Chapter 18 Organic Chemistry - American Public University System
... which two hydrogen atoms have been substituted, are numbered and the substituents are listed alphabetically. The order of numbering within the ring is then determined by the alphabetical order of the substituents. ...
... which two hydrogen atoms have been substituted, are numbered and the substituents are listed alphabetically. The order of numbering within the ring is then determined by the alphabetical order of the substituents. ...
CHAPTER 1 Differentiate b/w Mendeleev`s periodic law and modern
... Why atomic radii increase from top to bottom in a group? Ans.The increasing number of shells and increasing. shielding effect increase the atomic radii from top to bottom. How does the nature of orbital influence the value of ionization energies of elements? Ans.The outermost electrons to be removed ...
... Why atomic radii increase from top to bottom in a group? Ans.The increasing number of shells and increasing. shielding effect increase the atomic radii from top to bottom. How does the nature of orbital influence the value of ionization energies of elements? Ans.The outermost electrons to be removed ...
Alcohols
... • The boiling point of an alcohol is always much higher than that of the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. • The boiling points of the alcohols increase as the number of carbon atoms increases. • The patterns in boiling point reflect the patterns in intermolecular attractions. ...
... • The boiling point of an alcohol is always much higher than that of the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. • The boiling points of the alcohols increase as the number of carbon atoms increases. • The patterns in boiling point reflect the patterns in intermolecular attractions. ...
Overview of the Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
... ketones are unreactive towards oxidation except under the most vigorous conditions. This difference in reactivity towards oxidation lies in the structural difference between the two types of carbonyl compounds. Aldehydes are more easily oxidized because they posses a hydrogen atom bonded to the carb ...
... ketones are unreactive towards oxidation except under the most vigorous conditions. This difference in reactivity towards oxidation lies in the structural difference between the two types of carbonyl compounds. Aldehydes are more easily oxidized because they posses a hydrogen atom bonded to the carb ...
Section 4.6: Double Displacement Reactions
... 3. (a) The chemical formula for lead sulfate is PbSO4. It is slightly soluble. (b) The chemical formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4. It is very soluble. (c) The chemical formula for calcium sulfate is CaSO4. It is slightly soluble. (d) The chemical formula for aluminum sulfate is Al2(SO4)3. ...
... 3. (a) The chemical formula for lead sulfate is PbSO4. It is slightly soluble. (b) The chemical formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4. It is very soluble. (c) The chemical formula for calcium sulfate is CaSO4. It is slightly soluble. (d) The chemical formula for aluminum sulfate is Al2(SO4)3. ...
FE Exam review for Chemistry
... Lewis dot structures show how atoms share electrons in covalent bonds. ...
... Lewis dot structures show how atoms share electrons in covalent bonds. ...
OCR A Level Chemistry B (Salters) Multiple Choice Questions Quiz
... This formative assessment resource has been produced as part of our free Chemistry teaching and learning support package. All the Chemistry teaching and learning resources, including delivery guides, topic exploration packs, lesson elements and more are available on the qualification webpages. If y ...
... This formative assessment resource has been produced as part of our free Chemistry teaching and learning support package. All the Chemistry teaching and learning resources, including delivery guides, topic exploration packs, lesson elements and more are available on the qualification webpages. If y ...
File
... 5.2 Oxidation Numbers Oxidation number the apparent charge an atom would have if it gained or lost its bonding electrons Consider the example of sulfur dioxide, SO2. In sulfur dioxide, oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Since oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O-2, in ionic c ...
... 5.2 Oxidation Numbers Oxidation number the apparent charge an atom would have if it gained or lost its bonding electrons Consider the example of sulfur dioxide, SO2. In sulfur dioxide, oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Since oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O-2, in ionic c ...
Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
... contribute to giving protein molecules their required shapes in order to function. § Hair protein is rich in S-S and –SH groups. When hair is ‘permed’ some of the disulfide bonds are broken and new ones are formed giving hairs a different shape. ...
... contribute to giving protein molecules their required shapes in order to function. § Hair protein is rich in S-S and –SH groups. When hair is ‘permed’ some of the disulfide bonds are broken and new ones are formed giving hairs a different shape. ...
