8505
... ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. The classification of magnetic materials is based upon the generally recognized existence of two main groups of products. - soft magnetic materials (coercivity less than or equal to 1000 A/m) - hard magnetic materials (coercivity greater than 1000 A/m) With ...
... ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. The classification of magnetic materials is based upon the generally recognized existence of two main groups of products. - soft magnetic materials (coercivity less than or equal to 1000 A/m) - hard magnetic materials (coercivity greater than 1000 A/m) With ...
experimental investigations of the electron cloud key
... desorption and unmanageable heat loads on the cryogenic system, an extensive experimental research program is underway at CERN to quantify the key parameters driving these phenomena. Parameters, such as: photoelectron yield, photon reflectivity, secondary electron yield etc from industrially prepare ...
... desorption and unmanageable heat loads on the cryogenic system, an extensive experimental research program is underway at CERN to quantify the key parameters driving these phenomena. Parameters, such as: photoelectron yield, photon reflectivity, secondary electron yield etc from industrially prepare ...
Magnetic structure and hysteresis in hard magnetic nanocrystalline film: Computer simulation
... length parameters, ␦ W and L ex , are of the order of several nanometers. These lengths are comparable with or even smaller than the grain sizes of nanocrystalline films. Under these circumstances, the assumption of single-domain grains is not always valid. Usually the thickness of a perpendicular f ...
... length parameters, ␦ W and L ex , are of the order of several nanometers. These lengths are comparable with or even smaller than the grain sizes of nanocrystalline films. Under these circumstances, the assumption of single-domain grains is not always valid. Usually the thickness of a perpendicular f ...
The Autler–Townes Effect in Molecules
... In recent years experimental investigations in the field of quantum optics have expanded from atomic to molecular systems despite orders of magnitude weaker oscillator strengths and complex relaxation pathways in molecules that represented serious challenges in the past. The richness of molecular ex ...
... In recent years experimental investigations in the field of quantum optics have expanded from atomic to molecular systems despite orders of magnitude weaker oscillator strengths and complex relaxation pathways in molecules that represented serious challenges in the past. The richness of molecular ex ...
Negative refractive index metamaterials - Dimitri Basov
... Engineered materials composed of designed inclusions can exhibit exotic and unique electromagnetic properties not inherent in the individual ...
... Engineered materials composed of designed inclusions can exhibit exotic and unique electromagnetic properties not inherent in the individual ...
Ion dynamics in a two-ion-species plasma
... that is composed of protons (the ion species denoted by 1) and carbon ions (the ion species denoted by 2). Apparent in Fig. 2 are the resonance and the cutoff, as well as the forbidden gap of frequencies. For our parameters ωr /Ω2 = 1.8353 and ωc /Ω2 = 2.2857. The dispersion relation, Eq. (19), is e ...
... that is composed of protons (the ion species denoted by 1) and carbon ions (the ion species denoted by 2). Apparent in Fig. 2 are the resonance and the cutoff, as well as the forbidden gap of frequencies. For our parameters ωr /Ω2 = 1.8353 and ωc /Ω2 = 2.2857. The dispersion relation, Eq. (19), is e ...
Motional Emf
... So far we have dealt only with currents and magnetic fields which are constant in time, and we have shown that currents (i.e. moving charges) produce magnetic fields. Can magnetic fields produce currents? --> yes, if the magnetic field going through a loop of wire is changing in time! There are a nu ...
... So far we have dealt only with currents and magnetic fields which are constant in time, and we have shown that currents (i.e. moving charges) produce magnetic fields. Can magnetic fields produce currents? --> yes, if the magnetic field going through a loop of wire is changing in time! There are a nu ...
CHAPTER 27: Magnetism Responses to Questions
... 13. The particle will move in an elongating helical path in the direction of the electric field (for a positive charge). The radius of the helix will remain constant. 14. Consider a positive ion. It will experience a force downward due to the applied electric field. Once it begins moving downward, i ...
... 13. The particle will move in an elongating helical path in the direction of the electric field (for a positive charge). The radius of the helix will remain constant. 14. Consider a positive ion. It will experience a force downward due to the applied electric field. Once it begins moving downward, i ...
Electric and Magnetic Properties of Ultra Thin (Ga,Mn)As Epilayers
... grown GaAs capped ultra thin (Ga,Mn)As epilayers, by low temperature electrical transport measurements and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry. Post-growth annealing has an impact on these properties and has been investigated. The lower thickness limit for the ferromagne ...
... grown GaAs capped ultra thin (Ga,Mn)As epilayers, by low temperature electrical transport measurements and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry. Post-growth annealing has an impact on these properties and has been investigated. The lower thickness limit for the ferromagne ...
modelling twisted flux tubes philip bradshaw (astrophysics)
... crucial step towards the understanding of basic physical phenomena in the Universe. In order to create a 3D model of twisted flux tubes, we model basic equations of electromagnetism based on a mathematical description from prescribed boundary conditions: the twisted flux tube is described as a cylin ...
... crucial step towards the understanding of basic physical phenomena in the Universe. In order to create a 3D model of twisted flux tubes, we model basic equations of electromagnetism based on a mathematical description from prescribed boundary conditions: the twisted flux tube is described as a cylin ...
Design and Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motors
... affects to the accuracy. Therefore fine mesh elements should be preferred especially where the flux changes rapidly. Fig.3. shows the mesh distribution. Around the air gap finer mesh has been used. As it is seen in Eq.3, electric and magnetic quantities are coupled and solved simultaneously. There i ...
... affects to the accuracy. Therefore fine mesh elements should be preferred especially where the flux changes rapidly. Fig.3. shows the mesh distribution. Around the air gap finer mesh has been used. As it is seen in Eq.3, electric and magnetic quantities are coupled and solved simultaneously. There i ...
Light as a particle
... curved, as shown in the diagram. However, since vacuum is a good insulator, any electrons that reach the top plate are prevented from responding to the electrical attraction by jumping back across the gap. Instead they are forced to make their way around the circuit, passing through an ammeter. The ...
... curved, as shown in the diagram. However, since vacuum is a good insulator, any electrons that reach the top plate are prevented from responding to the electrical attraction by jumping back across the gap. Instead they are forced to make their way around the circuit, passing through an ammeter. The ...
Some Solutions of the 3D Laplace Equation in a Layer with
... κ = 3/R, ν = 5 (which gives ρ = 0.06, 0.15, 0.22 for S = 1, 2, 5 µm, respectively). The production process of tube arrays often entails nonuniformities which are very hard to capture by numerical approximations. Therefore, it is often assumed that the array is periodic when the Laplace equation is s ...
... κ = 3/R, ν = 5 (which gives ρ = 0.06, 0.15, 0.22 for S = 1, 2, 5 µm, respectively). The production process of tube arrays often entails nonuniformities which are very hard to capture by numerical approximations. Therefore, it is often assumed that the array is periodic when the Laplace equation is s ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".