General Relativity and the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe
... term in GR to be his greatest blunder. Why? Because, he could have predicted that the universe is not static, purely from theoretical calculations using his original theory. ...
... term in GR to be his greatest blunder. Why? Because, he could have predicted that the universe is not static, purely from theoretical calculations using his original theory. ...
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe
... • How big is the universe? – The observable universe is 14 billion light-years in radius (no it is considerably bigger and depends upon the expansion rate and the history of the expansion rate which has changed) and contains over 100 billion galaxies with a total number of stars comparable to the nu ...
... • How big is the universe? – The observable universe is 14 billion light-years in radius (no it is considerably bigger and depends upon the expansion rate and the history of the expansion rate which has changed) and contains over 100 billion galaxies with a total number of stars comparable to the nu ...
CBO_Paper2_UnderstandingtheStoryOfTheUniverse
... galaxies contain millions, billions, or even trillions of stars, this mass is not large enough to account for the gravitational pull exerted on other galaxies to prevent them from falling apart. In order to account for this gravitational pull, the physicists input dark matter into their computer sim ...
... galaxies contain millions, billions, or even trillions of stars, this mass is not large enough to account for the gravitational pull exerted on other galaxies to prevent them from falling apart. In order to account for this gravitational pull, the physicists input dark matter into their computer sim ...
Facilitator`s Guide PDF
... 1. Describe and explain how astronomers use luminosity and redshift to measure the distance and speed of celestial objects. 2. Describe, using pictures, graphs and/or words, what astronomers mean by an expanding universe. Describe several different ways that the expansion could change over time (e.g ...
... 1. Describe and explain how astronomers use luminosity and redshift to measure the distance and speed of celestial objects. 2. Describe, using pictures, graphs and/or words, what astronomers mean by an expanding universe. Describe several different ways that the expansion could change over time (e.g ...
Time From the Perspective of a Particle Physicist
... Cosmology. Hubble law Universe is expanding, gives universe’s age, depends on Hubble “constant” changes with time. Closed universe has gravity slowing the expansion so it starts to contract. Open universe expands forever. Early universe was very hot and when matter was created. First electrons, pr ...
... Cosmology. Hubble law Universe is expanding, gives universe’s age, depends on Hubble “constant” changes with time. Closed universe has gravity slowing the expansion so it starts to contract. Open universe expands forever. Early universe was very hot and when matter was created. First electrons, pr ...
Talk - Otterbein University
... • Angular size of an object cannot tell us its actual size – depends on how far away it is • Sun and Moon have very nearly the same angular size (30' = ½) when viewed from Earth ...
... • Angular size of an object cannot tell us its actual size – depends on how far away it is • Sun and Moon have very nearly the same angular size (30' = ½) when viewed from Earth ...
Physics 130 Name
... 30._____Which one of the following statements is a correct description of the expansion of the universe? a.) Space is a vacuum, but the vacuum has real properties, as galaxies (or superclusters of galaxies) hurtle outwards, the expansion is gradually slowing down by the resistance of space to the p ...
... 30._____Which one of the following statements is a correct description of the expansion of the universe? a.) Space is a vacuum, but the vacuum has real properties, as galaxies (or superclusters of galaxies) hurtle outwards, the expansion is gradually slowing down by the resistance of space to the p ...
The Galaxies
... there a center or an edge to the universe? There is no center in space, although in one sense there is a center in time. There is no edge to the universe, although that ...
... there a center or an edge to the universe? There is no center in space, although in one sense there is a center in time. There is no edge to the universe, although that ...
WIMPs versus MACHOS
... two-year period, after monitoring twenty million stars This significantly exceeds the single event expected from “known” stars in the Galaxy ...
... two-year period, after monitoring twenty million stars This significantly exceeds the single event expected from “known” stars in the Galaxy ...
83. Expanding the Universe on a Balloon
... away from each other. Students will observe that some dots move more or farther apart than others, but they will see that no dots get closer together. Most astronomers believe that the galaxies in the universe are moving away from each other in a similar fashion to the dots on the balloon. Also simi ...
... away from each other. Students will observe that some dots move more or farther apart than others, but they will see that no dots get closer together. Most astronomers believe that the galaxies in the universe are moving away from each other in a similar fashion to the dots on the balloon. Also simi ...
A-Temporal Universe
... of cosmic space is increasing. This process increases the gravitational forces between galaxies.. The speed of expansion of the universe is decreasing, at a certain point the expansion will stop and the universe will start to collapse into an enormous black hole that then explodes into a new big ban ...
... of cosmic space is increasing. This process increases the gravitational forces between galaxies.. The speed of expansion of the universe is decreasing, at a certain point the expansion will stop and the universe will start to collapse into an enormous black hole that then explodes into a new big ban ...
2. The Three Pillars of the Big Bang Theory
... in the future, they will be farther apart. We thus encounter one fundamental property of the universe: it is evolving. The universe looked different in the past and will look different in the future. The reader may ask why the cars acquire different initial speeds. This is where our simple analogy b ...
