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general pharmacology

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IN VITRO ARE YOU READY? DPT Thought Leadership Issue 16
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... based on gene-silencing technology which is targeted and transformational, called DNA-directed RNA interference (ddRNAi) or expressed RNAi. The technology’s potential results from its demonstrated ability to permanently silence genes that cause the conditions. Importantly, the genes and gene pathway ...
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... to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome (e.g. the number of patients that need to be treated for one to benefit compared with a control in a clinical trial)1. This measure assessing the clinical significance of any kind of intervention has since been applied with increasing frequency. Th ...
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Revised: September 2016 AN: 00192/2016 Summary of Product

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Pfizer Inc 235 East 42"° Street 235/24/l0A New York, NY 10017-5755

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... The most successful synthetic for many years was the drug procaine, also known more commonly by its trade name Novocain (see table). Novocain is only a fourth as toxic as cocaine, giving a better margin of safety in its use. The toxic dose is almost 10 times the effective amount, and it is not a hab ...
Pfizer Inc 235 East 42'' Street 235/24/l0A New York.  NY 10017-5755
Pfizer Inc 235 East 42'' Street 235/24/l0A New York. NY 10017-5755

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Revised: January 2017 AN: 00266/2016 Summary of Product

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An Insight to Drug Designing by In Silico approach in Biomedical

... evaluation needs to occur to demonstrate that modulation of the target will have the desired therapeutic effect. Target validation process includes determining if the modulation of a target's function will yield a desired clinical outcome. In Silico characterization can be carried by using approache ...
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Biosimilar

A biosimilar (also known as follow-on biologic or subsequent entry biologic) is a biologic medical product which is a copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company. Biosimilars are officially approved versions of original ""innovator"" products, and can be manufactured when the original product's patent expires. Reference to the innovator product is an integral component of the approval.Unlike the more common small-molecule drugs, biologics generally exhibit high molecular complexity, and may be quite sensitive to changes in manufacturing processes. Follow-on manufacturers do not have access to the originator's molecular clone and original cell bank, nor to the exact fermentation and purification process, nor to the active drug substance. They do have access to the commercialized innovator product.Drug related authorities such as European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Health Canada hold their own guidance on requirements for demonstration of the similar nature of two biological products in terms of safety and efficacy. According to them, analytical studies that demonstrate that the biological product is highly similar to the reference product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components; animal studies (including the assessment of toxicity); and a clinical study or studies (including the assessment of immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics) that are sufficient to demonstrate safety, purity, and potency in one or more appropriate conditions of use for which the reference product is licensed and intended to be used and for which licensure is sought for the biological product.In case of a monoclonal antibody-containing medicinal product, such as Remsima, extensive physicochemical and biological characterization for it and its reference product Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate their highly similar properties. Consequently, EMA have granted a marketing authorisation for only a few numbers of biosimilars since 2006 including a monoclonal antibody which is recently approved. Meanwhile, on March 6, 2015, the FDA approved the United States's first biosimilar product, the biosimilar filgrastim Zarxio.
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