2012 Marine Climate Change in Australia Report Card
... rise will affect tidal wetlands, however spatial variation in sea-level rise, large and variable tidal ranges, and data gaps for large portions of the Australian coastline reduce our confidence in ...
... rise will affect tidal wetlands, however spatial variation in sea-level rise, large and variable tidal ranges, and data gaps for large portions of the Australian coastline reduce our confidence in ...
Marine Climate Change in Australia
... Great Barrier Reef corals and coralline algae will continue to experience reduced calcification rates. Benthic calcifiers, such as molluscs and deep-water corals in Antarctic and southern Australian waters, will show reduced calcification and/or increased dissolution. ...
... Great Barrier Reef corals and coralline algae will continue to experience reduced calcification rates. Benthic calcifiers, such as molluscs and deep-water corals in Antarctic and southern Australian waters, will show reduced calcification and/or increased dissolution. ...
Plate Tectonics – study of crustal movement, and the
... 3) Continental : Oceanic mountain ranges above subduction zone. Example: Cascades (Washington to California) and Andes (South America) ...
... 3) Continental : Oceanic mountain ranges above subduction zone. Example: Cascades (Washington to California) and Andes (South America) ...
Plate Tectonics
... the heavier oceanic floor collides into the lighter continental crust, the continental crust is pushed over the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust “dives” under the continental crust creating a subduction zone. Land is lost in this area. The Pacific Ocean is getting smaller because of this process. ...
... the heavier oceanic floor collides into the lighter continental crust, the continental crust is pushed over the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust “dives” under the continental crust creating a subduction zone. Land is lost in this area. The Pacific Ocean is getting smaller because of this process. ...
Key Ideas and Quiz Yourself Questions The term bathymetry is
... wide margin is found around every continent and is known as the continental shelf. The average width of a continental shelf is 70 kilometers (43 miles). Continental Slope and Rise The continental shelf ends at a sudden drop-off called the shelf break. Beyond the shelf break, the slope of the ocean f ...
... wide margin is found around every continent and is known as the continental shelf. The average width of a continental shelf is 70 kilometers (43 miles). Continental Slope and Rise The continental shelf ends at a sudden drop-off called the shelf break. Beyond the shelf break, the slope of the ocean f ...
Planetary Heat Sink Uncouples Temperature Increase from Rising
... The current hiatus in terms of global climate change has been linked to a greater phenomenon of a change in climate than seen in previous historical trends. The globe was rising in temper ...
... The current hiatus in terms of global climate change has been linked to a greater phenomenon of a change in climate than seen in previous historical trends. The globe was rising in temper ...
one world ocean
... towards the hot center in a molten state • At the same time, lighter elements such as aluminum and silicon rose towards the surface, forming the Earth’s crust ...
... towards the hot center in a molten state • At the same time, lighter elements such as aluminum and silicon rose towards the surface, forming the Earth’s crust ...
Earth Space Science
... These waters make up the other 90% of the ocean These waters move around the ocean by density and gravity. The density difference is a because of different temperatures and salinity These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause th ...
... These waters make up the other 90% of the ocean These waters move around the ocean by density and gravity. The density difference is a because of different temperatures and salinity These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause th ...
Marine Biology Stahl History of Marine Science and Scientific
... 2. Define habitat and understand what makes up an organisms habitat. 3. What do nutrients do when they are limited? How do they affect the bay? 4. Where do the products of metabolism accumulate and what are metabolic wastes? 5. Define biosphere. 6. Know the zones of stress and optimal range of an or ...
... 2. Define habitat and understand what makes up an organisms habitat. 3. What do nutrients do when they are limited? How do they affect the bay? 4. Where do the products of metabolism accumulate and what are metabolic wastes? 5. Define biosphere. 6. Know the zones of stress and optimal range of an or ...
Why negative CO2 emission technologies should not be classified
... rises, more CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, increasing the acidity of the oceans. The effects of acidification have already been observed and will gradually worsen as acidification increases. Of current anthropogenic CO2 emissions, about 30% is absorbed by the oceans, in response to the higher CO2 co ...
... rises, more CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, increasing the acidity of the oceans. The effects of acidification have already been observed and will gradually worsen as acidification increases. Of current anthropogenic CO2 emissions, about 30% is absorbed by the oceans, in response to the higher CO2 co ...
Deep seabed mining - Pacific Ecologist
... media acknowledge environmental risks, e.g. changing the geography of the ocean floor, and the “dramatic impact” on sea life from water columns or “plumes.”13 It is even acknowledged that the oil and gas industry has a “poor” record. Currently, the Brazilian TNC Petrobras is the subject of protest f ...
... media acknowledge environmental risks, e.g. changing the geography of the ocean floor, and the “dramatic impact” on sea life from water columns or “plumes.”13 It is even acknowledged that the oil and gas industry has a “poor” record. Currently, the Brazilian TNC Petrobras is the subject of protest f ...
Preserving a Balanced Ocean - IUCN Academy of Environmental Law
... Protocol to other climate change mitigation activities such as open ocean fertilisation is still unsettled. It is arguable that both these activities fall outside the definition of ‘dumping’ under the Convention and Protocol as the iron or other nutrients are being placed in the water column and on ...
... Protocol to other climate change mitigation activities such as open ocean fertilisation is still unsettled. It is arguable that both these activities fall outside the definition of ‘dumping’ under the Convention and Protocol as the iron or other nutrients are being placed in the water column and on ...
