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File - Sturgeon City
File - Sturgeon City

... work are called the xylem cells. They move water. The phloem cells move the food. Stems also provide support for the plant allowing the leaves to reach the sunlight that they need to produce food. Where the leaves join the stem is called the node. The space between the leaves and the stem is called ...
Fourth Grade Plant Life
Fourth Grade Plant Life

... The plant kingdom includes one celled organisms (diatoms) as well as complex organisms like angiosperms. Some plants and trees (tracheophytes) have vascular tissue or well-developed conducting tissueAspen trees with flowers growing on the ground. through which water and solutes are transported to va ...
Plant Love
Plant Love

... 1. Flowering plants are generally in one of two groups, monocots or dicots. Monocots are plants that have leaves with parallel veins, flowers with petals, sepals, and stamen in multiples of three. Dicots have leaves with branching veins, flowers with petals, sepals, and stamen in multiples of four o ...
20.2 Classification of Plants
20.2 Classification of Plants

... Club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants. • A vascular system allows club mosses and ferns to grow higher off the ground. • Both need free-standing water for reproduction. • Club mosses belong to phylum Lycophyta. – not true mosses – oldest living group of vascular plants ...
International Journal of Applied Biological Research 2016 Val
International Journal of Applied Biological Research 2016 Val

... Lantana (Lantana camera L.) on water hyancinth (Eichornia crasspes). In the opinion of Aladejimokun et al. (2014), stimulation of growth by plant extracts can be accounted for by the breakdown of functional allelochemicals in the extracts and their subsequent transformation to plant nutrients requir ...
tomato weed
tomato weed

... Family is Cyperaceae and common name is Nut Grass, Nutsedge. In tamil it is called as Korai kizhangu. Stoloniferous, stolons not bulbiferous, stems trigonous, up to 1 m high, and tubers not zoned. Stem sparsely tufted. Leaves shorter or longer than stem, narrow, numerous, bracts usually 3 and up to ...
Fl. China 23: 22–23. 2010. 15. AGLAONEMA Schott, Wiener Z
Fl. China 23: 22–23. 2010. 15. AGLAONEMA Schott, Wiener Z

... Herbs, evergreen, sometimes robust. Stem epigeal, erect to decumbent and mostly unbranched or creeping and often branched, internodes green, becoming brown with age, smooth, often rooting at nodes when decumbent. Leaves several, forming an apical crown; petiole shorter than leaf blade, sheath usuall ...
Wetland Plant ID Training 2009
Wetland Plant ID Training 2009

... Robert H. Mohlenbrock @ USDANRCS PLANTS Database ...
THE ROSEDALE PLANTSMAN`S GUIDE TO PLANTING AND
THE ROSEDALE PLANTSMAN`S GUIDE TO PLANTING AND

... Herbaceous Evergreen Groundcovers are non-woody plants (such as low vines) that grow naturally in close proximity. These groundcovers generally are planted in lieu of grass where a thick, richly textured "living carpet" is desired for landscape purposes, or a shaded location or steep slope makes a l ...
Eggplant Production Manual
Eggplant Production Manual

... A long growing season of about 120 days is required for successful production. Eggplant is a warmweather plant that grows best under temperatures of 21 ° to 29 °C. It cannot tolerate frost, and the growth of young plants will be retarded when night temperatures are below 16°C. Cool temperatures and ...
Leafhoppers Introduction Leafhoppers are not common pests in
Leafhoppers Introduction Leafhoppers are not common pests in

... up to five generations during the growing season. Aster leafhoppers transmit the pathogen that causes aster yellows disease; especially those insects migrating in from southern states. Aster yellows may be found on herbaceous perennials, annuals, cut flowers, vegetables and weeds. Members of the as ...
Bryophyte Ecology Glossary
Bryophyte Ecology Glossary

... B horizon: dark soil layer of accumulated transported silicate, clay, minerals, iron, and organic matter, having blocky structure scientific unit of measurement of pressure; 1 bar  1 atmosphere of pressure (0.986923 tam)  14.503 psi = 750 mm Hg = 99.992 kPa barbate: with tufts of long hairs, beard ...
SPECIALIZED/MODIFIED STEMS Stems may be of various forms to
SPECIALIZED/MODIFIED STEMS Stems may be of various forms to

... stem axis with extremely reduced internodes and surrounding fleshy scale leaves (a). An onion is the example.   Corm – A solid, bulb-like , underground stem without fleshy scales forms a corm. It has greatly shortened internodes. Examples are the food-storage, reproductive corms of Gladiolus and Cr ...
SUBGENUS PENSTEMON [EUPENSTEMON]
SUBGENUS PENSTEMON [EUPENSTEMON]