Chemistry - CBSE Academic
... related to the subject of Chemistry has undergone tremendous changes during the past one decade. Many new areas like synthetic materials, bio -molecules, natural resources, industrial chemistry are coming in a big way and deserve to be an integral part of chemistry syllabus at senior secondary stage ...
... related to the subject of Chemistry has undergone tremendous changes during the past one decade. Many new areas like synthetic materials, bio -molecules, natural resources, industrial chemistry are coming in a big way and deserve to be an integral part of chemistry syllabus at senior secondary stage ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... If the CHO group is bonded to a ring, name the ring and add the suffix –carbaldehyde. Number the chain or ring to put the CHO group at C1, but omit this number from the name. Apply all the other usual rules of nomenclature. ...
... If the CHO group is bonded to a ring, name the ring and add the suffix –carbaldehyde. Number the chain or ring to put the CHO group at C1, but omit this number from the name. Apply all the other usual rules of nomenclature. ...
Types of Functional Groups Amines
... Name tertiary amines similar to the secondary amines, the longest chain of carbons takes the root name and the other chains become a substituents located on the N When the three alkyl groups are the same it can be named as a trialkyl amine Ex: trimethyl amine ...
... Name tertiary amines similar to the secondary amines, the longest chain of carbons takes the root name and the other chains become a substituents located on the N When the three alkyl groups are the same it can be named as a trialkyl amine Ex: trimethyl amine ...
Chapter 23: Substituted Hydrocarbons and Their Reactions
... hydrocarbons of similar shape and size. Also, because of polarity and hydrogen bonding, ethanol is completely miscible with water. In fact, once they are mixed, it is difficult to separate water and ethanol completely. Distillation is used to remove ethanol from water, but even after that process is ...
... hydrocarbons of similar shape and size. Also, because of polarity and hydrogen bonding, ethanol is completely miscible with water. In fact, once they are mixed, it is difficult to separate water and ethanol completely. Distillation is used to remove ethanol from water, but even after that process is ...
CH 4 Notes
... Oxidation numbers (or oxidation states) help us keep track of electrons during chemical reactions. Oxidation numbers are assigned to atoms using specific rules. For an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always zero. For any monatomic ion, the oxidation number equals the char ...
... Oxidation numbers (or oxidation states) help us keep track of electrons during chemical reactions. Oxidation numbers are assigned to atoms using specific rules. For an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always zero. For any monatomic ion, the oxidation number equals the char ...
program
... • primary, secondary, tertiary carbon atom; • asymmetric carbon atom. recognise and name structural characteristics of a carbon skeleton: • branched; • unbranched; • cyclic; • acyclic; • aliphatic; • aromatic; • saturated; • unsaturated. indicate in which cases the rotation of a bond between carbon ...
... • primary, secondary, tertiary carbon atom; • asymmetric carbon atom. recognise and name structural characteristics of a carbon skeleton: • branched; • unbranched; • cyclic; • acyclic; • aliphatic; • aromatic; • saturated; • unsaturated. indicate in which cases the rotation of a bond between carbon ...
Document
... 2 H2(g)+ O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) + heat ΔH = – 483.6 kJ Characteristics of Enthalpy (1) Enthalpy is an extensive property (2) ΔH for a reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to ΔH for reverse reaction (3) ΔH for a reaction depends on states of reactants and products (gas, liquid) ...
... 2 H2(g)+ O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) + heat ΔH = – 483.6 kJ Characteristics of Enthalpy (1) Enthalpy is an extensive property (2) ΔH for a reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to ΔH for reverse reaction (3) ΔH for a reaction depends on states of reactants and products (gas, liquid) ...
2 - Glow Blogs
... Grignard reagents have the general formula RMgX, where R = an alkyl group and X = a halogen atom. Preparation involves reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium in dry ethoxyethane (an ether) to prevent hydrolysis occurring. The Grignard reagent methyl magnesium iodide, CH 3 MgI, was reacted with carb ...
... Grignard reagents have the general formula RMgX, where R = an alkyl group and X = a halogen atom. Preparation involves reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium in dry ethoxyethane (an ether) to prevent hydrolysis occurring. The Grignard reagent methyl magnesium iodide, CH 3 MgI, was reacted with carb ...
