The End of the Dark Ages
... closer to us, by cosmic reionization. The properties of the objects populating such epoch is still largely unknown and so their effects and role in shaping and regulating cosmic structure formation. The current ideas in the field, along with the most recent results are briefly summarized in this pap ...
... closer to us, by cosmic reionization. The properties of the objects populating such epoch is still largely unknown and so their effects and role in shaping and regulating cosmic structure formation. The current ideas in the field, along with the most recent results are briefly summarized in this pap ...
Presentation
... • Various workers have suggested that the line ratios that we have interpreted as arising from very low temperature material are actually caused by variations in the density of the material. These results show that low temperatures are obtained irrespective of the density. • The physical cause of th ...
... • Various workers have suggested that the line ratios that we have interpreted as arising from very low temperature material are actually caused by variations in the density of the material. These results show that low temperatures are obtained irrespective of the density. • The physical cause of th ...
PowerPoint - Physics and Astronomy
... a) the source of energy is very small. b) energy is coming from matter and antimatter. c) the energy source is rotating rapidly. d) a chain reaction of supernovas occurs. e) there are many separate sources of energy in the core. Explanation: ...
... a) the source of energy is very small. b) energy is coming from matter and antimatter. c) the energy source is rotating rapidly. d) a chain reaction of supernovas occurs. e) there are many separate sources of energy in the core. Explanation: ...
The RSS-NIR Detector System Progress
... Tests have begun with science detector in cooled instrument dewar. ...
... Tests have begun with science detector in cooled instrument dewar. ...
TYPES OF RADIATION IN SPACE
... Wolf –Rayet stars are hot, massive stars, with a high mass loss rate. They are stars in an advanced degree of evolution and they are ejecting hot gas at very high speeds (the wind of particles has a speed of over 2000 km/s). The wind is so thick that it completely obscures the light emitted by the s ...
... Wolf –Rayet stars are hot, massive stars, with a high mass loss rate. They are stars in an advanced degree of evolution and they are ejecting hot gas at very high speeds (the wind of particles has a speed of over 2000 km/s). The wind is so thick that it completely obscures the light emitted by the s ...
plasma
... electrons that orbit a positively charged nucleus (made up of neutral particles, called neutrons, and positively charged particles, called protons). Electrically neutral atoms have the same number of positive and negative electrical charges. When gases are exposed to lots of heat or radiation the at ...
... electrons that orbit a positively charged nucleus (made up of neutral particles, called neutrons, and positively charged particles, called protons). Electrically neutral atoms have the same number of positive and negative electrical charges. When gases are exposed to lots of heat or radiation the at ...
Cosmic Evolution - University of Southern Maine
... treating matter on Earth and in our bodies no differently from that in the stars and galaxies beyond. Anthropocentrism is neither intended nor implied by the arrow of time— which is why some researchers prefer to draw it opening up in variety and diversity as in Figure 2 (a), instead of pointing any ...
... treating matter on Earth and in our bodies no differently from that in the stars and galaxies beyond. Anthropocentrism is neither intended nor implied by the arrow of time— which is why some researchers prefer to draw it opening up in variety and diversity as in Figure 2 (a), instead of pointing any ...
(1) and
... High density Circum Stellar Medium (CSM ) Te=Tz Break out to low density Inter Stellar Medium (ISM) Adiabatic expansion Te is cooled down Te
... High density Circum Stellar Medium (CSM ) Te=Tz Break out to low density Inter Stellar Medium (ISM) Adiabatic expansion Te is cooled down Te
Compton scattering in strong gravity
... simply because the photons come from the disk to the observer, who has a fixed inclination of 60◦ , on average at slightly more grazing angles than it is the case in GR, where light bending effect allows for escaping angles nearly parallel to the disk normal from parts of the disk. Larger emission a ...
... simply because the photons come from the disk to the observer, who has a fixed inclination of 60◦ , on average at slightly more grazing angles than it is the case in GR, where light bending effect allows for escaping angles nearly parallel to the disk normal from parts of the disk. Larger emission a ...
THE VIRTUAL INEVITABILITY OF SINGULARITIES IN
... Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (COBE) began to show evidence of this. There is still work to be done in confirming these “ripples in space,” but as of the present moment, the COBE satellite and other extensive studies of the cosmic microwave background radiation, have not been able to disprove ...
... Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (COBE) began to show evidence of this. There is still work to be done in confirming these “ripples in space,” but as of the present moment, the COBE satellite and other extensive studies of the cosmic microwave background radiation, have not been able to disprove ...
Infrared Astronomy More than Our Eyes Can See
... of most of the distant regions of our own Milky Way Galaxy, including the Galactic Center, is heavily obscured by the ISM. At infrared wavelengths, the Galactic Center is one of the brightest sources in the sky. Infrared observations show that this region consists of very dense crowds of stars, and ...
... of most of the distant regions of our own Milky Way Galaxy, including the Galactic Center, is heavily obscured by the ISM. At infrared wavelengths, the Galactic Center is one of the brightest sources in the sky. Infrared observations show that this region consists of very dense crowds of stars, and ...
Galactic Center is a - Instituto de Física / UFRJ
... • Exposure 1750 km2 sr yr (1.07 total AGASA) • On time 94.3% • Gain one order of magnitude within the next two years (1500 physical events per day) Hybrid: Unprecedented core location and direction precision excellent shower development and energy measurements No previous claims of anisotropy were ...