... References: See species above. Penstemon laxiflorus Pennell Open-flowered Penstemon It is considered similar to P. arkansanus. [synonym: P. australis subsp. laxiflorus] Stems: 3-7 dm (12-28”) tall, upper stems bare-looking, with long internodes, minutely fuzzy over surfaces, green or purplish. Leave ...
Tomatoes Peppers Herbs Amish Paste Tomato 8
Tomatoes Peppers Herbs Amish Paste Tomato 8

... Looks like a tomato Sweet, thick-walled, meaty, rich flavor. Ancho Gigantea Pepper Broad shouldered, up to 4” long; Poblanos when fresh, Anchos when dried; Medium Hot Aurora Pepper 1-1/2” long multicolored fruits; ripen from purple to orange to bright red. Medium Hot Hinkelhatz Small fruits: ¾” wide ...
Identifying features of common trees in Duchess Wood
Identifying features of common trees in Duchess Wood

... Buds: alternately arranged on stalks. Mauve and club-shaped (sometimes dull and greyer). Leaves: Dark, leathery and raquet-shaped; the end never pointed and often indented. Flowers: Male catkins densely wine-red in winter. Fruit: from cones. Brown, spent cones can remain on tree in winter. Where it ...
POTTED ANTHURIUM: Mi INTERIOR
POTTED ANTHURIUM: Mi INTERIOR

... two flowers under interior conditions appeared to be critical because its aesthetic value centers on the marked contrast be tween flowers and leaves (Chen et al., 1999b). Among the five cultivars evaluated, three exhibited this capability under low light conditions. In addition to flowering, foliage ...
SHOW-5-2005
SHOW-5-2005

... very cold (like the forests of Canada or Alaska) or very dry (like deserts). There aren’t many gymnosperms in tropical regions (which have warm temperatures, and plenty of moisture). ...
The Effects of Two Levels of Salinity on Wisconsin Fast Plants
The Effects of Two Levels of Salinity on Wisconsin Fast Plants

... years due to global warming. Because of this, some believe that there will be up to 30% land loss within the next 25 years, and possibly up to 50% by 2050 (Baby and Jini, 2010). The genus, Brassica, includes mustard plants, cabbages, and other cruciferous vegetables. The Wisconsin Fast Plant (Brassi ...
Ipomxmul CONV FINAL - CLIMBERS
Ipomxmul CONV FINAL - CLIMBERS

... large berry commonly known as watermelon (8,16,22). Other members of the family in Michigan (number species): Calystegia (5), Convolvulus (1), Cuscuta (9), and Ipomoea (4) (source 8). Ethnobotanical Uses: The plant is used worldwide as an ornamental plant (11). As a hybrid created by humans and cult ...
Blady grass fact sheet link
Blady grass fact sheet link

... A tall, rhizomatous, spreading or tufted, perennial grass with silky white seed heads. The leaves are erect, about 2 cm wide and have a white, off-centre mid vein. Ornamental varieties may have red leaves. Leaves: Blade - Usually green but ornamental varieties may be red. White, off-centre mid vein. ...
Fritillaria biflora Lindl. var. biflora, CHOCOLATE LILY, MISSION
Fritillaria biflora Lindl. var. biflora, CHOCOLATE LILY, MISSION

... scales, fleshy scales 9 × 6 × 3.5 to 20 × 15 × 10 mm, narrowly attached to base of central bulb, the largest scales in center, older fleshy scales shriveled but persistent at bulb base; adventitious roots arising from base of bulb. Stems: cylindric, 3–7 mm diameter, green (aboveground) and white (be ...
Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E-1011
Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E-1011

... arises from sugary honeydew excreted by aphids. Leaves may appear shiny and become sticky from this material, which supports the growth of black sooty mold (a common greenhouse fungus). Aphids are also notorious for their role as vectors of many viral diseases. However, of primary concern in the gre ...
a pdf file - The Walks
a pdf file - The Walks

... This native tree is a water-loving species and grows well in waterlogged environments with limited oxygen. It is a pioneer species, breaking up compacted soils to allow other plants to establish. They produce seeds inside small cones (catkins), which are blown on the wind when the catkins open. Comm ...
Problems with C3 photosynthesis
Problems with C3 photosynthesis

... The above diagram compares C4 and CAM photosynthesis. Both adaptations are characterized by initial fixation of CO2 into an organic acid such as malate followed by transfer of the CO2 to the Calvin cycle. In C4 plants, such as sugarcane, these two steps are separated spatially; the two steps take pl ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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