Ochsner
... manner (Construct 5). Here, “value” refers to whether a given stimulus is good or bad or should be approached or avoided, whereas “response” refers to the behaviors we measure as evidence that this value has been computed. Because current data do not allow us to clearly disentangle the neural correl ...
... manner (Construct 5). Here, “value” refers to whether a given stimulus is good or bad or should be approached or avoided, whereas “response” refers to the behaviors we measure as evidence that this value has been computed. Because current data do not allow us to clearly disentangle the neural correl ...
Classical Conditioning
... CS is presented and terminated BEFORE presentation of the UCS/US Conditioning often effective when the interval BETWEEN presentation of the CS and the UCS/US is about a half second Fear studies; dependent on usage of hippocampus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsGjh6ul7mE ...
... CS is presented and terminated BEFORE presentation of the UCS/US Conditioning often effective when the interval BETWEEN presentation of the CS and the UCS/US is about a half second Fear studies; dependent on usage of hippocampus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsGjh6ul7mE ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... rCBF when subjects read sentences vs. consonant strings presented item by item. They found patchy activation throughout the left perisylvian cortex whose location varied in different individuals. Chee et al. [1999] found activation throughout the left perisylvian cortex, as well in frontal and occip ...
... rCBF when subjects read sentences vs. consonant strings presented item by item. They found patchy activation throughout the left perisylvian cortex whose location varied in different individuals. Chee et al. [1999] found activation throughout the left perisylvian cortex, as well in frontal and occip ...
Definitions of cognitive science
... psychologist with the same attitude. But this is not what cognitive science or any interdisciplinary scientific effort should be about. If the dialog should stimulate progress in science the two scientists should have in common the subject of their work – in cognitive science cognition. This would c ...
... psychologist with the same attitude. But this is not what cognitive science or any interdisciplinary scientific effort should be about. If the dialog should stimulate progress in science the two scientists should have in common the subject of their work – in cognitive science cognition. This would c ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... brain region is apparently responsible both for detecting out-of-context stimuli and also for matching stimuli in the environment to stored representations. Each of these aspects of cognition is associated with frequently used experimental paradigms and robust electrophysiological signatures, but th ...
... brain region is apparently responsible both for detecting out-of-context stimuli and also for matching stimuli in the environment to stored representations. Each of these aspects of cognition is associated with frequently used experimental paradigms and robust electrophysiological signatures, but th ...
Foreign policy decision making: rational, psychological, and
... This chapter could get badly off track by investigating the many meanings of rationality. The focus of this chapter is much narrower—how we understand foreign policy decision making. I put forward two commonsensical models of rationality in decision making. In the first, rational decision making ref ...
... This chapter could get badly off track by investigating the many meanings of rationality. The focus of this chapter is much narrower—how we understand foreign policy decision making. I put forward two commonsensical models of rationality in decision making. In the first, rational decision making ref ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... Despite a very rich literature documenting the neural correlates of cognitive control, there are relatively few studies that permit a direct comparison of these alternative accounts. The primary constraint is that most studies have utilized standard event-related fMRI designs that are well-suited to ...
... Despite a very rich literature documenting the neural correlates of cognitive control, there are relatively few studies that permit a direct comparison of these alternative accounts. The primary constraint is that most studies have utilized standard event-related fMRI designs that are well-suited to ...
the iterative reprocessing model
... present a preliminary neural model of the networks involved in evaluation (see Cunningham & Zelazo, 2007; Zelazo & Cunningham, 2007 for more details). The IR Model of evaluation is predicated on the interaction between different neural component processes. According to the IR Model, evaluations are ...
... present a preliminary neural model of the networks involved in evaluation (see Cunningham & Zelazo, 2007; Zelazo & Cunningham, 2007 for more details). The IR Model of evaluation is predicated on the interaction between different neural component processes. According to the IR Model, evaluations are ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... continuing until they had indicated their preference between all possible pairs of the 8 food items in the set. Overall completion time for the food and color categories was measured by means of a stopwatch. Each participant chose from the same foods and colors, but compared different sets of people ...
... continuing until they had indicated their preference between all possible pairs of the 8 food items in the set. Overall completion time for the food and color categories was measured by means of a stopwatch. Each participant chose from the same foods and colors, but compared different sets of people ...
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of
... This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for noncommercial research and educational use including without limitation use in ...
... This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for noncommercial research and educational use including without limitation use in ...
Grounding conceptual knowledge in modality
... The human conceptual system contains knowledge that supports all cognitive activities, including perception, memory, language and thought. According to most current theories, states in modality-specific systems for perception, action and emotion do not represent knowledge – rather, redescriptions of ...
... The human conceptual system contains knowledge that supports all cognitive activities, including perception, memory, language and thought. According to most current theories, states in modality-specific systems for perception, action and emotion do not represent knowledge – rather, redescriptions of ...
Neural network activation during a stopsignal task discriminates
... Cocaine dependence is defined by a loss of inhibitory control over drug-use behaviors, mirrored by measurable impairments in laboratory tasks of inhibitory control. The current study tested the hypothesis that deficits in multiple subprocesses of behavioral control are associated with reliable neura ...
... Cocaine dependence is defined by a loss of inhibitory control over drug-use behaviors, mirrored by measurable impairments in laboratory tasks of inhibitory control. The current study tested the hypothesis that deficits in multiple subprocesses of behavioral control are associated with reliable neura ...
Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction
... whereas hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms will be found to reflect ‘hot’ EF deficits. This gives rise to the possibility that some individuals with ADHD will manifest primarily ‘hot’ EF dysfunction, whereas others will show mainly ‘cool’ EF deficits and others will have both types. For example, ris ...
