Sensation
... An early stage of perception in which neurons in a receptor create an internal pattern of nerve impulses that represent the conditions that stimulated it – either inside or outside the body Perception – A process that makes sensory patterns meaningful and more elaborate Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2 ...
... An early stage of perception in which neurons in a receptor create an internal pattern of nerve impulses that represent the conditions that stimulated it – either inside or outside the body Perception – A process that makes sensory patterns meaningful and more elaborate Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2 ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... Fig. 2. The effect of competitive stimulus interactions on unisensory and multisensory responses in an example neuron. A: within the schematics of visual-auditory space (each concentric circle represents 10°), icons denote the locations of visual (V), auditory (A), and cross-modal (VA) stimuli relat ...
... Fig. 2. The effect of competitive stimulus interactions on unisensory and multisensory responses in an example neuron. A: within the schematics of visual-auditory space (each concentric circle represents 10°), icons denote the locations of visual (V), auditory (A), and cross-modal (VA) stimuli relat ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... Received in revised form 4 May 2009 Accepted 5 May 2009 Available online 14 May 2009 ...
... Received in revised form 4 May 2009 Accepted 5 May 2009 Available online 14 May 2009 ...
Auditory Pathways and Processes
... behavioral responses to auditory and visual inputs (Pastor et al., 2008). The basal ganglia have been identified as having a role in processing auditory signal aspects of speech (Kotz, Schwartze, & Schmidt-Kassow, 2009), particularly timing. Efferent pathways, thought to be part of a feedback loop t ...
... behavioral responses to auditory and visual inputs (Pastor et al., 2008). The basal ganglia have been identified as having a role in processing auditory signal aspects of speech (Kotz, Schwartze, & Schmidt-Kassow, 2009), particularly timing. Efferent pathways, thought to be part of a feedback loop t ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
... hypotheses regarding interactivity between hub and spoke regions in this manner. This could reflect, at least in part, the considerable methodological challenge of isolating activation specific to semantic processes from that associated with sensorimotor perceptual processes per se. Conventional sub ...
... hypotheses regarding interactivity between hub and spoke regions in this manner. This could reflect, at least in part, the considerable methodological challenge of isolating activation specific to semantic processes from that associated with sensorimotor perceptual processes per se. Conventional sub ...
Olfactory maps, circuits and computations
... reward-based learning rules to encode odor valence. We argue that in contrast to brain circuits for other sensory modalities, both the piriform and the olfactory tubercle largely discard any topography present in the bulb and instead use distributive afferent connectivity, local learning rules and i ...
... reward-based learning rules to encode odor valence. We argue that in contrast to brain circuits for other sensory modalities, both the piriform and the olfactory tubercle largely discard any topography present in the bulb and instead use distributive afferent connectivity, local learning rules and i ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... What brain structure is responsible for the ability to maintain multiple items in short term memory? Decades of research have firmly established the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as critical for the maintenance of single items in short term memory. This would, therefore, be the first place to look ...
... What brain structure is responsible for the ability to maintain multiple items in short term memory? Decades of research have firmly established the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as critical for the maintenance of single items in short term memory. This would, therefore, be the first place to look ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and s ...
... Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and s ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... receptive fields of cells in the primary visual cortex follows a retino-topical organization and provides a topographic map of the visual world. Simple cells have an elongated receptive field structure, with an excitatory central oval and an inhibitory surrounding region (Hubel & Wiesel, 1968). In o ...
... receptive fields of cells in the primary visual cortex follows a retino-topical organization and provides a topographic map of the visual world. Simple cells have an elongated receptive field structure, with an excitatory central oval and an inhibitory surrounding region (Hubel & Wiesel, 1968). In o ...
Articulation-based sound perception in verbal repetition: a functional
... in which neural activities representing speech sounds are more likely to be directly modulated by frequency and duration of sound waves. However, the latter regards speech perception as a process in an articulatory domain, not in an acoustic domain (Liberman and Mattingly, 1985; Fowler, 1986). In th ...
... in which neural activities representing speech sounds are more likely to be directly modulated by frequency and duration of sound waves. However, the latter regards speech perception as a process in an articulatory domain, not in an acoustic domain (Liberman and Mattingly, 1985; Fowler, 1986). In th ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... monkeys showed that this cortical area integrates signals from several modalities, among them visual and oculomotor signals. Depending on where the monkey is looking, light sensitive cells respond with a certain neural gain. This neural modulation by the direction of gaze would be the basis for enco ...
... monkeys showed that this cortical area integrates signals from several modalities, among them visual and oculomotor signals. Depending on where the monkey is looking, light sensitive cells respond with a certain neural gain. This neural modulation by the direction of gaze would be the basis for enco ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... process, and now the blue and red dots belong to the same perceptual group. (B ) Grouping by connectedness. In the left image, the two red dots are located on a single, connected object, and in the right image they are not. This example illustrates that one can influence grouping by changing the stim ...
... process, and now the blue and red dots belong to the same perceptual group. (B ) Grouping by connectedness. In the left image, the two red dots are located on a single, connected object, and in the right image they are not. This example illustrates that one can influence grouping by changing the stim ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... found to vary only little between animals (elevation: ⫹32.7 ⫾ 1.5° SEM; azimuth: 55.0 ⫾ 2.0° SEM; n ⫽ 6 eyes from three mice). Imag ing and visual stimulation. For visual stimulation we backprojected the stimuli with a video beamer onto a curved plastic screen covering the visual field in horizontal ...
