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Timber Production and Biological Diversity
Timber Production and Biological Diversity

... Sustainable management of native forests and plantations through relevant principles of the CBD and relevant objectives under the National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biodiversity Establishment and management of a Comprehensive, Adequate and Representative (CAR) conservation reserve ...
Natural Vegetation
Natural Vegetation

... there is a large surface area from which water can be lost through transpiration. There are three layers. The top layer is known as the canopy and it is the thickest during summer and the trees are full of leaves. They grow up to a height of 25 to 30 metres. Shrubs and smaller trees make up the seco ...
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 7

... 3. Cold deserts have cold winters and warm summers, with low rainfall. C. Grasslands have enough precipitation to support grasses but not enough to support large stands of trees. The three main types of grasslands are tropical, temperate, and polar (tundra). 1. Savannas are tropical grasslands with ...
Birds in Mixed-conifer Hardwood Forests
Birds in Mixed-conifer Hardwood Forests

... Without fire, high volume conifer stands become more abundant. A variety of restoration techniques are being designed to simulate the effects of mixed-severity fire and increase lower volume mixed-conifer hardwood conditions across the landscape. These changes in vegetation can cause bird species co ...
TEMPERATE FOREST - cypresswoodsbiology
TEMPERATE FOREST - cypresswoodsbiology

... Figure 4-11 The World’s Major Land Biomes ...
Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes

... Biome: a broad major grouping of natural ecosystems that include animal life as well as plants. The major biomes are recognized primarily based on vegetation. Forest Savanna Grassland Desert Tundra ...
Temperate rain forest cool and wet
Temperate rain forest cool and wet

... and sunlight filtering through the canopy onto the forest floor. ...
Biomes
Biomes

... All deserts are dry…Little and unpredictable rainfall..usually 25 cm of rain or less annually. Deserts vary greatly ...
Ecology and management of residual forests or How to lodge one
Ecology and management of residual forests or How to lodge one

... is folded by virtue of its leaves which are inserted in a regular spiral described by the wellknown series of Fibonacci (Fig. 1e). Now if every folding would increase the total surface over 1 m2 of forest soil by a factor of 1.33, the five green folds over 1 m2 would cover 1*(1.33)5 » 4.16 m2 * m-2, ...
Indirect assessment of natural values at the stand level
Indirect assessment of natural values at the stand level

... frequently a natural mix in of deciduous trees. Spruce forests with high biodiversity potentials represents a wide variety of conditions, from slow-growing, semi-open stands at high elevations or on mires, to very productive, herb-rich stands. In the absence of fires or human disturbance however, bi ...
Terrestrial Biomes Review Sheet - Chautauqua Lake Central School
Terrestrial Biomes Review Sheet - Chautauqua Lake Central School

... The climax community is called a BIOME. They can reproduce themselves on a continual basis. Biomes depend upon rainfall and temperature. The rainfall has more to it than just the amount of rain. When does it fall? Is there a drought-rainy season cycle? In what form does it fall? Rain, Snow? Many li ...
this paper as a pdf
this paper as a pdf

... • Forests are home to a diversity of birds as well as nationally important populations of some rare or declining species, e.g. Hen Harrier, Nightjar and Merlin and may provide opportunities for other species to colonise Ireland. For example, Ireland does not have a resident population of woodpeckers ...
Chapter Five Outline - Lauralton Hall
Chapter Five Outline - Lauralton Hall

... 2. Low-growing, evergreen shrubs with occasional trees is vegetation type. 3. Fires move swiftly when started in these areas. Chaparral adapted to occasional fires. 4. Humans like the climate of this biome, but risk losing homes to fire. 5. Floods/mudslides occur after fires at times. Forest Biomes ...
Living World - ARK Elvin Academy
Living World - ARK Elvin Academy

... community of plants (flora) and animals (fauna), which is linked to the natural environment where they live. Each element in the system depends upon and influences others. They are interrelated. There are often complex relationships between the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components. Ab ...
Coniferous Forest - Great Basin Bird Observatory
Coniferous Forest - Great Basin Bird Observatory

... that prefer more open forests, but its effects on species that need dense forest stands and dead wood are poorly documented. To integrate fuels reduction treatments with wildlife conservation goals (Lehmkuhl et al. 2007), we therefore recommend assessing which Priority species are present in a stand ...
Rain Forest Products
Rain Forest Products

...  More than half (some say up to 90%) of all plant and animal species on Earth are found in rain forests.  One-fourth of all medicine in use today is derived from plants.  70% of the plants containing compounds useful in cancer treatment are found only in rainforests, yet less than 1% of tropical ...
Similarities and Differences Between the Temperate Forest and
Similarities and Differences Between the Temperate Forest and

... that  live  in  these  regions  adapted  to  their   environment  and  are  herbivores  or  “plant-­‐ eating  grazers.”     Differences   One  of  the  main  differences  between  these   two  biomes  is  that  trees  and  large  shrubs ...
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST

... would be burned away completely, to create open grounds for agriculture or new settlements. When they moved on from these areas to find new sites, forests returned to the abandoned land, creating a patchwork of stand compositions and age classes. More often however, people would set lower intensity ...
Diapositive 1
Diapositive 1

... INRA cluster of 7 Laboratories in Avignon (academic institution) – 100 scientists ...
Ecosystem Structure & Function
Ecosystem Structure & Function

... • In the upper atmosphere this moist air cools, condenses, and falls as rain • 30o North and South of the Equator are areas that are relatively dry due to the descent of cool dry air • This circulation is called a Hadley Cell ...
Geography of Communities
Geography of Communities

... Found where temperatures are not extreme and where annual precipitation averages between 650 and 3000 mm. Generally receive more winter precipitation than temperate grasslands. Winters relatively mild. Soils usually moist and fertile, usually neutral or slightly acidic. ...
Use the Biomes map and online research to answer the questions
Use the Biomes map and online research to answer the questions

... Which biome is home to more species than all of the other biomes combined? ...
Where are the Tropical Rainforests
Where are the Tropical Rainforests

... BIOME: Forest; Tropical Rainforest LAYERS OF A RAINFOREST EMERGENT LAYER The tallest trees are the emergent's, towering as much as 200 feet above the forest floor with trunks that measure up to 16 feet around. Most of these trees are broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. Sunlight is plentiful up here. ...
HARVARD	FOREST
HARVARD FOREST

... for posts, lumber and fuel. Chestnuts were an important food source for many wildlife species including bears, deer, wild turkeys, and passenger pigeons, and people treasured their sweet, starchy taste. The blight can be detected on chestnut trees today as orange-red spores visible along cracks ...
Biomes of the World
Biomes of the World

... 3. Winter temperatures average –34oC while summer temperatures usually average below 10oC 4. Low precipitation (15–25 cm per year) but ground is usually wet because of low evaporation ...
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Forest



A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.
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