optically active substances.
... Quest: What about superposition of two circularly polarized light (RCP and LCP) beams with same amplitude and wavelength. Any plane polarized light wave can be obtained as a superposition of a left circularly polarized and a right circularly polarized light wave, whose amplitude is identical. This ...
... Quest: What about superposition of two circularly polarized light (RCP and LCP) beams with same amplitude and wavelength. Any plane polarized light wave can be obtained as a superposition of a left circularly polarized and a right circularly polarized light wave, whose amplitude is identical. This ...
Question bank Physics Part1 (Updated 9-July-12)
... shall we get in the same field of a Hg lamp using green filter passing light of wavelength λ = 5461 Ǻ . 39. Fresnel’s biprism fringes are observed with white light. When a thin transparent sheet covers one-half part of the biprism the central fringe shifts sideways by 14.97mm. With the same geometry ...
... shall we get in the same field of a Hg lamp using green filter passing light of wavelength λ = 5461 Ǻ . 39. Fresnel’s biprism fringes are observed with white light. When a thin transparent sheet covers one-half part of the biprism the central fringe shifts sideways by 14.97mm. With the same geometry ...
The Projecting Microscope
... diameters. You can reduce aberrations by making the proper choice of lens shape and orientation. Figure 2.1 shows the best lenses for this application are planar-convex (PCX) with the planar sides facing the most strongly divergent (or convergent) beams. The best performance can only be obtained by ...
... diameters. You can reduce aberrations by making the proper choice of lens shape and orientation. Figure 2.1 shows the best lenses for this application are planar-convex (PCX) with the planar sides facing the most strongly divergent (or convergent) beams. The best performance can only be obtained by ...
Holography - Princeton University
... the reference beam on the film. The path lengths of the reference and object beams should differ by less that the coherence length of the laser. Why? Recall that in the derivation above we ignored the contribution of |ψ0 |2 in comparison with |ψ1 |2 ; that is, we assumed that the reference beam was ...
... the reference beam on the film. The path lengths of the reference and object beams should differ by less that the coherence length of the laser. Why? Recall that in the derivation above we ignored the contribution of |ψ0 |2 in comparison with |ψ1 |2 ; that is, we assumed that the reference beam was ...
Observation of near-field correlations in spontaneous parametric
... mathematical description becomes identical to a classical expression used in nonlinear optics for the efficiency of second-harmonic generation in a medium pumped by a tightly focused Gaussian beam. The classical counterpart of our results has been predicted and observed a long time ago 关7,8兴. This i ...
... mathematical description becomes identical to a classical expression used in nonlinear optics for the efficiency of second-harmonic generation in a medium pumped by a tightly focused Gaussian beam. The classical counterpart of our results has been predicted and observed a long time ago 关7,8兴. This i ...
Overview
... n(l) = speed in vacuum c speed in medium v(l) -n, will always be greater than one -So, the index is a function of wavelength -Therefore, the amount of refraction is different -This effect is called chromatic dispersion n(l) d ...
... n(l) = speed in vacuum c speed in medium v(l) -n, will always be greater than one -So, the index is a function of wavelength -Therefore, the amount of refraction is different -This effect is called chromatic dispersion n(l) d ...
Resolution-and throughput-enhanced spectroscopy using high
... 50 µm aperture, Jansson deconvolution, and HTCS, respectively. As such, the spectral resolution of the HTCS spectrum is ∼2 times, ∼5 times, and ∼7 times higher than the spectral resolution of the 50 µm, Jansson, and the 200 µm spectra, respectively. This resolution enhancement can be observed in the ...
... 50 µm aperture, Jansson deconvolution, and HTCS, respectively. As such, the spectral resolution of the HTCS spectrum is ∼2 times, ∼5 times, and ∼7 times higher than the spectral resolution of the 50 µm, Jansson, and the 200 µm spectra, respectively. This resolution enhancement can be observed in the ...
