction, i.e. a grammat ...
On the Reciprocal in Ndebele - Nordic Journal of African Studies
On the Reciprocal in Ndebele - Nordic Journal of African Studies

... According to Lødrup (2011); “for a long time, one of the principal goals of generative grammar has been to derive syntactic information from semantic information. Lexical Functional Grammar’s contribution towards this goal is Lexical Mapping Theory”. LMT is a theory of the relation between thematic ...
The linguistic string parser*
The linguistic string parser*

... his coworkers have developed a formal system of grammars, called string adjunct grammars, which show formally the relation between the linguistic string structure and the transformational structure of sentences. s The string parser adds to linguistic string theory a computational form for the basic ...
Starting with complex primitives pays off: complicate locally, simplify
Starting with complex primitives pays off: complicate locally, simplify

... to be as complex as necessary to capture all the relevant information about a lexical item in the local domain of a primitive structure . The kinds of information that need to be localized are as follows: (a) a lexical item taken as a predicate has zero or more arguments, (b) the arguments need to s ...
The Normal Translation Algorithm in Transparent Intensional Logic
The Normal Translation Algorithm in Transparent Intensional Logic

... to be infeasible for non-artificial languages, most researches agree to splitting the process of analysis into three very basic levels — morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis (see the Figure 1.1). Each of these parts needs to have at its input the results of the previous ones. However, this ...
PC-Kimmo
PC-Kimmo

... Multiple Senses: when a word has several senses, how many dictionary entries should there be? Example, the word fair meaning (a) light coloured (b) impartial and (c) a festival. In general answer depends on purposes. Englex’s lexicon is a parsing lexicon, not a full dictionary, so it only distinguis ...
ascof -- a modular multilevel system for french
ascof -- a modular multilevel system for french

... It can be easily demonstrated that some other derivation attempts will not succeed; thus, for instance, if we try to apply rule 2 of GROUPING in order to arrive at a coordination of main clauses through the conjunction et, the second presumed main clause will not be completable since a verb phrase i ...
PPT 03 - McCorduck
PPT 03 - McCorduck

... One of the earliest transformations to be recognized was the passive transformation. To understand this transformation, it is necessary to understand the distinction between the two main voices in English, namely the active voice and the passive voice. The active voice is the “default” voice for Eng ...
Errors in the Coalface Grammar - Linguistics and English Language
Errors in the Coalface Grammar - Linguistics and English Language

... are meant: it is those `of Pretoria', with of Pretoria functioning as Qualifier. It won't do, then, to analyse the expression simply as a syntagm: we must describe the structure, namely `Deictic + Post-Deictic + Classifier + Thing + Qualifier'. (Functional grammar distinguishes notationally between ...
ENG 114 - University of Maiduguri
ENG 114 - University of Maiduguri

... Pronoun, Adverbs, Adjectives, Conjunctions, Preposition, Interjection. These traditional categories were taken over by prescriptive grammarians like John Wallis, Robert Lowth and Lindley Murray, thus helping to preserve an unbroken tradition of grammatical analysis. In addition, Traditional Grammar ...
Word - The Open University
Word - The Open University

... can provoke strong reactions. Another reason for considering grammar to be an important area of study is that, combined with vocabulary choice, it is our main way of making meaning. Linguists have studied the relationship between word and grammar choices on one hand and meaning or function on the ot ...
Nominalizations as a window into the structure and
Nominalizations as a window into the structure and

... • More precisely, modifiers in adjectival prefix-participles are licensed by the abduction of a “wellestablished” [Gehrke, 2015] verbal functional layer with which the structure and analysis of low adjectival participles could be extended in order to explain how the state denoted by the participle c ...
Child language acquisition: Why Universal Grammar doesn*t help
Child language acquisition: Why Universal Grammar doesn*t help

... Similarly, we do not use the term “Universal Grammar” to mean Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch’s (2002) faculty of language in either its broad sense (general learning mechanisms; the sensorimotor and conceptual systems) or its narrow sense (including only recursion). Neither do we use the term to mean som ...
HSK Grammatical relations Primus
HSK Grammatical relations Primus

... Cross-linguistically, case-based agreement is even less stable, since there are languages in which case plays no role in verb agreement, as discussed for Warlpiri later on. A challenge to case-based approaches to grammatical relations and to case theories in general is Icelandic. Icelandic has vario ...
Grammar Punk Primer
Grammar Punk Primer

... nor will it improve writing skills. Assimilation of the rules depends on using the rules. In other words, the rules need to be instilled through use—which means writing, lots and lots of writing, every single day. The Grammar Punk™ 9-12 Secondary Program system comes complete with one set of six spe ...
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive

... might also generate such sentences as: They called the girl up. He calls the girl up. etc. ...
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation

... other (Kempen, 1977). As soon as a fragment of conceptual content has been computed it is passed over to the formulator which attempts to translate it into a sentence fragment that is then articulated (Figure lb). In the meantime, work on further conceptual and syntactic fragments continues. Figure ...
An  Incremental Proceduml Grammar for Sentence Formulation GERARD  KEMPEN
An Incremental Proceduml Grammar for Sentence Formulation GERARD KEMPEN

... other (Kempen, 1977). As soon as a fragment of conceptual content has been computed it is passed over to the formulator which attempts to translate it into a sentence fragment that is then articulated (Figure lb). In the meantime, work on further conceptual and syntactic fragments continues. Figure ...
Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance
Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance

... work in HPSG uses type hierarchies to classify immediate dominance schemata (grammar rules); examples are Sag (1997) and Ginzburg & Sag (2000). These approaches are influenced by Construction Grammar (CxG ; Fillmore, Kay & O’Connor 1988, Kay & Fillmore 1999), which emphasizes the importance of gramm ...
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing

... # The tree’s bows were heavy with snow. ...
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Construction grammar

In linguistics, construction grammar groups a number of models of grammar that all subscribe to the idea that knowledge of a language is based on a collection of ""form and function pairings"". The ""function"" side covers what is commonly understood as meaning, content, or intent; it usually extends over both conventional fields of semantics and pragmatics.Such pairs are learnt by hearing them being used frequently enough by others. Uses of constructions may happen and be acquired in mainstream or everyday language, but also in linguistic subcultures that are using a sociolect, dialect, or in formal contexts using standard languages or jargon associated with greater sociolinguistic prestige in comparison to plain language.Construction grammar (often abridged CxG) is thus a kind of metalinguistic model, letting the door open to a variety of linguistic theories. It is typically associated with cognitive linguistics, partly because many of the linguists that are involved in construction grammar are also involved in cognitive linguistics, and partly because construction grammar and cognitive linguistics share many theoretical and philosophical foundations.
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