... • Exposure 1750 km2 sr yr (1.07 total AGASA) • On time 94.3% • Gain one order of magnitude within the next two years (1500 physical events per day) Hybrid: Unprecedented core location and direction precision excellent shower development and energy measurements No previous claims of anisotropy were ...
f(R) Gravity, Relic Coherent Gravitons and Optical Chaos
... today, implies that cosmological dynamics is dominated by the so-called dark energy, which gives a large negative pressure. This is the standard picture, in which this new ingredient should be some form of unclustered, non-zero vacuum energy, which, together with the clustered dark matter, drives th ...
... today, implies that cosmological dynamics is dominated by the so-called dark energy, which gives a large negative pressure. This is the standard picture, in which this new ingredient should be some form of unclustered, non-zero vacuum energy, which, together with the clustered dark matter, drives th ...
Supernova Neutrinos
... Cosmic Gall Neutrinos they are very small. They have no charge and have no mass And do not interact at all. The earth is just a silly ball To them, through which they simply pass, Like dustmaids down a drafty hall Or photons through a sheet of glass. They snub the most exquisite gas, Ignore the most ...
... Cosmic Gall Neutrinos they are very small. They have no charge and have no mass And do not interact at all. The earth is just a silly ball To them, through which they simply pass, Like dustmaids down a drafty hall Or photons through a sheet of glass. They snub the most exquisite gas, Ignore the most ...
Lesson 1-0 Slides The Cosmic Landscape
... How can we measure huge distances? A clue—the common flashlight Speed of light—a way to measure distances in space ...
... How can we measure huge distances? A clue—the common flashlight Speed of light—a way to measure distances in space ...
Does the Sun affect the Earth`s climate?
... galactic and solar influence on climate have pro- forward came with the realization that the lowest gressed so far, and have found such widespread clouds, below about 3 km in altitude, respond applications, that one can begin to speak of a most closely to variations in the cosmic rays new paradigm o ...
... galactic and solar influence on climate have pro- forward came with the realization that the lowest gressed so far, and have found such widespread clouds, below about 3 km in altitude, respond applications, that one can begin to speak of a most closely to variations in the cosmic rays new paradigm o ...
Unit 6: The Present Universe
... Einstein made an error here. His introduced repulsive force could not properly balance gravity. The equilibrium between the two was unstable, like balancing a pencil on its point – an action that is theoretically possible, but which in reality collapses with any slight disturbance that unbalances th ...
... Einstein made an error here. His introduced repulsive force could not properly balance gravity. The equilibrium between the two was unstable, like balancing a pencil on its point – an action that is theoretically possible, but which in reality collapses with any slight disturbance that unbalances th ...
Particle Physics and Cosmology
... What is Dark Matter? • Must be neutral, very long-lived, heavy. • All known particles are easily eliminated. • Dark matter is the best evidence that the standard model of particle physics is incomplete, and motivates many extensions. • Some candidates: – WIMPs (e.g., neutralinos) – Axions 21 August ...
... What is Dark Matter? • Must be neutral, very long-lived, heavy. • All known particles are easily eliminated. • Dark matter is the best evidence that the standard model of particle physics is incomplete, and motivates many extensions. • Some candidates: – WIMPs (e.g., neutralinos) – Axions 21 August ...
Cosmic Collisions ( 12 MB)
... cluster. Ten billion years elapses within about 3 minutes so time passes at a rate of 50 million years per second! ...
... cluster. Ten billion years elapses within about 3 minutes so time passes at a rate of 50 million years per second! ...
IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)
... The fluid satisfying the equation of state p = 0, 0 and =3p are respectively known as dust distribution and disorder distribution. Rao and Singh [12] have found exact solutions for a non-static spherical symmetric metric for above two cases. In the dust distribution, p = 0 has been used for co ...
... The fluid satisfying the equation of state p = 0, 0 and =3p are respectively known as dust distribution and disorder distribution. Rao and Singh [12] have found exact solutions for a non-static spherical symmetric metric for above two cases. In the dust distribution, p = 0 has been used for co ...
P301_2009_Final_revi..
... •Roughly 10 questions on new stuff, 3 questions from each of the first two sections of the course. •Two formula sheets (8.5x11 piece of paper; single sided) will be allowed. •My exam philosophy going into the final is much as it was described for the first exam (see a few slides down). The key is fo ...
... •Roughly 10 questions on new stuff, 3 questions from each of the first two sections of the course. •Two formula sheets (8.5x11 piece of paper; single sided) will be allowed. •My exam philosophy going into the final is much as it was described for the first exam (see a few slides down). The key is fo ...
Classical Probability, Shakespearean Sonnets, and
... use the proportion from Penrose,3 where πi = 1 in 10(10^123). (Penrose calculated the probability for generating a universe similar to the observed universe with the following considerations: the universe has 1080 baryons with maximum entropy in a big crunch of 1043 photons per baryon while the entr ...
... use the proportion from Penrose,3 where πi = 1 in 10(10^123). (Penrose calculated the probability for generating a universe similar to the observed universe with the following considerations: the universe has 1080 baryons with maximum entropy in a big crunch of 1043 photons per baryon while the entr ...
Observational Overview
... gravitationally bound systems of stars. They are typically 3 pc in diameter and contain ∼ 105 – 106 stars. These stars are the oldest stars in our Galaxy =⇒ fundamental to setting a minimum age for the Universe. They have a composition of 0.1% elements heavier than He. In total, our Galaxy contains ...
... gravitationally bound systems of stars. They are typically 3 pc in diameter and contain ∼ 105 – 106 stars. These stars are the oldest stars in our Galaxy =⇒ fundamental to setting a minimum age for the Universe. They have a composition of 0.1% elements heavier than He. In total, our Galaxy contains ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.