Amplitude and Phase of Tightly Focused Laser Beams in Turbid Media
... the focal field. Diffraction theory models the focal volume as the spatial interference of the electric field and is sufficient to describe the propagation of a focused laser beam in homogeneous media [1]. However, biological samples are composed of cellular and extracellular components of varying s ...
... the focal field. Diffraction theory models the focal volume as the spatial interference of the electric field and is sufficient to describe the propagation of a focused laser beam in homogeneous media [1]. However, biological samples are composed of cellular and extracellular components of varying s ...
Concepts and Tools for Studying Microorganisms
... multicellular plants and animals. This view represents a mistaken perception. Despite their microscopic size, the prokaryotes exhibit every complex feature, or emerging property, common to all living organisms. These include: • DNA as the hereditary material and complex gene control. • Complex bioch ...
... multicellular plants and animals. This view represents a mistaken perception. Despite their microscopic size, the prokaryotes exhibit every complex feature, or emerging property, common to all living organisms. These include: • DNA as the hereditary material and complex gene control. • Complex bioch ...
7_SNOM
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
Document
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
optical fiber communication
... Because GaAsP LEDs operate at a longer wavelength than GaAs LEDs (1.3 micrometers vs. ...
... Because GaAsP LEDs operate at a longer wavelength than GaAs LEDs (1.3 micrometers vs. ...
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... Infrared light contains the least amount of energy per photon of any other band. Because of this, an infrared photon often lacks the energy required to pass the detection threshold of a quantum detector. Infrared is usually measured using a thermal detector such as a thermopile, which measures tempe ...
... Infrared light contains the least amount of energy per photon of any other band. Because of this, an infrared photon often lacks the energy required to pass the detection threshold of a quantum detector. Infrared is usually measured using a thermal detector such as a thermopile, which measures tempe ...
Optical Fiber Communication
... Because GaAsP LEDs operate at a longer wavelength than GaAs LEDs (1.3 micrometers vs. 0.81-0.87 micrometers), their output spectrum is wider by a factor of about 1.7. ...
... Because GaAsP LEDs operate at a longer wavelength than GaAs LEDs (1.3 micrometers vs. 0.81-0.87 micrometers), their output spectrum is wider by a factor of about 1.7. ...
Yellow nanosecond sum-frequency generating optical
... copper vapour lasers at 578 nm and dye lasers operating at 585 nm and 595 nm. These lasers are both bulky and inefficient and it would be attractive to develop a solid-state alternative to these lasers. One path that has been followed for the generation of yellow light is second harmonic generation ...
... copper vapour lasers at 578 nm and dye lasers operating at 585 nm and 595 nm. These lasers are both bulky and inefficient and it would be attractive to develop a solid-state alternative to these lasers. One path that has been followed for the generation of yellow light is second harmonic generation ...
SLR-17-03e
... For light sources with integrated electronics this "Electronic light source control gear" should be components between the supply and the light emitting elements. The definition was derived from IEC and CIE, where a light source is the light emitting element. Provisions for "electronic light source ...
... For light sources with integrated electronics this "Electronic light source control gear" should be components between the supply and the light emitting elements. The definition was derived from IEC and CIE, where a light source is the light emitting element. Provisions for "electronic light source ...
A Brief Journey to the Microbial World
... objects that are closer together than 0.2 m cannot be resolved as distinct and separate. Microscopes used in microbiology have ocular lenses that magnify 10920* and objective lenses of 109100* (Figure 2.1b). At 1000* , objects 0.2 m in diameter can just be resolved. With the 100* objective, and wi ...
... objects that are closer together than 0.2 m cannot be resolved as distinct and separate. Microscopes used in microbiology have ocular lenses that magnify 10920* and objective lenses of 109100* (Figure 2.1b). At 1000* , objects 0.2 m in diameter can just be resolved. With the 100* objective, and wi ...
Technical Article
... reference arm power is dispersed onto M photodetectors, the total reference power required to achieve shot noise-limited detection on all receivers simultaneously is more than that required for SS-OCT and TD-OCT by a factor of M. However, whether or not this requires re-design of the interferometer ...
