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The Cosmos & the Bible - Access Research Network
The Cosmos & the Bible - Access Research Network

... of stars per shell increases with square of distance. – But apparent brightness of each star decreases with square of distance, so each shell provides an equal amount of brightness, and total will be infinite! ...
Scientists confirm most distant galaxy ever
Scientists confirm most distant galaxy ever

... every year. The z8_GND_5296 galaxy converts hydrogen in the amount of 300 times the mass of our sun into new stars each year. By contrast, the Milky Way only produces stars at one or two solar masses per year. Scientists established through previous research that in the first billion years of the un ...
Expanding Universe Lab
Expanding Universe Lab

... majority of galaxies he observed had spectra that were red shifted. If these shifts to the red were the result of Doppler shifts, the conclusion is that these galaxies were all moving away from us. In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble of the Mt. Wilson Observatory measured distances to many galaxies using Cep ...
Hubble`s Law Notes
Hubble`s Law Notes

... look bluer. ...
Watching Galaxies Form Near the Beginning of Time
Watching Galaxies Form Near the Beginning of Time

... and about 12 billion years for the most distant galaxies we can observe. In other words, ...
ODU booklet 2 Teachers booklet Sept 2014 (7.5MB Word)
ODU booklet 2 Teachers booklet Sept 2014 (7.5MB Word)

... Observations 1 and 2 are possible, but observation 3 is not because you cannot exceed the speed of light. ...
Primary-centric World-View proposes a Fractal Architecture
Primary-centric World-View proposes a Fractal Architecture

... Dark Matter Continued. • The Standard Model of particle physics and Big Bang theory of the birth of our Universe cannot account for large cosmological structures, so in the actual cosmology it is hypothesized that such structures as the Great Wall form along and follow web-like threads of dark mat ...
A cosmic consequence of assuming that rotational motion is relative
A cosmic consequence of assuming that rotational motion is relative

... The agreement of the predicted present value of the density parameter of dark energy and observations, confirms the existence of perfect cosmic dragging and implies that rotational motion is relative in our universe. This solves the so called cosmological constant problem. The density of vacuum ener ...
5.9MB Word - Clydeview Academy
5.9MB Word - Clydeview Academy

... Observations 1 and 2 are possible, but observation 3 is not because you cannot exceed the speed of light. ...
June 2015
June 2015

... universe” corresponds to the manifestation some processes from another EW and therefore it was not necessary the manifestation of any process which surpassed the speed of light.1 The correspondences of some entities/processes and their interactions from the primordial universe (Big Band and the fir ...
The Big Bang Is Bunk - 21stcenturysciencetech.com
The Big Bang Is Bunk - 21stcenturysciencetech.com

... ory, and will either continue to expand and cool for­ ever, or else its expansion will eventually be overtak­ en by self-gravitation. In the latter case, it will collapse upon itself again. Gamow argued that the egg was made of neutrons and their decay products-a mixture of neutrons, protons, electr ...
Lecture 5
Lecture 5

... is that the particles and antiparticles annihilate each other. (Other reactions may also be involved, and if these particles are unstable, also their decay contributes to their disappearance.) At higher temperatures these annihilation reactions are also constantly taking place, but they are balanced ...
2. The Universe Is Expanding and Evolving
2. The Universe Is Expanding and Evolving

... towards) us. By 1929 it was clear that almost all of the galaxies are moving away from us, and that the speed of recession (the redshift) increases with the distance to the galaxy. This became known as Hubble’s Law. The expansion of the universe had been discovered. When Einstein heard about this, h ...
6 The Uncreated Universe - Mukto-mona
6 The Uncreated Universe - Mukto-mona

... Another common belief is that the formation of order by natural processes is impossible. This is the old argument from design, which was discussed in detail in chapter 3. Here it appears as the intuitive claim that the second law of thermodynamics requires that the universe begin in a state of low e ...
1 December 2014 An Update on the Universe Professor Ian Morison
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... Predictions of a “Hot” Big Bang and hence the presence of radiation within the Universe Two American scientists, George Gamow and Richard Dicke independently predicted that very high temperatures must have existed at the time of the Big Bang − both for somewhat the wrong reasons. Gamov wanted the te ...
Axiom Cosmology: A New Direction
Axiom Cosmology: A New Direction

... rem in general relativity demonstrated—sixty years after its discovery—that Einstein’s theory was consistent and stable [5] [6]. Most modern, accepted theories of cosmology are based on general relativity and, more specifically, the predicted Big Bang [7] [8]. In the universe, the axiom field repres ...
Ch. 23
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... • What do we mean by “inflation” in the early universe? • A dramatic growth in the size of the universe, thought to have been driven by energy released as the strong force froze out at the end of the GUT era. The universe is thought to have grown by a factor of 1030 in less than 10-36 second. • List ...
Topic/Objective: ______ _____ Full Name: __________ Class: __
Topic/Objective: ______ _____ Full Name: __________ Class: __

... tiny fraction of a second after it came into being up to the present  Best explanation for how the universe came to being  Developed due to observations of stars, galaxies and other objects with telescopes and experimenting with matter on Earth  Approximately 10-20 billion years ago all matter in ...
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... erating. Higher red shift type la supernovae (those that are further back in time and therefore farther away) are dimmer than expected. Astronomers concluded the supernovae must be even more distant than expected, which means the universe's expansion is increasing. • Cosmic microwave background (eMB ...
Will Dark Energy Tear the Universe Apart?
Will Dark Energy Tear the Universe Apart?

... you observe. (This area is called a "co­ moving" region because you as an observer are moving with the region you're observing.) In the box, Kamion­ kowski explains, "the high pressure asso­ ciated with the heat may push the walls of the box outward. The heat energy in the box then decreases, but en ...
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Big Bang Theory of the
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Big Bang Theory of the

... imagining a raisin bread rising in the oven. As the bread rises all the raisins get farther and farther apart. Viewed from any particular raisin, the nearby raisins seem to be receding as though our raisin is the center of the loaf. This suggests that at some time in the (distant!) past, both these ...
2004 Term 1 January
2004 Term 1 January

... crystalline spheres, a view adopted by the medieval Catholic Church, which executed Giordano Bruno for holding that the universe was infinite in extent. In the 20th century Hubble's surveys of receding galaxies supported the idea of an expanding spacetime scaffolding. This model, now called the big ...
WIMPs vs. MACHOS: What's the Matter?
WIMPs vs. MACHOS: What's the Matter?

... two-year period, after monitoring twenty million stars This significantly exceeds the single event expected from “known” stars in the Galaxy ...
Dark matter
Dark matter

... The Big Bang theory developed from observations of the structure of the universe and from theoretical considerations. In 1912 Vesto Slipher measured the first Doppler shift of a "spiral nebula" (spiral nebula is the obsolete term for spiral galaxies), and soon discovered that almost all such nebulae ...
ps700-coll1-hayden
ps700-coll1-hayden

... M.D.Smith is obviously very passionate about the subject of Life in the Universe as I believe he brought it alive for everyone present to enjoy. Clear spoken throughout and having a well paced structure helped the sometimes seemingly complex ideas (For nonscientists) appear simpler. I was impressed ...
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Big Bang



The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.
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