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Introduction to Computer Networking
Introduction to Computer Networking

... There are fortunately exceptions to this statement. Layer interfaces where service compatibility is often implemented are: the data link layer the transport layer. For example, it is possible to use various protocol families over the same local area ...
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...  IP (Internet Protocol) is the principal protocol of the network layer. It is used by both TCP and UDP (above) and hence by most network applications. Further, ICMP and IGMP messages (below) are transmitted as IP packets. IP defines a datagram delivery service which is connectionless and unreliabl ...
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... The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a suite or a stack of protocols that officially controls the Internet. In other words, it is a standard set of communication rules used by every computer that connects to the Internet. The layers in the TCP/IP protocol do not exactly match those ...
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Internet protocol suite



The Internet protocol suite is the computer networking model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because among many protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) is the accepted and most widely used protocol in Internet. Often also called the Internet model, it was originally also known as the DoD model, because the development of the networking model was funded by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense.TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers which are used to sort all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication technologies for a single network segment (link); the internet layer, connecting hosts across independent networks, thus establishing internetworking; the transport layer handling host-to-host communication; and the application layer, which provides process-to-process application data exchange.The TCP/IP model and related protocol models are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
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