Study Guide 2
... etc) since about 1860, shows mean annual surface air temps have risen about .5 deg C (almost 1 degree F) since then. Paleoclimatic data – can indicate climatic changes in the context of the last several centuries to the past millennia Paleoclimatology - the study of past climates, those that exist ...
... etc) since about 1860, shows mean annual surface air temps have risen about .5 deg C (almost 1 degree F) since then. Paleoclimatic data – can indicate climatic changes in the context of the last several centuries to the past millennia Paleoclimatology - the study of past climates, those that exist ...
2.36 Deep Ocean Currents
... • Surface water sinks in areas where warm, salty water is carried toward the poles by currents • This water cools and becomes cold, salty water which makes it denser than the water below it • So it sinks forcing deep water to flow away from that area thus starting the deep current ...
... • Surface water sinks in areas where warm, salty water is carried toward the poles by currents • This water cools and becomes cold, salty water which makes it denser than the water below it • So it sinks forcing deep water to flow away from that area thus starting the deep current ...
Chapter 9/10 Oceans
... Circulation – caused by density differentials – Temperature: cold water is more dense than warm and will sink – Salinity: saltier water is denser than fresh water and will sink ...
... Circulation – caused by density differentials – Temperature: cold water is more dense than warm and will sink – Salinity: saltier water is denser than fresh water and will sink ...
Oceanography
... Estuaries provide harbors, access to the ocean, and connections to rivers. As a result, many of the world’s largest cities are built on estuaries. Because of this, many estuaries have become polluted. ...
... Estuaries provide harbors, access to the ocean, and connections to rivers. As a result, many of the world’s largest cities are built on estuaries. Because of this, many estuaries have become polluted. ...
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
... levels in the atmosphere have a fertilization effect on short time scales but the long-term effects are still not well known. CO2 uptake by the land carbon cycle may be reduced by global warming due to an increased carbon emission by soil microbes. Carbon Cycle in the Geosphere. A long-term cycle o ...
... levels in the atmosphere have a fertilization effect on short time scales but the long-term effects are still not well known. CO2 uptake by the land carbon cycle may be reduced by global warming due to an increased carbon emission by soil microbes. Carbon Cycle in the Geosphere. A long-term cycle o ...
Deep Ocean Technology & The Ocean Floor
... •A seamount is a volcanic mountain on the ocean floor. •Guyot is a submarine volcanic mountain with a flat top. •Islands are seamounts that rise above the water surface. •The mid-ocean ridge is a mountain range that runs through all the world’s oceans. It is almost 64,000 kilometers (40,000 miles) l ...
... •A seamount is a volcanic mountain on the ocean floor. •Guyot is a submarine volcanic mountain with a flat top. •Islands are seamounts that rise above the water surface. •The mid-ocean ridge is a mountain range that runs through all the world’s oceans. It is almost 64,000 kilometers (40,000 miles) l ...
Student Notes
... Exploring the Ocean 1. Sonar mapping uses sound waves to probe the seabed. Sound waves are sent down from a ship to the ocean floor and they bounce back to the surface. The time it takes for the sound wave to bounce back indicates how deep the water is in that place. 2. Satellites in space use radar ...
... Exploring the Ocean 1. Sonar mapping uses sound waves to probe the seabed. Sound waves are sent down from a ship to the ocean floor and they bounce back to the surface. The time it takes for the sound wave to bounce back indicates how deep the water is in that place. 2. Satellites in space use radar ...
Marine and Coastal Systems: Resources, Impacts, and Conservation
... zooplankton, birds, fish, marine mammals, and humans as their toxins are passed up the food chain. V. Emptying the Oceans A. We have long overfished. 1. A recent synthesis of historical evidence revealed that ancient overfishing likely affected ecosystems in astounding ways that we only partially un ...
... zooplankton, birds, fish, marine mammals, and humans as their toxins are passed up the food chain. V. Emptying the Oceans A. We have long overfished. 1. A recent synthesis of historical evidence revealed that ancient overfishing likely affected ecosystems in astounding ways that we only partially un ...
Ch 16 - Marine and Coastal Systems-Outline
... zooplankton, birds, fish, marine mammals, and humans as their toxins are passed up the food chain. V. Emptying the Oceans A. We have long overfished. 1. A recent synthesis of historical evidence revealed that ancient overfishing likely affected ecosystems in astounding ways that we only partially un ...
