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starnes 1903 - Kiwifruitsalsa
starnes 1903 - Kiwifruitsalsa

... characteristic of the Bordeaux fruit stalk. The small, immature fruits of both varieties show a distinctive early coloration of a reddish-brown hue, in contrast to fruits of Franciscana (Mission), which change to a black color just before reaching full size and maturity. The following description i ...
Comparative Phenology of Five Dominant Plant Species
Comparative Phenology of Five Dominant Plant Species

... information is available (MOONEY 1977). In this article we are trying to present some data about phenological events in Greek mediterranean type ecosystems which cover 40%> of the country surface and make a comparsion between the two types of plants with different adaptive strategies developing unde ...
MYRTLE BEECH SASSAFRAS LEATHERWOOD SATINWOOD
MYRTLE BEECH SASSAFRAS LEATHERWOOD SATINWOOD

... Fruit: Fruits have long, feathery styles, enclosed in a green, furry receptacle. Description: Rainforest tree (to 45m) in a wide range of habitats; an important minor species timber, especially valued for the striking dark patterns in the soft, easily-worked wood. ...
HortBotany
HortBotany

... f) Monocot seeds have a single cotyledon. Unlike dicot seeds, monocot seeds store food in a specialized tissue called the _______________________. g) Monocots and dicots are 2 different _______________________ of plants found in the ______________________ division of the Plant Kingdom. h) A vascular ...
Leafmining Insects - Colorado State University Extension
Leafmining Insects - Colorado State University Extension

... sawflies (Hymenoptera) and flies (Diptera). Most of these insects feed for their entire larval period within the leaf. Some will also pupate within the leaf mine, while others have larvae that cut their way out when fullgrown to pupate in the soil. Leafminers are sometimes classified by the pattern ...
Chapter 25: Plants
Chapter 25: Plants

... In order to survive the transition from water to land it was necessary for plants to make adaptations for obtaining water and to prevent its loss. Water was also required to provide a medium for the fertilization of eggs by flagellated sperm. In addition, once plants emerged from the protective cove ...
Quick Reference Guide to Invasive Plant Species
Quick Reference Guide to Invasive Plant Species

... Habitat: Dry to moist soils in forest and successional areas, often used as urban street tree. Similar native species: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) leaves are five lobed and longer than wide. Buds on sugar maple are sharp pointed, not blunt and seeds form a “U” shape. Clear sap is found in leaf stem ...
Bluebells
Bluebells

... Finding Out About ...
A Key to Common Trees of Alabama
A Key to Common Trees of Alabama

... following suggestions should help you as you begin working with the key: 1) Always start at the beginning of the key and follow it step by step. Each choice will refer you to the next step, which may be a number, another section in the key, or the conclusion or species. It is a good practice to writ ...
TREES ALTERNATE SIMPLE LEAVES
TREES ALTERNATE SIMPLE LEAVES

... Reliable identification in this group may require examination of flowers. Leaf shapes may vary considerably on the same plant. Leaf characters used below apply primarily to mature leaves of fruiting branchlets. For problem specimens consult the illustrations and key in Seymour's Flora of New England ...
MALUNGGAY Scientific Name: Moringa oleifera Lamk Common
MALUNGGAY Scientific Name: Moringa oleifera Lamk Common

... season. Commercially, mature cuttings 2 or more cm in diameter and not less than 80 cm in length preferred, as sprouts come out earlier and grow much faster. In preparing the cuttings, the desired branches are cut clean and planted directly in the field at a ...
Plant Form and Function
Plant Form and Function

... - xylem fluid rises in a plant against gravity and requires no energy - the fluid can be pushed up by root pressure or pulled up by transpirational pull - Root pressure results from water flowing into the stele (vascular tissue of root) from the soil as a result of the high mineral content in the ro ...
Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are
Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are

