Molecular Identification of a SNAP-25
... Most SNAREs possess a carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain, whereas others, like the SNAP-25 protein and the R-SNAREs of the Ykt6 family, are attached to the membrane by fatty acid modification. Mammalian SNAP-25 is membrane attached by palmitoylation on a conserved stretch of cysteine residues sit ...
... Most SNAREs possess a carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain, whereas others, like the SNAP-25 protein and the R-SNAREs of the Ykt6 family, are attached to the membrane by fatty acid modification. Mammalian SNAP-25 is membrane attached by palmitoylation on a conserved stretch of cysteine residues sit ...
The constant beat: cardiomyocytes adapt their forces by equal
... initiation of very complex differentiation pathways. One of the most potent mechanical signals is the elasticity of the environment. Various cell types respond with simple reinforcements of adhesion and cytoskeletal structures upon substrate stiffening (Giannone et al., 2003; Krishnan et al., 2009). ...
... initiation of very complex differentiation pathways. One of the most potent mechanical signals is the elasticity of the environment. Various cell types respond with simple reinforcements of adhesion and cytoskeletal structures upon substrate stiffening (Giannone et al., 2003; Krishnan et al., 2009). ...
Polarization of Thyroid Cells in Culture
... observed, by light or scanning electron microscopy. The apical poles of the cells were more convex, as a result of a slight cell swelling. When the gel was released from the plastic dish before adding TSH, or when the hormone was added in the petri dish outside the culture chamber, large membrane ru ...
... observed, by light or scanning electron microscopy. The apical poles of the cells were more convex, as a result of a slight cell swelling. When the gel was released from the plastic dish before adding TSH, or when the hormone was added in the petri dish outside the culture chamber, large membrane ru ...
Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy – From Bench to Bed
... moved. Human stem cells derived from these blastocysts contain both a haploid genome de‐ rived from the oocyte and a diploid somatic cell genome reprogrammed to a pluripotent state (Noggle et al., 2011). However, the SCNT raises some ethical concerns regarding the use of human eggs. It has also been ...
... moved. Human stem cells derived from these blastocysts contain both a haploid genome de‐ rived from the oocyte and a diploid somatic cell genome reprogrammed to a pluripotent state (Noggle et al., 2011). However, the SCNT raises some ethical concerns regarding the use of human eggs. It has also been ...
Cell-to-cell Modelling of the inter-phase between Atrial and
... between that of typical nodal cells and that of the common atrial cells. Typical nodal cells have poor development of the contractile system and is assumed in general that they do not contract, moreover the existence of connexin43 is undetectable in the SA node center (see [4] and references therein ...
... between that of typical nodal cells and that of the common atrial cells. Typical nodal cells have poor development of the contractile system and is assumed in general that they do not contract, moreover the existence of connexin43 is undetectable in the SA node center (see [4] and references therein ...
Nucleoids and coated vesicles of “Epulopiscium” spp.
... of widely differing size and shape. Neighboring patches are connected with strands or narrow ribbons also composed of nucleoids. Overall, the arrangement here is that of a reticulate sheet – to borrow a term used by Smith (1956) to describe the structure of the chloroplast of the green alga Oedogoni ...
... of widely differing size and shape. Neighboring patches are connected with strands or narrow ribbons also composed of nucleoids. Overall, the arrangement here is that of a reticulate sheet – to borrow a term used by Smith (1956) to describe the structure of the chloroplast of the green alga Oedogoni ...
Voltage-dependent Ionic Conductances of Type I Spiral Ganglion
... pattern of the organ of Corti provides an anatomical clue to the receptor dichotomy present in this sensory organ (see Dallos, 1988). Nearly all afferent fibers (up to 95%) innervate the inner hair cells; these fibers arise from type I spiral ganglion cells (Spoendlin, 1988). The remaining type II f ...
... pattern of the organ of Corti provides an anatomical clue to the receptor dichotomy present in this sensory organ (see Dallos, 1988). Nearly all afferent fibers (up to 95%) innervate the inner hair cells; these fibers arise from type I spiral ganglion cells (Spoendlin, 1988). The remaining type II f ...
Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and function of the intestinal
... and 5´-GGTAACCACCAATCTTCCTT-3´ (forward), 5´-AAACACCCTCACAAATAACTG-3´ (reverse). The expected fragment sizes were 1,087 bp and 1,495 bp, respectively. After sequencing and comparison, the 2 fragments were contiged. The 5´ and 3´ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) primers (Table 1) were then des ...
... and 5´-GGTAACCACCAATCTTCCTT-3´ (forward), 5´-AAACACCCTCACAAATAACTG-3´ (reverse). The expected fragment sizes were 1,087 bp and 1,495 bp, respectively. After sequencing and comparison, the 2 fragments were contiged. The 5´ and 3´ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) primers (Table 1) were then des ...
Lipid Map of the Mammalian Cell
... be involved in the transport of PS from the ER to mitochondria and of PE resulting from PS decarboxylation back to the ER (see Poster). The finding that a protein of the mitochondrial protein import machinery affects the mitochondrial CL content (Kutik et al., 2008) will further help to resolve the ...
... be involved in the transport of PS from the ER to mitochondria and of PE resulting from PS decarboxylation back to the ER (see Poster). The finding that a protein of the mitochondrial protein import machinery affects the mitochondrial CL content (Kutik et al., 2008) will further help to resolve the ...
