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Syntax final
Syntax final

... D- A compound complex sentence: a combination of two or more complex sentences. - I saw him when he entered the building but I didn’t see him when he left. ...
30-Pragmatics - Bases Produced
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... • However: sometimes, the meaning of a sentence can change depending on how it’s used in a particular context. • Sentence: a string of words put together by the grammatical rules of a language. • Sentences are abstract idealizations • Sentences are not physical events • Utterance: the use of a sente ...
CLAUSES NOTES I. Clauses A. a group of words B. has a subject
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... B. has a subject & predicate C. used as part of a sentence II. Main Clause A. has a subject & predicate B. able to stand ALONE as a complete sentence C. every sentence has at least ONE main clause D. some have more than one E. examples: 1. The boat sank, but the crew escaped. Subject Verb ...
Rules for Finding and Fixing Comma Splices and
Rules for Finding and Fixing Comma Splices and

... seven by learning the word fanboys. Each of the seven letters of fanboys stands for one of the coordinating conjunctions. F = for; A = and; N = nor; B = but; O = or; Y = yet; S = so Teamed up with a comma, these seven coordinating conjunctions can correctly join two main clauses. Take a look at our ...
CSentence Variety
CSentence Variety

... The sentence has been made into a past participial modifier by dropping the helping verb is and the subject Judith. The past participial alarmed now introduces the new sentence. A comma sets off the past participial modifier from the word it modifies, Judith. In order to avoid confusion, the word re ...
Grammar Practice - Ms. Jordan`s English Class
Grammar Practice - Ms. Jordan`s English Class

... 16. In the sentence "I have miles to go before I sleep," which of the following is true: A. A participle serves as an adverb. B. An infinitive serves as an adjective. C. An infinitive serves as a direct object. D. A participle serves as an indirect object. E. An infinitive serves as an indirect obje ...
Active Reading Strategies pages 43-55
Active Reading Strategies pages 43-55

... A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without a punctuation mark or a conjunction. Run-on sentences are also known as fused sentences. Some run-ons can be caused by a comma splice which occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined with a comma but without ...
Thursday Session_Sentence Level Work
Thursday Session_Sentence Level Work

... should provide) a vocabulary card with term on front, definition and examples on back; explain the term and its definition; and have them explain it back to you or, in the case of large group instruction, to each other. Students can illustrate their cards as well. ...
Craft Table for A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L`Engle Craft Moves
Craft Table for A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L`Engle Craft Moves

... Wallace. “His pajamaed feet padding softy” shows his tender demeanor without detracting from the action verbs of the sentence—“slid down from his chair and trotted over to the refrigerator”—on his way to prepare sandwiches for his mother and Meg. The flexibility of adverbs gives writers the freedom ...
Grammar Glossary, Autumn 2016
Grammar Glossary, Autumn 2016

... Indirect speech is used to report what has been said without using the speaker’s exact words. This is also known as reported speech. Inverted commas are not ...
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Gerunds and Gerund Phrases