... ranging from tropics to temperate forests. Although some species survive in dry environments, most ferns are restricted to moist, shaded places. Ferns made their appearance in the fossil record during the Devonian period and expanded during the Carboniferous. The dominant stage of the life cycle of ...
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION CONCLUSION This study shows that
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION CONCLUSION This study shows that

... This study shows that protease inhibitor that derived from Senna surattensis leaves have a wide potential to be explore in many field especially in producing insecticide. This is due to the fact that Serine proteinase inhibitors is thought to have phytochemical defenses against herbivorous insects ( ...
Beautyberry (Callicarpa americana)
Beautyberry (Callicarpa americana)

... The leaves are simple, ovate (egg-shaped), generally 2 ½ to 6 inches long and 2 to 5 inches wide and have an opposite arrangement on the stems. The leaf margins are distinctively serrated from slightly below the middle of the leaf to the acuminate apex (pointed tip). Both surfaces of young leaves ar ...
Ponderosa Pine
Ponderosa Pine

... General Description A large tree native to southwestern North Dakota that is pyramidal when young, becoming irregularly-oblong and open-crowned with age. The largest tree in North Dakota is 73 feet tall with a canopy spread of 26 feet. ...
Little things mean a lot! The important ecological
Little things mean a lot! The important ecological

... called asci, surrounded by sterile fungal threads (paraphyses). As pressure mounts inside the ascus, the (8) spores are ejected through the tip of the ascus. Reproductive organs that are disk- to dome-shaped (i.e. flat, concave or convex) are called apothecia. Some lichens –especially crustose types ...
Plants
Plants

... b. Many plants can grow new plants asexually from their plant parts. c. If a plant is cut or damaged, it can sprout new growth from the stems, roots, or leaves. d. Plants use a variety of parts to produce new plants such as: i. Tubers and bulbs 1. These are all types of underground stems. 2. The “ey ...
Hillsborough County Extension FACT SHEET: Carnivorous Plants
Hillsborough County Extension FACT SHEET: Carnivorous Plants

... FLORIDA YARDS & NEIGHBORHOODS AGENT Carnivorous plants evolved on very poor soils where nutrients were scarce. As a means of survival, they developed mechanisms to attract, trap, kill and digest insects. Most species in this country grow in wet or low areas such as swamps, bogs or ponds, even in roa ...
Barbados Cherry - Lee County Extension
Barbados Cherry - Lee County Extension

... Grow Barbados cherry as a small fruit tree, large shrub, hedge, or container plant. It is well suited as a foundation planting for larger buildings or used in the rear of the shrubbery border. It can be used as a small accent tree just as Japanese Ligustrum is used. Fruits are eaten fresh off the tr ...
Grass Growth and Response to Grazing
Grass Growth and Response to Grazing

... growth in early spring as soon as the soil is above freezing and daytime temperatures are conducive to growth. These cool-season grasses produce high-quality forage early in the growing season. However, they do not grow during the hot periods in midsummer, and often become semidormant. They may grow ...
Sampling methods Sampling Daphnia Sampling Hydra
Sampling methods Sampling Daphnia Sampling Hydra

... • Simple semi- Vascular Systems ...
Shamrock Care Sheet
Shamrock Care Sheet

... Oxalis pes-caprae, sometimes called the Bermuda Buttercup though it is native to South Africa, is an especially nice yellow variety. Oxalis plants have rather slender flower stems and fairly low-growing foliage that looks like enormous clover leaves. Oxalis plants can be brought into bloom anytime f ...
HEMEROCALLIS – Daylily (sun/part shade). A very hardy and low
HEMEROCALLIS – Daylily (sun/part shade). A very hardy and low

... ‘Northern Exposure’ – New for 2015. Huge, blue-green leaves develop a wide yellow-green margin. Forms a large impressive clump. White flowers, 36-42”. ...
Botany Part II Plant Structure and Growth
Botany Part II Plant Structure and Growth

... Both are MONOPHYLETIC = ONE common ancestor ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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