this PDF file
... light beams could be superposed forever. This system can resist the vibration of machine tool effectively, and the optical path design can avoid the diffracted light returning to the laser again to cause selfmixing problem, so that the reliability and accuracy of detection are improved greatly. In 2 ...
... light beams could be superposed forever. This system can resist the vibration of machine tool effectively, and the optical path design can avoid the diffracted light returning to the laser again to cause selfmixing problem, so that the reliability and accuracy of detection are improved greatly. In 2 ...
Fiber Optic Sensors and Their Applications
... known photonic techniques. The above developments have led to the birth of a new discipline, popularly called Photonics. In photonics, photons play a role akin to electrons in electronic materials, devices and circuits. As a result, a large number of activities which were traditionally in the electr ...
... known photonic techniques. The above developments have led to the birth of a new discipline, popularly called Photonics. In photonics, photons play a role akin to electrons in electronic materials, devices and circuits. As a result, a large number of activities which were traditionally in the electr ...
Displacement Measuring Interferometry
... relative to the Zeeman frequency split, with a 20 MHz frequency difference being common, which supports much higher slew rates of the target. This technique is however less efficient in its use of the available light. One way to recover the lost power is to use the two lasing modes to supply two ind ...
... relative to the Zeeman frequency split, with a 20 MHz frequency difference being common, which supports much higher slew rates of the target. This technique is however less efficient in its use of the available light. One way to recover the lost power is to use the two lasing modes to supply two ind ...
Measurement of The Nonlinear Refractive Index by Z
... glasses, 10−10 to 10−8 in organic materials and 10−10 to 10−2 in semiconductors. It depends on the polarization state of the optical beam and it is sensitive to the operating wavelength. In most cases the peak intensity of the laser beam is around 1 GW/cm2 . ...
... glasses, 10−10 to 10−8 in organic materials and 10−10 to 10−2 in semiconductors. It depends on the polarization state of the optical beam and it is sensitive to the operating wavelength. In most cases the peak intensity of the laser beam is around 1 GW/cm2 . ...
Shifting the spherical focus of a 4Pi focusing system
... amplitude modulation, as done by Chen and Zhan in [14]. Second, we have assumed the maximum converging angle θmax to be 90° for the objective lens, which is absolutely impossible for practical objective lens. Meanwhile, when the aplanatic focusing system is used, the introduction of the amplitude mo ...
... amplitude modulation, as done by Chen and Zhan in [14]. Second, we have assumed the maximum converging angle θmax to be 90° for the objective lens, which is absolutely impossible for practical objective lens. Meanwhile, when the aplanatic focusing system is used, the introduction of the amplitude mo ...
Light Propagation in optical Fibres
... interference effect due to the phase of the plane associated with the ray is taken into account, it is seen that only waves at certain discrete angles greater than or equal to ϕc are capable of propagating along the fibre. The condition required for a wave propagation in the dielectric slab is that ...
... interference effect due to the phase of the plane associated with the ray is taken into account, it is seen that only waves at certain discrete angles greater than or equal to ϕc are capable of propagating along the fibre. The condition required for a wave propagation in the dielectric slab is that ...
Dynamic pulsed-beam shaping using a TAG lens in the
... Spatial light modulators are generally limited to refresh rates of less than 100 Hz, while galvanometers and acousto-optic modulators are primarily capable of deflecting and not shaping beams. Mirror arrays can be fast and effective, however they are expensive and subject to pixelation effects. Tuna ...
... Spatial light modulators are generally limited to refresh rates of less than 100 Hz, while galvanometers and acousto-optic modulators are primarily capable of deflecting and not shaping beams. Mirror arrays can be fast and effective, however they are expensive and subject to pixelation effects. Tuna ...
Diffraction grating has periodic structure that splits and diffracts light
... be used to demonstrate the effect by reflecting sunlight off them onto a white wall. (see ). This is a side effect of their manufacture, as one surface of a CD has many small pits in the plastic, arranged in a spiral; that surface has a thin layer of metal applied to make the pits more visible. The ...
... be used to demonstrate the effect by reflecting sunlight off them onto a white wall. (see ). This is a side effect of their manufacture, as one surface of a CD has many small pits in the plastic, arranged in a spiral; that surface has a thin layer of metal applied to make the pits more visible. The ...
File - Pragati fast updates
... reflection such that no light is lost. Light eventually bounces back and forth along the entire length of the fiber and emerges out. For total internal reflection to take place the incident light must be confined to a cone whose vertex angle ‘’ should not be greater than a certain allowed value. Th ...
... reflection such that no light is lost. Light eventually bounces back and forth along the entire length of the fiber and emerges out. For total internal reflection to take place the incident light must be confined to a cone whose vertex angle ‘’ should not be greater than a certain allowed value. Th ...