... reference arm power is dispersed onto M photodetectors, the total reference power required to achieve shot noise-limited detection on all receivers simultaneously is more than that required for SS-OCT and TD-OCT by a factor of M. However, whether or not this requires re-design of the interferometer ...
Practice Quiz 4
... a. reflecting; different colors of light do not focus at the same point. b. refracting; different colors of light do not focus at the same point. c. reflecting; light of different wavelengths get absorbed by the mirror. d. refracting; light of different wavelengths get absorbed by the lens. ____ 30. ...
... a. reflecting; different colors of light do not focus at the same point. b. refracting; different colors of light do not focus at the same point. c. reflecting; light of different wavelengths get absorbed by the mirror. d. refracting; light of different wavelengths get absorbed by the lens. ____ 30. ...
MAMMOGRAPHIC DETECTORS
... to form a photoconducting layer that directly converts the incident x-rays into charge carriers that drift towards the collecting electrodes under the influence of an applied electric field. The direct detection systems have advantages compared to the indirect systems. As discussed earlier, x-rays a ...
... to form a photoconducting layer that directly converts the incident x-rays into charge carriers that drift towards the collecting electrodes under the influence of an applied electric field. The direct detection systems have advantages compared to the indirect systems. As discussed earlier, x-rays a ...
Fig. 35-2
... The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding many natural phenomena, ranging from color shifting in butterfly wings to intensity patterns formed by small apertures. These phenomena cannot be explained using simple geometrical optics, and are based on the wave nature of light. In ...
... The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding many natural phenomena, ranging from color shifting in butterfly wings to intensity patterns formed by small apertures. These phenomena cannot be explained using simple geometrical optics, and are based on the wave nature of light. In ...
Michelson interferometer
... A beam from the light source is incident on the glass plate G, which is coated on the side seen from mirror S1 with a thin layer of chromel.2 making it a semitransparent mirror, here employed as beam splitter. About half of the intensity of the incident light is reflected from the metal layer of pla ...
... A beam from the light source is incident on the glass plate G, which is coated on the side seen from mirror S1 with a thin layer of chromel.2 making it a semitransparent mirror, here employed as beam splitter. About half of the intensity of the incident light is reflected from the metal layer of pla ...
Basic Polarization Techniques and Devices
... This application note briefly describes polarized light, retardation and a few of the tools used to manipulate the polarization state of light. Also included are descriptions of basic component combinations that provide common light manipulation tools such as optical isolators, light attenuators, po ...
... This application note briefly describes polarized light, retardation and a few of the tools used to manipulate the polarization state of light. Also included are descriptions of basic component combinations that provide common light manipulation tools such as optical isolators, light attenuators, po ...
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... optical fields undergo modifications in terms of irradiance, phase, spectrum, direction, polarization, and coherence, which can reveal information about the sample of interest. Light scattering by cells and tissues evolved as a dynamic area of study, especially because this type of investigation can ...
... optical fields undergo modifications in terms of irradiance, phase, spectrum, direction, polarization, and coherence, which can reveal information about the sample of interest. Light scattering by cells and tissues evolved as a dynamic area of study, especially because this type of investigation can ...
Nano-optomechanical Actuator and Pull-Back Instability
... In Figure 2b, when the optical power is Pin = 2.8 mW, the curve of |Fopt| under Δ = 0.54 nm is highlighted. The two curves (Fmech and |Fopt|) intersect at three points, a, b, and c. When Δ = 0.46 nm, points a and b merge to a single point. When Δ < 0.46 nm, the merged point disappears, and only one ...
... In Figure 2b, when the optical power is Pin = 2.8 mW, the curve of |Fopt| under Δ = 0.54 nm is highlighted. The two curves (Fmech and |Fopt|) intersect at three points, a, b, and c. When Δ = 0.46 nm, points a and b merge to a single point. When Δ < 0.46 nm, the merged point disappears, and only one ...
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.