... zooplankton, birds, fish, marine mammals, and humans as their toxins are passed up the food chain. V. Emptying the Oceans A. We have long overfished. 1. A recent synthesis of historical evidence revealed that ancient overfishing likely affected ecosystems in astounding ways that we only partially un ...
22 questions - ReviewEarthScience.com
... A sandstone layer is found tilted at an angle of 75D from the horizontal. What probably caused this 75D tilt? A) The sediments that formed this sandstone layer were originally deposited at a 75D tilt. B) Nearly all sandstone layers are formed from winddeposited sands. C) This sandstone layer has rec ...
... A sandstone layer is found tilted at an angle of 75D from the horizontal. What probably caused this 75D tilt? A) The sediments that formed this sandstone layer were originally deposited at a 75D tilt. B) Nearly all sandstone layers are formed from winddeposited sands. C) This sandstone layer has rec ...
first indian ocean seabird conference christmas island, australia
... Frigatebird is an endemic. Christmas Island is the only location in the world where you can find three breeding frigatebird species. The island populations of Red-footed Sula sula and Brown Boobies S. leucogaster, Great Frigatebirds F. minor, Red-tailed Phaethon rubricauda and White-tailed Tropicb ...
... Frigatebird is an endemic. Christmas Island is the only location in the world where you can find three breeding frigatebird species. The island populations of Red-footed Sula sula and Brown Boobies S. leucogaster, Great Frigatebirds F. minor, Red-tailed Phaethon rubricauda and White-tailed Tropicb ...
Life in a Changing Ocean - Census of Marine Life Secretariat
... Critical scientific data are lacking for decisions about how, when, and where to regulate ocean use. This data gap comes at a time when the ocean, and Earth’s ecosystems as a whole, faces unprecedented pressure from competing human uses and exploitation and changing environmental conditions. Similar ...
... Critical scientific data are lacking for decisions about how, when, and where to regulate ocean use. This data gap comes at a time when the ocean, and Earth’s ecosystems as a whole, faces unprecedented pressure from competing human uses and exploitation and changing environmental conditions. Similar ...
final study guide answer key
... 25. In the TWILIGHT zone, 600 ft to 3000 ft), there is very little sunlight…not enough for photosynthesis to occur. At this depth, the human eye could not see any color. 26. In the MIDNIGHT zone, there is no sunlight. Most life in this zone lives in HYDROTHERMAL vent communities. ...
... 25. In the TWILIGHT zone, 600 ft to 3000 ft), there is very little sunlight…not enough for photosynthesis to occur. At this depth, the human eye could not see any color. 26. In the MIDNIGHT zone, there is no sunlight. Most life in this zone lives in HYDROTHERMAL vent communities. ...
Earth Science Chapter 20 20.1 The Water Planet 20.1 The Water
... •¾ of the earth’s surface lies submerged beneath salt water called global ocean. •Earth alone is called the water planet. •97 % of all the water on earth is contained by the global ocean. •Mass of the ocean is 1/4000 of the mass of the earth as a whole. •Volume is about 800 times greater than the vo ...
... •¾ of the earth’s surface lies submerged beneath salt water called global ocean. •Earth alone is called the water planet. •97 % of all the water on earth is contained by the global ocean. •Mass of the ocean is 1/4000 of the mass of the earth as a whole. •Volume is about 800 times greater than the vo ...
Continental_Drift_and_Plate_Boundaries_
... • Convection currents in the mantle push the plates around on the surface of the Earth • Because of plate movements the surface of the Earth is constantly changing •Plate boundaries are where Earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain ranges occur • Crust is made at mid-ocean ridges • Crust is destroyed at ...
... • Convection currents in the mantle push the plates around on the surface of the Earth • Because of plate movements the surface of the Earth is constantly changing •Plate boundaries are where Earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain ranges occur • Crust is made at mid-ocean ridges • Crust is destroyed at ...
chapter 5 ecosystems and the physical environment
... – 3. Human-induced changes to the nitrogen cycle • a. fertilizers - precipitation washes nitrogen fertilizer into rivers, lakes, and coastal areas, where it stimulates the growth of algae – as the algae decomposes, bacteria increase and rob the environment of oxygen – fish and other aquatic organis ...