... in the future, they will be farther apart. We thus encounter one fundamental property of the universe: it is evolving. The universe looked different in the past and will look different in the future. The reader may ask why the cars acquire different initial speeds. This is where our simple analogy b ...
Lecture
... L / LMW is the fraction of civilizations born that are still alive if civilizations are born throughout the lifetime of the Milky Way ...
... L / LMW is the fraction of civilizations born that are still alive if civilizations are born throughout the lifetime of the Milky Way ...
The Milky Way
... Distant galaxies are moving away from our Milky Way, with a recession velocity, vr, proportional to their distance d: ...
... Distant galaxies are moving away from our Milky Way, with a recession velocity, vr, proportional to their distance d: ...
PDF
... and m3 is volume. The average magnetic field strength associated with the total energy within the current estimated volume is ~25 nT. For the final boundary condition (3.04∙1081 m3), the estimated average value within the volume of the universe is 1.4 nT. However the current measurements of the aver ...
... and m3 is volume. The average magnetic field strength associated with the total energy within the current estimated volume is ~25 nT. For the final boundary condition (3.04∙1081 m3), the estimated average value within the volume of the universe is 1.4 nT. However the current measurements of the aver ...
PowerPoint
... What does this mean for photon energy? • Since wavelength increases • And photon energy decreases with longer wavelength • Photons lose energy as universe expands Dec 8, 2003 ...
... What does this mean for photon energy? • Since wavelength increases • And photon energy decreases with longer wavelength • Photons lose energy as universe expands Dec 8, 2003 ...
What is the Shape of the Universe?
... It is precisely those points in space some fixed distance, r, from a ...
... It is precisely those points in space some fixed distance, r, from a ...
MATTER AND ATOMS
... Their nuclei can enter each other's e– clouds If the conditions are right, one (or both) e– clouds change their shape to enclose two (or more) nuclei The nuclei “share” the e– cloud This is called a “chemical bond” The whole system is now called a molecule ...
... Their nuclei can enter each other's e– clouds If the conditions are right, one (or both) e– clouds change their shape to enclose two (or more) nuclei The nuclei “share” the e– cloud This is called a “chemical bond” The whole system is now called a molecule ...
Review for Midterm—Chapter 1
... Earth w.r.t. Universe Earth w.r.t. Sun Moon w.r.t. Earth Sun, Moon, Earth system The solar system Our solar system w.r.t. other nearby stars Where are we at in the Milkyway galaxy? How is the solar system moving in our galaxy? How are the galaxies moving w.r.t. each other? ...
... Earth w.r.t. Universe Earth w.r.t. Sun Moon w.r.t. Earth Sun, Moon, Earth system The solar system Our solar system w.r.t. other nearby stars Where are we at in the Milkyway galaxy? How is the solar system moving in our galaxy? How are the galaxies moving w.r.t. each other? ...
Lesson 1 - Structure of the Universe - Hitchcock
... How are distances in the universe measured? • Distances between most objects in the universe are so large that astronomers measure distances using the speed of light. • A light-year is the distance that light travels through space in one year. • Light travels through space at about 300,000 km/s, or ...
... How are distances in the universe measured? • Distances between most objects in the universe are so large that astronomers measure distances using the speed of light. • A light-year is the distance that light travels through space in one year. • Light travels through space at about 300,000 km/s, or ...
Lesson 1 - Structure of the Universe - Hitchcock
... How are distances in the universe measured? • Distances between most objects in the universe are so large that astronomers measure distances using the speed of light. • A light-year is the distance that light travels through space in one year. • Light travels through space at about 300,000 km/s, or ...
... How are distances in the universe measured? • Distances between most objects in the universe are so large that astronomers measure distances using the speed of light. • A light-year is the distance that light travels through space in one year. • Light travels through space at about 300,000 km/s, or ...
Space Test Explanations
... 30. Cosmologists have observed that distant galaxies are moving away from us, but they say that these galaxies are not moving through space. How can this be? Cosmologists tell us that the space between the galaxies is expanding. The galaxies are not moving through space. 31. Describe one way in whic ...
... 30. Cosmologists have observed that distant galaxies are moving away from us, but they say that these galaxies are not moving through space. How can this be? Cosmologists tell us that the space between the galaxies is expanding. The galaxies are not moving through space. 31. Describe one way in whic ...
Lesson 13 - Oregon State University
... Big Bang Nucleosynthesis After about 30 m, nucleosynthesis ceased. The temperature was ~ 3 x 108K and the density was ~ 30 kg/m3. Nuclear matter was 76% by mass protons, 24% alpha particles with traces of deuterium, 3He and 7Li. The /n/p ratio is 109/13/87. The relative ratio of p/4He/d/3He/7Li is ...
... Big Bang Nucleosynthesis After about 30 m, nucleosynthesis ceased. The temperature was ~ 3 x 108K and the density was ~ 30 kg/m3. Nuclear matter was 76% by mass protons, 24% alpha particles with traces of deuterium, 3He and 7Li. The /n/p ratio is 109/13/87. The relative ratio of p/4He/d/3He/7Li is ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.