... found to vary only little between animals (elevation: ⫹32.7 ⫾ 1.5° SEM; azimuth: 55.0 ⫾ 2.0° SEM; n ⫽ 6 eyes from three mice). Imag ing and visual stimulation. For visual stimulation we backprojected the stimuli with a video beamer onto a curved plastic screen covering the visual field in horizontal ...
Cross-Modal Transfer of Information between the Tactile
... modalities, as shown by the linear regression curves. The direction of cross-modal information transfer (i.e., tactile to visual vs visual to tactile) had no influence on the performance (Fig. 4). During the actual PET scanning, the probability of a responding match given a matching pair, i.e., p(ma ...
... modalities, as shown by the linear regression curves. The direction of cross-modal information transfer (i.e., tactile to visual vs visual to tactile) had no influence on the performance (Fig. 4). During the actual PET scanning, the probability of a responding match given a matching pair, i.e., p(ma ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... such as in visual occlusion (Smith and Muckli, 2010) or illusion (Lee and Nguyen, 2001; Muckli et al., 2005; Murray et al., 2006; Weigelt et al., 2007; Maus et al., 2010; Kok and de Lange, 2014), in the blind (e.g., Amedi et al., 2004), blindfolded (Vetter et al., 2014) or sleeping (Horikawa et al., ...
... such as in visual occlusion (Smith and Muckli, 2010) or illusion (Lee and Nguyen, 2001; Muckli et al., 2005; Murray et al., 2006; Weigelt et al., 2007; Maus et al., 2010; Kok and de Lange, 2014), in the blind (e.g., Amedi et al., 2004), blindfolded (Vetter et al., 2014) or sleeping (Horikawa et al., ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... In such a multifaceted framework, the Borsuk-Ulam theorem (BUT) from topology comes into play. This theorem tells us that two opposite points on a sphere, when projected on a one-dimension lower circumference, give rise to a single point displaying a matching description [13]. In this review, we wil ...
... In such a multifaceted framework, the Borsuk-Ulam theorem (BUT) from topology comes into play. This theorem tells us that two opposite points on a sphere, when projected on a one-dimension lower circumference, give rise to a single point displaying a matching description [13]. In this review, we wil ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... example, even centrally presented novel objects can guide people’s eyes and attention in a particular direction because of the way that they are shaped, despite the fact that doing so is task-irrelevant or even detrimental to task performance (Sigurdardottir et al., 2014). These orienting effects ar ...
... example, even centrally presented novel objects can guide people’s eyes and attention in a particular direction because of the way that they are shaped, despite the fact that doing so is task-irrelevant or even detrimental to task performance (Sigurdardottir et al., 2014). These orienting effects ar ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... sparser firing and increased power at gamma frequency in superficial layers. In this desynchronized state, the reduction in onset response variability in both AC and MGB was accompanied by cell typespecific firing, with decreased responses of cortical broad spiking cells, but increased responses of ...
... sparser firing and increased power at gamma frequency in superficial layers. In this desynchronized state, the reduction in onset response variability in both AC and MGB was accompanied by cell typespecific firing, with decreased responses of cortical broad spiking cells, but increased responses of ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... was equipped with a nose poke operandum (100 diameter, CI model H21-10R) located at the center of one wall with a speaker (8 X, CI model H12-01M) and houselight above it. Nose pokes (NP) were detected by an infrared photo beam inside the entrance of the nose poke device. The implanted electrode was ...
... was equipped with a nose poke operandum (100 diameter, CI model H21-10R) located at the center of one wall with a speaker (8 X, CI model H12-01M) and houselight above it. Nose pokes (NP) were detected by an infrared photo beam inside the entrance of the nose poke device. The implanted electrode was ...
Chapter 10 - MBFys Home Page
... undergoes invagination to form the optic cup (Figure 10.3; see also Chapter 21). The inner wall of the optic cup gives rise to the retina, while the outer wall gives rise to the retinal pigment epithelium. This epithelium is a thin melanin-containing structure that reduces backscattering of light th ...
... undergoes invagination to form the optic cup (Figure 10.3; see also Chapter 21). The inner wall of the optic cup gives rise to the retina, while the outer wall gives rise to the retinal pigment epithelium. This epithelium is a thin melanin-containing structure that reduces backscattering of light th ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... provided further behavioral measures that could be directly correlated with physiology, thereby allowing pioneering studies into the perception of odor mixtures (for reviews, see Refs. 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster ...
... provided further behavioral measures that could be directly correlated with physiology, thereby allowing pioneering studies into the perception of odor mixtures (for reviews, see Refs. 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster ...
Somatic and Special Senses
... http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_02/d_02_m/d_02_m_vis/d_02_m_vis_1a.jpg ...
... http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_02/d_02_m/d_02_m_vis/d_02_m_vis_1a.jpg ...
Visual estimation of travel distance during walking
... we have performed distance estimation experiments in virtual environments with simulated observer movement through different scenes. We have first used a discrimination paradigm in which subjects were presented with two successive visually simulated self-motions in a simple planar environment, and a ...
... we have performed distance estimation experiments in virtual environments with simulated observer movement through different scenes. We have first used a discrimination paradigm in which subjects were presented with two successive visually simulated self-motions in a simple planar environment, and a ...