... whereas hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms will be found to reflect ‘hot’ EF deficits. This gives rise to the possibility that some individuals with ADHD will manifest primarily ‘hot’ EF dysfunction, whereas others will show mainly ‘cool’ EF deficits and others will have both types. For example, ris ...
Psychology in Cognitive Science: 19782038
... problem solving, and planning… The analysis techniques include such things as protocol analysis, discourse analysis, and a variety of experimental techniques developed by cognitive psychologists in recent years. The theoretical formalisms include such notions as means-ends analysis, discrimination n ...
... problem solving, and planning… The analysis techniques include such things as protocol analysis, discourse analysis, and a variety of experimental techniques developed by cognitive psychologists in recent years. The theoretical formalisms include such notions as means-ends analysis, discrimination n ...
An architectural model of conscious and unconscious brain
... contents, and (c) low computational efficiency. Thus skilled speakers cannot consciously label the syntax of a sentence, even though they constantly use the results of unconscious syntactic analysis. In contrast to conscious contents, unconscious events showed (a’) much larger capacity limits,6 (b’) ...
... contents, and (c) low computational efficiency. Thus skilled speakers cannot consciously label the syntax of a sentence, even though they constantly use the results of unconscious syntactic analysis. In contrast to conscious contents, unconscious events showed (a’) much larger capacity limits,6 (b’) ...
Hemispheric Differences in the Activation of
... participants view sentences and decide whether a pictured object had been mentioned in the preceding sentence. Each sentence implicitly suggested a particular orientation for an object (e.g., “John put the pencil in the cup.” versus “John put the pencil in the drawer.”
). The ...
... participants view sentences and decide whether a pictured object had been mentioned in the preceding sentence. Each sentence implicitly suggested a particular orientation for an object (e.g., “John put the pencil in the cup.”
doc - physiologicalcomputing.org
... previous trial to dissipate so that the emotional response from one picture did not overlap into the next picture and for the elimination of any motion artefacts that may have occurred during the writing task. Part two, consisting of the last 20 seconds immediately before stimulus presentation was u ...
... previous trial to dissipate so that the emotional response from one picture did not overlap into the next picture and for the elimination of any motion artefacts that may have occurred during the writing task. Part two, consisting of the last 20 seconds immediately before stimulus presentation was u ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... Statistical analysis was performed for individual and group data using the general linear model and the theory of gaussian random fields as implemented in the SPM99 program.40 Activation foci were superimposed on high-resolution T1-weighted images, and their locations were interpreted using the Tala ...
... Statistical analysis was performed for individual and group data using the general linear model and the theory of gaussian random fields as implemented in the SPM99 program.40 Activation foci were superimposed on high-resolution T1-weighted images, and their locations were interpreted using the Tala ...
Learning Strengthens the Response of Primary Visual Cortex to
... orientation. Because the principal orientations, horizontal and vertical, are already overrepresented in V1 [10–13], it is possible that training them would produce different behavioral and neural results. Many of our subjects did show some transfer of learning to the principal orientation, however ...
... orientation. Because the principal orientations, horizontal and vertical, are already overrepresented in V1 [10–13], it is possible that training them would produce different behavioral and neural results. Many of our subjects did show some transfer of learning to the principal orientation, however ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in r ...
... preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in r ...
D2.1c Comparative Cognitive Mapping Guidelines
... be derived from actors’ speech-acts and represented in visual and graphical form (Axelrod 1976; Young & Schafer 1998; Clarkson & Hodgkinson 2005). The method is open in terms of the issues and actors that are studied and can be used to explore the ideas of individuals, institutions and groups on any ...
... be derived from actors’ speech-acts and represented in visual and graphical form (Axelrod 1976; Young & Schafer 1998; Clarkson & Hodgkinson 2005). The method is open in terms of the issues and actors that are studied and can be used to explore the ideas of individuals, institutions and groups on any ...
Heightened Interference on Implicit, but Not Explicit, Tests of
... advance information was provided about the types of words or their relationship to List 1. During the study trial, the pairs were shown at a 2-sec rate, but in the test trials subjects had 10 sec to respond to each stimulus word (A), after which the correct response (C) was always provided. Testing ...
... advance information was provided about the types of words or their relationship to List 1. During the study trial, the pairs were shown at a 2-sec rate, but in the test trials subjects had 10 sec to respond to each stimulus word (A), after which the correct response (C) was always provided. Testing ...
Using neuroimaging to evaluate models of working memory and
... and particular regions of the brain has been proposed (Henson, 2001; Smith & Jonides, 1999). As shown in Fig. 2(B), this mapping places the phonological storage component of the verbal maintenance subsystem into the left supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). Meanwhile, the speech-based rehearsal process is a ...
... and particular regions of the brain has been proposed (Henson, 2001; Smith & Jonides, 1999). As shown in Fig. 2(B), this mapping places the phonological storage component of the verbal maintenance subsystem into the left supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). Meanwhile, the speech-based rehearsal process is a ...
Mental disorders are not brain disorders
... of the three main forms of categorization for physical disorders outlined above, we can think of current psychiatric nosology as based not on aetiology, nor on clinical pragmatism, but on the idea that the ‘organ’ affected is the person, within their environment. It would be a fallacy to suggest tha ...
... of the three main forms of categorization for physical disorders outlined above, we can think of current psychiatric nosology as based not on aetiology, nor on clinical pragmatism, but on the idea that the ‘organ’ affected is the person, within their environment. It would be a fallacy to suggest tha ...