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4/FS/O/C - India Environment Portal
4/FS/O/C - India Environment Portal

... lead to more rainfall variability and increased frequency of extreme events, resulting in more and longer dry spells due to global warming. Soil is the key Innovative strategies are required to help the dryland farmer overcome these difficulties. As the world’s top research centre for dryland agricu ...
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Avocado Root Rot - Avocadosource.com
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... Many gardeners like to till their garden beds on an annual basis to “fluff” up the soil and provide a nice, open space for their plantings. While the appearance and smell may be appealing, few know that they are actually in many cases doing more harm than good. Tilling the soil has the following nui ...
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... PM emissions, lbs per year constant 4.8 lbs/acre-pass dimensionless particle size multiplier (PM10= 0.21; PM2.5 = 0.042) silt content of surface soil, defined as the mass fraction of particles smaller than 75 µm diameter found in soil to a depth of 10 cm (%) number of passes or tillings in a year ac ...
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... • Soil is a combination of mineral and organic mater, water, and air • That portion of the regolith (rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering) that supports the growth of plants • Up to 45% mineral matter ...
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Tillage



Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shovelling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. Examples of draft-animal-powered or mechanized work include ploughing (overturning with moldboards or chiseling with chisel shanks), rototilling, rolling with cultipackers or other rollers, harrowing, and cultivating with cultivator shanks (teeth). Small-scale gardening and farming, for household food production or small business production, tends to use the smaller-scale methods above, whereas medium- to large-scale farming tends to use the larger-scale methods. There is a fluid continuum, however. Any type of gardening or farming, but especially larger-scale commercial types, may also use low-till or no-till methods as well.Tillage is often classified into two types, primary and secondary. There is no strict boundary between them so much as a loose distinction between tillage that is deeper and more thorough (primary) and tillage that is shallower and sometimes more selective of location (secondary). Primary tillage such as ploughing tends to produce a rough surface finish, whereas secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish, such as that required to make a good seedbed for many crops. Harrowing and rototilling often combine primary and secondary tillage into one operation.""Tillage"" can also mean the land that is tilled. The word ""cultivation"" has several senses that overlap substantially with those of ""tillage"". In a general context, both can refer to agriculture. Within agriculture, both can refer to any of the kinds of soil agitation described above. Additionally, ""cultivation"" or ""cultivating"" may refer to an even narrower sense of shallow, selective secondary tillage of row crop fields that kills weeds while sparing the crop plants.
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