Calculations and Chemical Equations Atomic mass: Mass of an
... Individual products and reactants are separated by a plus sign Chemical Equation: A written statement using symbols and formulas to describe the changes that occur in a reaction Example: 2H2(g) + O2 (g) Æ 2H2O (l) Letter in parentheses indicates the state of the substance: gas (g), liquid (l), solid ...
... Individual products and reactants are separated by a plus sign Chemical Equation: A written statement using symbols and formulas to describe the changes that occur in a reaction Example: 2H2(g) + O2 (g) Æ 2H2O (l) Letter in parentheses indicates the state of the substance: gas (g), liquid (l), solid ...
Introductory Review
... For ionic compounds, e.g. sodium chloride, the formula shows the ratio of elements that form the compound. Solid sodium chloride consists of a collection of positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions in a three-dimensional structure. You cannot say which sodium ion is assoc ...
... For ionic compounds, e.g. sodium chloride, the formula shows the ratio of elements that form the compound. Solid sodium chloride consists of a collection of positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions in a three-dimensional structure. You cannot say which sodium ion is assoc ...
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion - Towson University
... a proton to FeBr4(from Br- and FeBr3) This restores aromaticity (in contrast with addition in alkenes) ...
... a proton to FeBr4(from Br- and FeBr3) This restores aromaticity (in contrast with addition in alkenes) ...
Catalytic asymmetric carbonyl addition reactions catalysed by group
... Catalytic asymmetric carbonyl addition reactions catalysed by group 10 metals The addition of a nucleophilic species to the carbonyl group is one of the most important methodology for carbon-carbon bond construction and various solutions have been offered to achieve an asymmetric version. ...
... Catalytic asymmetric carbonyl addition reactions catalysed by group 10 metals The addition of a nucleophilic species to the carbonyl group is one of the most important methodology for carbon-carbon bond construction and various solutions have been offered to achieve an asymmetric version. ...
Experiment #9 – Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones
... Aldehydes and ketones share the carbonyl functional group which features carbon doubly bonded to oxygen. In the case of ketones there are two carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl carbon and no hydrogens. In the case of aldehydes there is at least one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon; the other ...
... Aldehydes and ketones share the carbonyl functional group which features carbon doubly bonded to oxygen. In the case of ketones there are two carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl carbon and no hydrogens. In the case of aldehydes there is at least one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon; the other ...
Inorganometallic Chemistry
... Although, many neutral and anionic TM complexes containing BR3 fragments (e.g. [Rh(BCl3)(CO)(Cl)(PPh3)2], [Co(BH3)(CO)4]-, [CpFe(CO)2(BPh3)]) have been described, their structures have been mostly confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic data and only few X-ray structures of simple derivatives have b ...
... Although, many neutral and anionic TM complexes containing BR3 fragments (e.g. [Rh(BCl3)(CO)(Cl)(PPh3)2], [Co(BH3)(CO)4]-, [CpFe(CO)2(BPh3)]) have been described, their structures have been mostly confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic data and only few X-ray structures of simple derivatives have b ...
Organosulfur compounds
Organosulfur compounds are organic compounds that contain sulfur. They are often associated with foul odors, but many of the sweetest compounds known are organosulfur derivatives, e.g., saccharin. Nature abounds with organosulfur compounds—sulfur is essential for life. Of the 20 common amino acids, two (cysteine and methionine) are organosulfur compounds, and the antibiotics penicillin (pictured below) and sulfa drugs both contain sulfur. While sulfur-containing antibiotics save many lives, sulfur mustard is a deadly chemical warfare agent. Fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which are derived from ancient organisms, necessarily contain organosulfur compounds, the removal of which is a major focus of oil refineries.Sulfur shares the chalcogen group with oxygen, selenium and tellurium, and it is expected that organosulfur compounds have similarities with carbon–oxygen, carbon–selenium and carbon–tellurium compounds, which is true to some extent.A classical chemical test for the detection of sulfur compounds is the Carius halogen method.