... The Bears are winning the game (main verb)  The winning team scores the most points (adjective)  Winning is ...
Proofreading for Commas
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... 1. Skim your paper, looking for a phrase or clause in each sentence that explains or gives more information about a word or phrase that comes before it. 2. If you can delete the phrase or clause and still keep the meaning, the phrase or clause is probably nonessential and needs two commas, one befor ...
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... 7. The report, supported by the accounts of two witnesses, proves he did not commit the crime. The ___________ report, supported by two accounts, proves he did not commit the crime. 8. The flavor of the bread was improved when he put butter on it. The ___________ flavor was improved when he put butt ...
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... CANNOT be the object of a preposition, so cross off prepositional phrases * The simple subject can be compound. * In imperative sentences the subject = implied you * In questions, the subject often follows the verb. * The subject of a sentence is NEVER here or there. > in this situation, here and th ...
Guide to Common Punctuation Errors
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... Rachel B. Lake, MD, will be the principal speaker. When you use just the month and the year, no comma is necessary after the month or year. "The average temperatures for July 1998 are the highest on record for that month.") 12. Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation. John sa ...
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... The hardworking students studied their algebra for many hours;  however, the unconcerned students partied all night.   ...
Comma Usage Commas Guidelines 3 pages long (ELC charges 10
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... Mr. Jones described two planets, Mars and Saturn. (in apposition with the object, planets) My favorite teacher was Mr. Jones, my science teacher. (in apposition with the predicate complement, Mr. Jones) An appositive may sum up the meaning of a whole group of words: Mr. Jones chews gum noisily and c ...
Relative Clauses
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... e.g. 4. Either he didn’t bring the book, or someone took it from him. e.g. 5. I’m selling my car and (I’m) buying a new one. e.g. 6. Mohammed is going on a trip for a few days, but (he) will be back before Saturday. e.g. 7. He may have received the letter but (he may have) forgotten to reply. ...
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... independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it.  A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.  A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent c ...
The Clause:
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... • a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It tells when, where, how, why, to what extent, or under what conditions. • An adverb clause is usually introduced by a subordinating conjunction. They can come either before or after the main clause. When an adverb clause come ...
rules handout - Coronado High School
rules handout - Coronado High School

... No one else was home, so I brought in the groceries myself. The intensive pronoun myself emphasizes the pronoun I. After waiting in line all afternoon, we were finally able to meet the queen herself. The intensive pronoun herself emphasizes the noun queen. One way to tell if a pronoun is reflexive o ...
nouns - Coronado High School
nouns - Coronado High School

... No one else was home, so I brought in the groceries myself. The intensive pronoun myself emphasizes the pronoun I. After waiting in line all afternoon, we were finally able to meet the queen herself. The intensive pronoun herself emphasizes the noun queen. One way to tell if a pronoun is reflexive o ...
Chapter 6 PHRASES, CLAUSES, AND SENTENCES
Chapter 6 PHRASES, CLAUSES, AND SENTENCES

... forget everything but the clause itself: whoever presented the winning ticket, yes; whomever presented the winning ticket, no.) The following two sentences show more dramatically how you must focus on the clause rather than the complete sentence in choosing the right pronoun case. We asked whomever ...
The Elements of Style-William Strunk Jr.
The Elements of Style-William Strunk Jr.

... This book is intended for use in English courses in which the practice of composition is combined with the study of literature. It aims to give in brief space the principal requirements of plain English style. It aims to lighten the task of instructor and student by concentrating attention (in Chapt ...
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Using Commas After Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses

... Note: This section includes some common examples that signal to a writer that a comma is usually needed after an introductory element. These examples are based on the ELAR TEKS for grades 6–8. This section does not represent all of the different types of introductory words, phrases, or clauses that ...
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Sloppy identity

In linguistics, Sloppy Identity is an interpretive issue involved in contexts like Verb Phrase Ellipsis where the identity of the pronoun in an elided VP (Verb Phrase) is not identical to the antecedent VP.For example, English allows VPs to be elided, as in example 1). The elided VP can be interpreted in at least two ways, namely as in (1a) or (1b) for this example.In (1a), the pronoun his refers to John in both the first and the second clause. This is done by assigning the same index to John and to both the “his” pronouns. This is called the “strict identity” reading because the elided VP is interpreted as being identical to the antecedent VP.In (1b), the pronoun his refers to John in the first clause, but the pronoun his in the second clause refers to Bob. This is done by assigning a different index to the pronoun his in the two clauses. In the first clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with John, in the second clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with Bob. This is called the “sloppy identity” reading because the elided VP is not interpreted as identical to the antecedent VP.1) John scratched his arm and Bob did too.This sentence can have a strict reading:1) a. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisi arm] too.Or a sloppy reading:1) b. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisj arm] too.
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