Imaging and focusing of an atomic beam with a large period
... In a first experiment, a slit of 2 gm width was used as an object (see Fig. 1). The aperture defining the diameter of the lens was 25 btm wide and placed 15 mm upstream from the standing wave. The lateral (z) position of the 25 lim slit could be adjusted by a piezo translation stage with high precis ...
... In a first experiment, a slit of 2 gm width was used as an object (see Fig. 1). The aperture defining the diameter of the lens was 25 btm wide and placed 15 mm upstream from the standing wave. The lateral (z) position of the 25 lim slit could be adjusted by a piezo translation stage with high precis ...
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic
... excitation. Such resonance in the gap can be thought of an an optical LC circuit, where the gap provides the effect of optical capacitance and the metal particles provide optical inductance [7]. For coupling between the two particles, the local illumination induces a z-direction resonance in the sy ...
... excitation. Such resonance in the gap can be thought of an an optical LC circuit, where the gap provides the effect of optical capacitance and the metal particles provide optical inductance [7]. For coupling between the two particles, the local illumination induces a z-direction resonance in the sy ...
Damping rates of the atomic velocity in Sisyphus cooling
... prepare and manipulate very cold and dense atomic samples [1,2]. Sisyphus cooling [3] represents a milestone in the history of laser cooling, particularly because this new cooling process demonstrated that the Doppler limit could be broken [4]. Furthermore, it is an important peculiarity of the Sisy ...
... prepare and manipulate very cold and dense atomic samples [1,2]. Sisyphus cooling [3] represents a milestone in the history of laser cooling, particularly because this new cooling process demonstrated that the Doppler limit could be broken [4]. Furthermore, it is an important peculiarity of the Sisy ...
oA3 MANIPULATING RESONANT MODES AT THE SUB
... wide range of sciences and technologies. The first experimental potential offered by the surface resonant modes has been to measure the optical properties of thin layers in a nanometric scale. Several applications have been conducted to probe surface effects, detection of molecular fluorescence, bio ...
... wide range of sciences and technologies. The first experimental potential offered by the surface resonant modes has been to measure the optical properties of thin layers in a nanometric scale. Several applications have been conducted to probe surface effects, detection of molecular fluorescence, bio ...
laser2-broadening
... spectroscopy. Narrow lines are highly desirable for both absorption and emission because they reduce the possibility of interference due to overlapping spectra. The line width ½ of an atomic absorption or emission line is defined as its width in wavelength units when measured at one half the ...
... spectroscopy. Narrow lines are highly desirable for both absorption and emission because they reduce the possibility of interference due to overlapping spectra. The line width ½ of an atomic absorption or emission line is defined as its width in wavelength units when measured at one half the ...
Ref. “Optical Materials”
... If the refractive index of the immersion liquid is lower than that of the glass, the Becke line will move inside the object when the distance between the objective lens and the specimen is increased. Decreasing the distance will cause the Becke Line to move outside the sample. If the immersion liqui ...
... If the refractive index of the immersion liquid is lower than that of the glass, the Becke line will move inside the object when the distance between the objective lens and the specimen is increased. Decreasing the distance will cause the Becke Line to move outside the sample. If the immersion liqui ...
Techniques to Improve 3D Optical Imaging
... animal thereby reducing the amount of tissue light propagates through. A direct comparison showing that compression increases signal levels is shown. Reconstructions for a compressed and uncompressed animal models will be shown co-registered to μCT data for cross validation. Sensitivity of fluoresce ...
... animal thereby reducing the amount of tissue light propagates through. A direct comparison showing that compression increases signal levels is shown. Reconstructions for a compressed and uncompressed animal models will be shown co-registered to μCT data for cross validation. Sensitivity of fluoresce ...
The optical microscopy with virtual image breaks
... within the imaging plane. The other practical limit is that the SPP-superlenses must be excited with a specific laser source and configuration (wavelength, polarization, incident angle). It is hard to achieve SPP-superlens function with a standard white light source. Our idea of super resolution mic ...
... within the imaging plane. The other practical limit is that the SPP-superlenses must be excited with a specific laser source and configuration (wavelength, polarization, incident angle). It is hard to achieve SPP-superlens function with a standard white light source. Our idea of super resolution mic ...
polarization_magnifier
... the cause of the dichroism-, the phase shift is also different for those axes, thus 0 . For example, for a small incidence angle, in the simplified case of a single round-trip in a single plate, // sin 4 nd cosr / where n is the refractive index of the material, d the plate ...
... the cause of the dichroism-, the phase shift is also different for those axes, thus 0 . For example, for a small incidence angle, in the simplified case of a single round-trip in a single plate, // sin 4 nd cosr / where n is the refractive index of the material, d the plate ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.