... – 3. Human-induced changes to the nitrogen cycle • a. fertilizers - precipitation washes nitrogen fertilizer into rivers, lakes, and coastal areas, where it stimulates the growth of algae – as the algae decomposes, bacteria increase and rob the environment of oxygen – fish and other aquatic organis ...
Downscaling climate model projections of coral bleaching
... 1 – NOAA AOML, 2 – Marine Applied Research Ctr, 3 – Cornell University; 4 – CRIOBE/EPHE/CNRS ...
... 1 – NOAA AOML, 2 – Marine Applied Research Ctr, 3 – Cornell University; 4 – CRIOBE/EPHE/CNRS ...
towards a blue society
... economists estimate that we could produce the same quantity by using 80% less energy Resource access and consumption modes - 20% population use 80% ressources. Our ecological footprint is extremely different according to the country we live in. Effects of environmental disturbance and loss of natura ...
... economists estimate that we could produce the same quantity by using 80% less energy Resource access and consumption modes - 20% population use 80% ressources. Our ecological footprint is extremely different according to the country we live in. Effects of environmental disturbance and loss of natura ...
Mr. Perfect UNDER THE SEA
... rivers run into the ocean. Salinity levels are also affected by animals such as clams and oysters that use calcium salts to build their shells. They remove salt from the water. In warm ocean areas where there is little rainfall and much evaporation, the amount of dissolved salts is much greater. In ...
... rivers run into the ocean. Salinity levels are also affected by animals such as clams and oysters that use calcium salts to build their shells. They remove salt from the water. In warm ocean areas where there is little rainfall and much evaporation, the amount of dissolved salts is much greater. In ...
The Oceans
... • The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), another multi-decadal cycle, refers to a low-pressure region south of Iceland and a high-pressure region near the Azores. • Positive NAO periods occur when the differences in Sea Level Pressures (SLP) are greatest between these two regions. Under these conditi ...
... • The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), another multi-decadal cycle, refers to a low-pressure region south of Iceland and a high-pressure region near the Azores. • Positive NAO periods occur when the differences in Sea Level Pressures (SLP) are greatest between these two regions. Under these conditi ...
The Oceans and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
... several key questions, including: 1. How will future emissions reduction targets account for potential changes in ocean carbon and heat uptake? 2. Does the Copenhagen 2ºC goal appropriately reflect ocean changes and their impacts? 3. How will ocean impacts be assessed without robust global observing ...
... several key questions, including: 1. How will future emissions reduction targets account for potential changes in ocean carbon and heat uptake? 2. Does the Copenhagen 2ºC goal appropriately reflect ocean changes and their impacts? 3. How will ocean impacts be assessed without robust global observing ...
Marine Science a Modern Perspective
... > 4,000 new species found Measured temperatures at all depths Studied deep ocean currents Took 19 years to publish all of their findings Led by Scientist __________ __________ ...
... > 4,000 new species found Measured temperatures at all depths Studied deep ocean currents Took 19 years to publish all of their findings Led by Scientist __________ __________ ...
Lab 4-3: Sea-Floor Spreading
... Vocab • Sea-Floor Spreading: – Ocean crust is created at a divergent boundary as plates pull apart and molten material rises from deep within the Earth. ...
... Vocab • Sea-Floor Spreading: – Ocean crust is created at a divergent boundary as plates pull apart and molten material rises from deep within the Earth. ...
BC Science 8 - Chapter 11
... from within the planet through volcanoes. Water trapped inside the volcanic materials was released into the atmosphere in the form of water vapour; as the water vapour cooled and condensed, it fell to Earth’s surface as precipitation. Gravity causes water to flow downhill, and the vast amount of ...
... from within the planet through volcanoes. Water trapped inside the volcanic materials was released into the atmosphere in the form of water vapour; as the water vapour cooled and condensed, it fell to Earth’s surface as precipitation. Gravity causes water to flow downhill, and the vast amount of ...
Salinity Reading
... about 4˚C (40 ˚F) -- i.e., several degrees above its freezing point. However, for sea water though the temperature of maximum density occurs at the freezing point of seawater (-1.8 ˚C). The temperature of maximum density has a tremendous affect on the circulation of the ocean, since it affects how a ...
... about 4˚C (40 ˚F) -- i.e., several degrees above its freezing point. However, for sea water though the temperature of maximum density occurs at the freezing point of seawater (-1.8 ˚C). The temperature of maximum density has a tremendous affect on the circulation of the ocean, since it affects how a ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.