Finite element analysis of the pressure
... to study the effect of strain on other types of cells. The model devised by Ellis et al. (1995) uses a positive pressure to deform an elastic substrate that contains a layer of adherent cells, causing a biaxial stretch of the substrate and of the cells. The amount of strain that cells are subject to ...
... to study the effect of strain on other types of cells. The model devised by Ellis et al. (1995) uses a positive pressure to deform an elastic substrate that contains a layer of adherent cells, causing a biaxial stretch of the substrate and of the cells. The amount of strain that cells are subject to ...
A family of abundant plasma membrane
... 1-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg 1-l benzylaminopurine. Cells were subcultured every 7 d and used for experimentation 5 or 6 d after subculture. Protoplasts were prepared from carrot cells by cell wall digestion with Driselase (Sigma Chemical Co. Ltd., Poole, England) and Cellulase (Onozuka R-10; Yakult Honsha ...
... 1-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg 1-l benzylaminopurine. Cells were subcultured every 7 d and used for experimentation 5 or 6 d after subculture. Protoplasts were prepared from carrot cells by cell wall digestion with Driselase (Sigma Chemical Co. Ltd., Poole, England) and Cellulase (Onozuka R-10; Yakult Honsha ...
Pathology pernicious anemia is associated with an increased risk of
... hereditary disorder caused by deficiencies of enzymes that degrade various macromoleulces – lysosomal storage disorder atrophy is usually accompanied by autophagy hypertrophy may be triggered by trophic stimulation reperfusion injury – formation of potentially toxic substances, activated oxygen spec ...
... hereditary disorder caused by deficiencies of enzymes that degrade various macromoleulces – lysosomal storage disorder atrophy is usually accompanied by autophagy hypertrophy may be triggered by trophic stimulation reperfusion injury – formation of potentially toxic substances, activated oxygen spec ...
Cryoelectron Tomography: Implications for Actin Cytoskeleton
... formed filaments. These processes are under the control of dozens of actin-binding proteins and protein complexes, whose repertoire is similar in Dictyostelium to that in neutrophils and other fast moving animal cells.22 Of particular importance are the sites where actin filaments make contacts with ...
... formed filaments. These processes are under the control of dozens of actin-binding proteins and protein complexes, whose repertoire is similar in Dictyostelium to that in neutrophils and other fast moving animal cells.22 Of particular importance are the sites where actin filaments make contacts with ...
PKCδ is Required for Survival of Cells Expressing
... conditions (25). PKCδ has been reported to regulate B-lymphocyte survival (26). Knock-out experiments have shown that PKCδ-deficient mice have a severely deregulated immune system and develop autoimmue disease (27,28). Thus, PKCδ activation can serve as pro-apoptotic signal, or as survival signal, t ...
... conditions (25). PKCδ has been reported to regulate B-lymphocyte survival (26). Knock-out experiments have shown that PKCδ-deficient mice have a severely deregulated immune system and develop autoimmue disease (27,28). Thus, PKCδ activation can serve as pro-apoptotic signal, or as survival signal, t ...
Bone Marrow Norepinephrine Release in the Spleen and Cells and
... functional 2AR, clones of Th2 cells do not, providing a mechanism by which NE can selectively regulate the function of specific immune cell populations. For example, depletion of NE in scid mice that were reconstituted with Ag-specific 2AR-negative Th2 cell clones and 2AR-positive B cells resulte ...
... functional 2AR, clones of Th2 cells do not, providing a mechanism by which NE can selectively regulate the function of specific immune cell populations. For example, depletion of NE in scid mice that were reconstituted with Ag-specific 2AR-negative Th2 cell clones and 2AR-positive B cells resulte ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
Q5D - ICH
... respects, e.g., culture components and culture conditions. Similarly, the culture conditions used to prepare the MCB and WCB may differ from those used for the production process. If changes in cell culture process do not affect product quality, it is not considered necessary to reclone the cells or ...
... respects, e.g., culture components and culture conditions. Similarly, the culture conditions used to prepare the MCB and WCB may differ from those used for the production process. If changes in cell culture process do not affect product quality, it is not considered necessary to reclone the cells or ...
hnRNPLL - Shirley Liu Lab
... the basal sIghg2b:mIghg2b ratio to be 45:1 in MPC11 cells, a ratio consistent with previous data on plasmacytoma cell lines (4). To deplete hnRNPLL protein in MPC11 cells, we transduced MPC11 cells with pLKO.1 lentivirus encoding short hairpins (shRNAs) that target Hnrpll transcripts. After eliminat ...
... the basal sIghg2b:mIghg2b ratio to be 45:1 in MPC11 cells, a ratio consistent with previous data on plasmacytoma cell lines (4). To deplete hnRNPLL protein in MPC11 cells, we transduced MPC11 cells with pLKO.1 lentivirus encoding short hairpins (shRNAs) that target Hnrpll transcripts. After eliminat ...
Antifolate Polyglutamylation and Competitive Drug Displacement at
... Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that the addition of leucovorin to tumor cells dissociates methotrexate, but not methotrexate polyglutamates, from dihydrofolate reduc Ã-ase(L. H. Matherly, D. W. Fry, and I. D. Goldman, Cancer Res., 43: 2694-2699, 1983). To further assess the importa ...
... Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that the addition of leucovorin to tumor cells dissociates methotrexate, but not methotrexate polyglutamates, from dihydrofolate reduc Ã-ase(L. H. Matherly, D. W. Fry, and I. D. Goldman, Cancer Res., 43: 2694-2699, 1983). To further assess the importa ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).