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The Iris-Empress of Flowers - Gloucester County Virginia
The Iris-Empress of Flowers - Gloucester County Virginia

... The tall bearded iris can reach a height of 2 ½ feet. The leaves are vivid green, fleshy, and sword-shaped. The showy flowers consist of three upright inner petals called standards and three outer hanging petal-like sepals, known as falls. Soft hairs along the midline of the falls form the beard. Wh ...
Working Worms - Agriculture in the Classroom
Working Worms - Agriculture in the Classroom

... The worm is the gardener’s best friend. Night and day, worms burrow through acres of ground, swallowing soil as they go. Inside the soil are tiny bits of plants and animals called organic matter that they grind up as they eat. Worms can taste what they eat and prefer some foods over others. In exp ...
Kingdom Plantae : “Plants”... - nonmotile eukaryotic, multicellular
Kingdom Plantae : “Plants”... - nonmotile eukaryotic, multicellular

... - reproduce away from water ( pollen, pollen tubes as adaptations) - use bark to reduce water loss - remove snow burden with a cone shape - have needles instead of broad flat leaves to prevent moisture loss, with a thick waxy cuticle - retain needles through the winter...ready for an early startup i ...
Invasive Creepers - Greater Wellington Regional Council
Invasive Creepers - Greater Wellington Regional Council

... An evergreen shade tolerant climber. Leaves are frond-like and usually in groups of seven. The fragrant white flowers are pink in bud. Produces runners that root at the nodes. ...
Structure and Function of Plants Review
Structure and Function of Plants Review

... 5. If humans were photoautotrophs, making food by capturing light energy for photosynthesis, how might our anatomy be different? 6. Distinguish between primary and secondary growth. 7. Cells in lower layers of your skin divide and replace dead cells sloughed from the surface. Why is it inaccurate to ...
phalaenopsis orchid - Family Tree Nursery
phalaenopsis orchid - Family Tree Nursery

... between the two genera, is the same as for pure Phalaenopsis. Light. Proper lighting is easy to provide for phalaenopsis. They grow easily in a bright window, with little or no sun. An east window is ideal in the home, shaded south or west windows are acceptable. In overcast, northern winter climate ...
Preliminary morphological and anatomical study of
Preliminary morphological and anatomical study of

... In this work, the morphological characteristics of different organs in Orthosiphon stamineus are characterized. Figure 1 shows a general structure of this plant and its leaf. The leaves are simple, green, and arranged in opposite pairs. They are glabrous with a lanceolate leaf blade and a serrate ma ...
Penstemon canescens
Penstemon canescens

... Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania south to North Carolina and Alabama. Features loose terminal racemes of pale to dark violet, two-lipped, tubular flowers (to 1 1/2" long) atop erect, rigid, hairy, gray stems. Flowers bloom in late spring to summer. Clasping, oblong-lanceolate, medium green up ...
A survey of computer-based vision systems for automatic
A survey of computer-based vision systems for automatic

... Chomtip, Supolgaj, Piyawan, and Chutpong (2011) developed the Thai Herb Leaf Image Recognition System (THLIRS) using k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) as the classifier. A digital camera was first used to take the pictures of leaves, together with a one-baht coin as a size gage, against a white background. ...
Aloe ferox - Natural Resources Institute
Aloe ferox - Natural Resources Institute

... gel is obtained by removing the outer tissues and/ or by scraping it from the leaf blade cut lengthwise. Two tonnes of A. ferox yield about 1 kg of gel powder, which is higher than for A. vera. ...
Pigweed - Botanical Society of South Africa
Pigweed - Botanical Society of South Africa

... suitable for growing selected amaranth species as a leaf vegetable (fresh, dried or canned) and as a nutrient-rich grain, particularly the large-grain species such as the now pan-tropical A.  cruentus and the closely-related ornamental Prince of Wales Feather (A. hypochondriacus) and the plumed A. c ...
AMSTI Plant Growth PPT Lessons 5-9
AMSTI Plant Growth PPT Lessons 5-9

