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functional retrograde amnesia
functional retrograde amnesia

... shock. The problem of organic retrograde amnesia was addressed by early students of memory pathology [l, 23, and has received a great deal of attention in recent experimental research [3, 41. Retrograde amnesia can also occur in the absence of detectable brain pathology as a consequence of severe ps ...
Memory metaphors in cognitive psychology
Memory metaphors in cognitive psychology

... evaluated, and the role of analogical explanation in psychology is briefly considered. One result of the increasing number of analogical models is the proliferation of hypothetical mental constructs that are only loosely connected to behavioral measures. It is a natural impulse, when confronted with ...
THE EFFECTS OF BACKGROUND NOISE ON RECOGNITION
THE EFFECTS OF BACKGROUND NOISE ON RECOGNITION

Source Memory Enhancement for Emotional Words
Source Memory Enhancement for Emotional Words

Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008

... Structural images were acquired using a high-resolution sagittal, T1weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo sequence (1 3 1 3 1.25 mm voxels). Functional images (140 per run) were collected with an asymmetric spin echo, echo-planar imaging sequence sensitive to blood oxygen level--depend ...
The Frontal Cortex and Working with Memory
The Frontal Cortex and Working with Memory

The effects of depth processing and handedness on episodic memory
The effects of depth processing and handedness on episodic memory

Synesthesia and memory
Synesthesia and memory

Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple

... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
The Problem State: A Cognitive Bottleneck in
The Problem State: A Cognitive Bottleneck in

... in the driving task, participants had to memorize the turns to take at the next intersections in one condition, while in the other condition, arrows pointed out the route. In the navigation task, the two conditions differed in whether the participants had to memorize the full address before entering ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex

... task is an example of a task that is considered to require reference memory. In this task, the subject’s behavioral response to a particular visual stimulus is always rewarded throughout the experiment. Therefore, the formation of an association between a particular visual stimulus and a particular ...
Chapter 9 – Memory
Chapter 9 – Memory

... called iconic memory, lasting no more than 1/10th of a second. Delayed signal by more than half a second, iconic memory would be gone. Echoic memory – sensory of auditory stimuli, recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. Ex. “what did I just say?”  Working/Short – Term Memory Unless our working memory meani ...
A Thesis Entitled The Effects of Depth of Processing and
A Thesis Entitled The Effects of Depth of Processing and

... possible versus those who did not had approximately the same recall performance. The only factor found to impact recall was the participants’ level of processing. It is worth mentioning that while LOP effects can be very robust they do have clear constraints. Challis, Velichovsky, and Craik (1996) f ...
Enactment versus conceptual encoding: Equivalent item
Enactment versus conceptual encoding: Equivalent item

... that the object be identified and involve retrieval of some information about its typical attributes. Both encoding tasks also involve a self-initiated strategy to produce an acceptable response because the actions to be performed are selected by the participant rather than the experimenter, and it ...
neurobiology of reconstructed memory
neurobiology of reconstructed memory

... involved in memory are, in contrast to the hippocampus, functional at birth, allowing a variety of forms of learning to occur (e.g., Bayer, 1980; Humphrey, 1968). Thus, much can be learned early in life, but we do not store (and hence cannot retrieve) information about the time and place in which th ...
Understanding Memory and Memory impairments
Understanding Memory and Memory impairments

Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)
Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)

... as well as for virtually any other type of material—words, faces and names, poetry, historical dates, and so on. Twelve years ago, before he started training his memory abilities, he had a digit span of 7, just like most of us. Simon has been training his abilities for about 10 years as of this writ ...
The Contribution of Executive Function to Source
The Contribution of Executive Function to Source

... Developmental investigations of source memory reveal that children have difficulty recollecting the contextual details associated with an event. For example, 6-year-olds, compared with 9-year-olds and adults, are worse at discriminating between self-generated memories of performed and imagined actio ...
The Theory of Mind Atlas - Theory of Mind Inventory
The Theory of Mind Atlas - Theory of Mind Inventory

... the ability to engage in future thinking is associated with the capacity for episodic memory (recalling past events) and, 2) both areas tend to be impaired in ASD (Jackson & Atance, 2008; Lind, Bowler, & Raber, 2014; Lind, Williams, Bowler, & Peel, 2014; Terret et al., 2013; but see Crane, Lind, & B ...
The Precarious Present
The Precarious Present

... maturational suspension seen in such syndromes as Borderline Personality Disorder and other severe attachment disorders in which the “self” may be stuck in the first decade of life. ...
Behavioural Brain Research Acute
Behavioural Brain Research Acute

Investigating Influence of Suggestive Misinformation in the
Investigating Influence of Suggestive Misinformation in the

... focuses on the vast capacities and triumphs of our brain to encode and recall, the past decades have seen a growing interest in how the mind fails- its pitfalls and limitations. Memory is malleable and situations, stories, details, and events that seem genuine can infiltrate memory with tools as sim ...
Standard Consolidation Theory versus Multiple Trace - UvA-DARE
Standard Consolidation Theory versus Multiple Trace - UvA-DARE

... because it is impossible: however much we would wish to, we do not remember those first few days. But from about our fourth year of life, we all, gradually, do become able to save things in our memory and keep them there, forever. Places, houses, situations, feelings, people, will live in our minds, ...
Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memories
Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memories

... asked to name each odour and indicate whether each odour evoked a personal memory. When a memory was evoked, subjects were asked to describe this briefly and rate it on each of five ratings scales (emotionality, clarity, specificity, rarity, age). Herz and Cupchik’s results characterize odourevoked ...
Representing Number Sets: Encoding Statistical Properties
Representing Number Sets: Encoding Statistical Properties

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Mind-wandering

Mind-wandering (sometimes referred to as task-unrelated thought) is the experience of thoughts not remaining on a single topic for a long period of time, particularly when people are not engaged in an attention-demanding task.Mind-wandering tends to occur during driving, reading and other activities where vigilance may be low. In these situations, people do not remember what happened in the surrounding environment because they are pre-occupied with their thoughts. This is known as the decoupling hypothesis. Studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have quantified the extent that mind-wandering reduces the cortical processing of the external environment. When thoughts are unrelated to the task at hand, the brain processes both task relevant and unrelated sensory information in a less detailed manner.Mind-wandering appears to be a stable trait of people and a transient state. Studies have linked performance problems in the laboratory and in daily life. Mind-wandering has been associated with possible car accidents. Mind-wandering is also intimately linked to states of affect. Studies indicate that task-unrelated thoughts are common in people with low or depressed mood. Mind-wandering also occurs when a person is intoxicated via the consumption of alcohol.It is common during mind-wandering to engage in mental time travel or the consideration of personally relevant events from the past and the anticipation of events in the future. Poet Joseph Brodsky described it as a “psychological Sahara,” a cognitive desert “that starts right in your bedroom and spurns the horizon.” The hands of the clock seem to stop; the stream of consciousness slows to a drip. We want to be anywhere but here.Studies have demonstrated a prospective bias to spontaneous thought because individuals tend to engage in more future than past related thoughts during mind-wandering.
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