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Expressiveness of Logic Programs under the General Stable Model
Expressiveness of Logic Programs under the General Stable Model

Document
Document

Limits and Infinite Series Lecture Notes for Math 226 by´Arpád Bényi
Limits and Infinite Series Lecture Notes for Math 226 by´Arpád Bényi

... Math 226 is a first introduction to formal arguments in mathematical analysis that is centered around the concept of limit. You have already encountered this concept in your calculus classes, but now you will see it treated from an abstract (and more rigorous) point of view. A main goal of this cours ...
Almost-certain eventualities and abstract probabilities in quantitative
Almost-certain eventualities and abstract probabilities in quantitative

37(2)
37(2)

Divisor Goldbach Conjecture and its Partition Number
Divisor Goldbach Conjecture and its Partition Number

A Proof Theory for Generic Judgments
A Proof Theory for Generic Judgments

SECTION B Subsets
SECTION B Subsets

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Document

Short intervals with a given number of primes
Short intervals with a given number of primes

Full text
Full text

... Qk , one is negative, one is positive, and all the others are nonreal. Then the zeros of Qk+1 , obtained by applying the functions `(x) and u(x) in (2) to the zeros of Qk , have the same distribution: one negative, one positive, and all others nonreal. Therefore, this distribution holds for every n ...
Putnam Training Problems 2005
Putnam Training Problems 2005

pdf
pdf

... one definition of mathematics is that it is “proving statements about abstract objects.” You probably first met this conception of mathematics in your secondary school geometry course. While Euclid wasn’t the first person to prove mathematical propositions, his treatment of geometry was the first sy ...
Chapter Three Three Partial Solutions to Hilbert`s Seventh Problem.
Chapter Three Three Partial Solutions to Hilbert`s Seventh Problem.

Name: Improper Integrals Done Properly
Name: Improper Integrals Done Properly

One-dimensional Fragment of First-order Logic
One-dimensional Fragment of First-order Logic

Approximate equivalence relations.
Approximate equivalence relations.

Ramsey Theory, Integer Partitions and a New Proof of the Erd˝os
Ramsey Theory, Integer Partitions and a New Proof of the Erd˝os

... The original proof in [9] of ESL was based on establishing the recurrence relation f (n+1, n+1) ≤ f (n, n) + 2n − 1. By now, there are several proofs of ESL. In fact, Steele [27] has collected 7 of these proofs, and dubbed the following pigeonhole-type proof by Seidenberg [23] as “the slickest and m ...
Equality in the Presence of Apartness: An Application of Structural
Equality in the Presence of Apartness: An Application of Structural

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File

Sets, Logic, Computation
Sets, Logic, Computation

Computability on the Real Numbers
Computability on the Real Numbers

... binary rational numbers Q2 := {z/2n | z ∈ Z, n ∈ N}. Computability concepts introduced via robust definitions are not sensitive to “inessential” modifications. It can be expected that they occur in many applications. On the other hand, computability concepts introduced via nonrobust definitions are ...
mean square of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions at 1
mean square of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions at 1

On the expansions of a real number to several integer bases Yann
On the expansions of a real number to several integer bases Yann

... Our last result is a metric statement concerning simple normality to distinct bases. Apparently, Hertling [16] was the first to establish the correct analogue of Theorem CS when normality is replaced by simple normality. Theorem H. Simple normality to base b implies simple normality to base b0 if an ...
19(5)
19(5)

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Non-standard calculus

In mathematics, non-standard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of non-standard analysis, to differential and integral calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic.Calculations with infinitesimals were widely used before Karl Weierstrass sought to replace them with the (ε, δ)-definition of limit starting in the 1870s. (See history of calculus.) For almost one hundred years thereafter, mathematicians like Richard Courant viewed infinitesimals as being naive and vague or meaningless.Contrary to such views, Abraham Robinson showed in 1960 that infinitesimals are precise, clear, and meaningful, building upon work by Edwin Hewitt and Jerzy Łoś. According to Jerome Keisler, ""Robinson solved a three hundred year old problem by giving a precise treatment of infinitesimals. Robinson's achievement will probably rank as one of the major mathematical advances of the twentieth century.""
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