... Lesson 6: Observing Leaves and Buds ...
Learning About Plants - Personal.psu.edu
Learning About Plants - Personal.psu.edu

... In both the roots and the stem, there are veins that help transport water and minerals to the different parts of the plant (Simmons, 1976). David Burnie explains the transport process, “…As the food is produced, it has to be transported away from the leaves to the places where it is needed. At the s ...
Plant Identification Guide
Plant Identification Guide

... purple passionflower for food, drink, and medicinal purposes. The plant was also used as a sedative to treat nervous conditions and hysteria.” Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center ...
Parts used - British Council Schools Online
Parts used - British Council Schools Online

... ANTI OXIDANTS & DIGESTIVE SUPPLEMENTS IN FORM OF SYRUPS AND TABLETS ...
Chapter 30-Plant Evolution and Classification
Chapter 30-Plant Evolution and Classification

... I. Adapting to Land (from green algae?) • Terrestrial life evolved ~ 430 m.y.a. (following ozone) and at one point small, club-shaped plants began to grow in the mud at water’s edge. • Like green algae, plants possess chlorophyll, store energy as starch, and have cellulose making up their cell walls ...
Units 22 and 23
Units 22 and 23

... Surviving seed plants fell into two groups: • Gymnosperms: pines and cycads ...
intro to plants
intro to plants

... Others are shaped for flight, such as maple keys, and are dispersed by the wind. The group of plants we call angiosperms includes trees, grasses, vegetables, wildflowers, and herbs. All angiosperms produce fruits, many of which are edible. In addition, the roots, leaves, and stems of many angiosperm ...
970 KB - California Academy of Sciences
970 KB - California Academy of Sciences

... as in Fritsch et al. (2004), as modified from Clausing and Renner (2001), with primers from Olmstead and Sweere (1994), and the ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK/3′-trnK regions as in Wang et al. (2004) with primers from Swensen et al. (1998), Taberlet et al. (1991), and Sang et al. (1997), respectively. Tar ...
A ali i
A ali i

... • A member of the lobelia family, this plant has a fat, succulent stalk that emerges up from the ground about 5 ft. high. • It is topped with a rosette of large, rounded light-green leaves. • Yellow flowers protrude up from the leaf axises on long stem-like tubes. When in bloom the flowers can compl ...
PESTICIDAL PLANT LEAFLET Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f
PESTICIDAL PLANT LEAFLET Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f

... poison but now many countries term this as illegal. To make the insecticide, mix dry powdered leaves 10% w/v in water containing 1% liquid soap for 24 hours. Dilute 5-10 times to give 1-2% concentration and spray in the early evening to reduce exposure to sunlight and lessen effects against benefici ...
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides

... D Plantain leaves E Whortleberry leaves Marshmallow roots contain from 10 to 20% of polysaccharides. The main peculiarity of drying is the temperature which must be: A * 45-60 °С B 10-15 °С C 80-90 °С D 100-120 °С E 85-95 °С Medicines of plants from Plantago genus are widely used in medical practice ...
Question Bank Kingdom Plantae
Question Bank Kingdom Plantae

... some algae, other colours may mask the green colour, but chlorophyll is present in all of them. 2. Algae are autotrophic plants they can manufacture their own food with the help of chlorophyll. 3. They are aquatic in nature i.e., they are found in water and moist places. 4. Cell wall is mainly of ce ...
38 CROP PLANTS Key Objectives • To be able to
38 CROP PLANTS Key Objectives • To be able to

... roll up when they lose turgor, as a result of drought small air spaces well away from bundle sheath cells, close to the few stomata mesophyll cells with chloroplasts, but no air spaces between them bundle sheath cells, Rubisco is isolated from oxygen in the air so that photorespiration is minimised ...
38 CROP PLANTS Key Objectives • To be able to
38 CROP PLANTS Key Objectives • To be able to

... roll up when they lose turgor, as a result of drought small air spaces well away from bundle sheath cells, close to the few stomata mesophyll cells with chloroplasts, but no air spaces between them bundle sheath cells, Rubisco is isolated from oxygen in the air so that photorespiration is minimised ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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