Abyssal plain-
... Abyssal plain- very level area of the deep ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise. Active continental margin- usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being sub ducted beneath the margin of a continent. Bathymetry- me ...
... Abyssal plain- very level area of the deep ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise. Active continental margin- usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being sub ducted beneath the margin of a continent. Bathymetry- me ...
A Head
... happen near the oceanic trenches. 11 The Himalaya mountains are growing taller by about 5 mm each year. 12 Surveys of the ocean floor show tat there are very long mountain ridges beneath the oceans. 13 Rock samples have been taken from the ocean floor. These show that the rocks are much younger near ...
... happen near the oceanic trenches. 11 The Himalaya mountains are growing taller by about 5 mm each year. 12 Surveys of the ocean floor show tat there are very long mountain ridges beneath the oceans. 13 Rock samples have been taken from the ocean floor. These show that the rocks are much younger near ...
Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 1 of 1
... Ocean trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor. These chasms are the deepest parts of the ocean—and some of the deepest natural spots on Earth. Ocean trenches are found in every ocean basin on the planet, although the deepest ocean trenches ring the Pacific as part of the so-called “Rin ...
... Ocean trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor. These chasms are the deepest parts of the ocean—and some of the deepest natural spots on Earth. Ocean trenches are found in every ocean basin on the planet, although the deepest ocean trenches ring the Pacific as part of the so-called “Rin ...
- EdShare - University of Southampton
... marine ancient = -25 to –30‰ (higher pCO2atms) terrestrial C3 plants = -27‰ C4 plants = -13‰ (different photosynth. pathways) methane hydrate = -60‰ (bacteria) atmospheric (today) = -8‰ (pre-industrial) = -6.5‰ (combustion fossil fuel) ...
... marine ancient = -25 to –30‰ (higher pCO2atms) terrestrial C3 plants = -27‰ C4 plants = -13‰ (different photosynth. pathways) methane hydrate = -60‰ (bacteria) atmospheric (today) = -8‰ (pre-industrial) = -6.5‰ (combustion fossil fuel) ...
OCN100--Study Guide
... Where is the Southern Ocean? What defines its extent? The average depth of the ocean is approx. _______ meters; the average height of land is ______ meters; this makes the average ocean depth _______ times deeper than land is high. The deepest spot in the ocean is the ____________________; its depth ...
... Where is the Southern Ocean? What defines its extent? The average depth of the ocean is approx. _______ meters; the average height of land is ______ meters; this makes the average ocean depth _______ times deeper than land is high. The deepest spot in the ocean is the ____________________; its depth ...
Evolution and Life in the Ocean
... environmental conditions (all marine organisms except birds and mammals) Endotherms - warm-blooded organisms; maintain near-constant body temperature (birds and mammals) ...
... environmental conditions (all marine organisms except birds and mammals) Endotherms - warm-blooded organisms; maintain near-constant body temperature (birds and mammals) ...
Climate Change and the Occurrence of Harmful
... at an unnaturally rapid rate in the last century due to the greenhouse effect (IPCC 2014). The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by burning of massive amounts of coal, oil, and gas and activities such as deforestation. Since 1900, the average temperature of ocean surface waters has increased by about ...
... at an unnaturally rapid rate in the last century due to the greenhouse effect (IPCC 2014). The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by burning of massive amounts of coal, oil, and gas and activities such as deforestation. Since 1900, the average temperature of ocean surface waters has increased by about ...
Ch 2 test
... c. Deep ocean trenches d. Rift valleys on mid-ocean ridges 11. An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ____________. a. light beam to travel from a satellite at a known altitude to the sea bottom and back b. radar beam to travel from a harbor patrol boat to a fuzz-buster on a s ...
... c. Deep ocean trenches d. Rift valleys on mid-ocean ridges 11. An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ____________. a. light beam to travel from a satellite at a known altitude to the sea bottom and back b. radar beam to travel from a harbor patrol boat to a fuzz-buster on a s ...
Newsle er - IIOE-2
... tim in the North Atlantic over barely half a century. If anything, we expected NASA Goddard Space Center. that th these sensitive calcifying algae would have decreased in the face of increasing ocean acidification. oc Coccolithophores are often referred to as “canaries in the coal mine.” Until this d ...
... tim in the North Atlantic over barely half a century. If anything, we expected NASA Goddard Space Center. that th these sensitive calcifying algae would have decreased in the face of increasing ocean acidification. oc Coccolithophores are often referred to as “canaries in the coal mine.” Until this d ...
The Ocean
... The topography of the ocean bottom Read Our Science Heritage on p. 375 and tell the main idea of the text in 5 minutes. When did the expedition take place? – What kinds of instruments were available at that time?Ocean basins are at a much lower level than the land, formed mainly of dense basaltic r ...
... The topography of the ocean bottom Read Our Science Heritage on p. 375 and tell the main idea of the text in 5 minutes. When did the expedition take place? – What kinds of instruments were available at that time?Ocean basins are at a much lower level than the land, formed mainly of dense basaltic r ...
Revision Booklet
... On 26 December 2004 a tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean. It was the result of the Indio-Australian Plate sub-ducting below the Eurasian Plate. It was caused by an earthquake measuring more than magnitude 9. The earthquake caused the seafloor to uplift, displacing the seawater above. • In open oce ...
... On 26 December 2004 a tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean. It was the result of the Indio-Australian Plate sub-ducting below the Eurasian Plate. It was caused by an earthquake measuring more than magnitude 9. The earthquake caused the seafloor to uplift, displacing the seawater above. • In open oce ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.