CLIMATE CHANGE FORUM: Favouring a green economy and sustainable urban development
... Levels of risks can be connected to cumulative CO2 emission levels, for the average climate response, for high climate sensitivity (lower cumulative emissions), and for low climate sensitivity (higher cumulative emissions) ...
... Levels of risks can be connected to cumulative CO2 emission levels, for the average climate response, for high climate sensitivity (lower cumulative emissions), and for low climate sensitivity (higher cumulative emissions) ...
The Asian Monsoon
... phenomena on earth today, with far-reaching environmental and societal effects. Almost two thirds of humanity live within regions influenced by the monsoon. Monsoon strength and variability have been and will continue to be crucial to the past and future prosperity of the region”. The preface of thi ...
... phenomena on earth today, with far-reaching environmental and societal effects. Almost two thirds of humanity live within regions influenced by the monsoon. Monsoon strength and variability have been and will continue to be crucial to the past and future prosperity of the region”. The preface of thi ...
Global and Mediterranean climate change: a short summary
... and changes of other climate parameters have been observed in the last century. The global temperature and the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases are changing at a very fast pace compared to those found in palaeoclimate records. Changes in the Mediterranean. Variations of some climate cha ...
... and changes of other climate parameters have been observed in the last century. The global temperature and the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases are changing at a very fast pace compared to those found in palaeoclimate records. Changes in the Mediterranean. Variations of some climate cha ...
Document
... According to the IPCC, the observed rise of the global average temperature since the middle of the last century is ‘very likely’ due to the observed increase of the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that have their origin in human activities.18 In the last three decades, anthropog ...
... According to the IPCC, the observed rise of the global average temperature since the middle of the last century is ‘very likely’ due to the observed increase of the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that have their origin in human activities.18 In the last three decades, anthropog ...
Glossary of Synthesis Report
... Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not contained forests (for at least 50 years). For a discussion of the term forest and related terms such as afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation see the IPCC Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (IPCC, 2000). See also th ...
... Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not contained forests (for at least 50 years). For a discussion of the term forest and related terms such as afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation see the IPCC Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (IPCC, 2000). See also th ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... in the IAMs. This was not done, despite there having been, since January 1, 2011, at least 14 new studies and 20 experiments (involving more than 45 researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in it ...
... in the IAMs. This was not done, despite there having been, since January 1, 2011, at least 14 new studies and 20 experiments (involving more than 45 researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in it ...
03_MATCH_paper2_May17 - Modelling and assessment of
... The increase in CO2 concentration can be explained by the following factors: • Anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels and industrial processes • Anthropogenic emissions/removals from land use change and forestry • Natural removals by the biosphere • Natural removals by the ocean ...
... The increase in CO2 concentration can be explained by the following factors: • Anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels and industrial processes • Anthropogenic emissions/removals from land use change and forestry • Natural removals by the biosphere • Natural removals by the ocean ...
Annex 5: Changes to the Atlantic Ocean circulation (Gulf Stream)
... al. 2007; Kanzow et al. 2007) highlight the need for additional data to support this conclusion. Furthermore, analyses using Atlantic sea surface temperature patterns as an indirect measurement of MOC strength also conflict with the ...
... al. 2007; Kanzow et al. 2007) highlight the need for additional data to support this conclusion. Furthermore, analyses using Atlantic sea surface temperature patterns as an indirect measurement of MOC strength also conflict with the ...
Powerpoint - Imode Energy Research
... temperatures to infer temperatures. • This approach has the advantage of measuring temperature directly. The disadvantage is that various soils and rocks differ in how they transfer heat and distort the temperature signal from the surface, so the precision of temperature measurement declines rapidly ...
... temperatures to infer temperatures. • This approach has the advantage of measuring temperature directly. The disadvantage is that various soils and rocks differ in how they transfer heat and distort the temperature signal from the surface, so the precision of temperature measurement declines rapidly ...
National climate change legislation: The key to more ambitious international agreements
... The process of developing and passing domestic legislation is important for informing and shaping a country’s position at the international negotiations. By examining options and developing the most nationally appropriate legislation, countries develop an understanding of the costs of different leve ...
... The process of developing and passing domestic legislation is important for informing and shaping a country’s position at the international negotiations. By examining options and developing the most nationally appropriate legislation, countries develop an understanding of the costs of different leve ...
From mitigation to creativity: the agency of museums and science
... strategies, like those of the science centre and the museum. A number justified their selection by arguing for the primacy of education: ‘if more people are educated, then they will do other things on this list’.2 Education was viewed as a precursor to decision-making; empowering the individual to w ...
... strategies, like those of the science centre and the museum. A number justified their selection by arguing for the primacy of education: ‘if more people are educated, then they will do other things on this list’.2 Education was viewed as a precursor to decision-making; empowering the individual to w ...
Managing the business risks and opportunities of a changing climate
... inflicted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Since that time, Entergy has worked with Swiss Re to assess the corporation’s asset exposure to wind-related damage, sea-level rise and increased storminess by 2030 under three climate scenarios. They have also assessed the cost-effectiveness of actions to p ...
... inflicted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Since that time, Entergy has worked with Swiss Re to assess the corporation’s asset exposure to wind-related damage, sea-level rise and increased storminess by 2030 under three climate scenarios. They have also assessed the cost-effectiveness of actions to p ...
ECMWF`s activities in atmospheric composition and climate
... ● Reanalysis of in-situ observations and satellite data produces a complete, comprehensive and coherent record of the recent climate ...
... ● Reanalysis of in-situ observations and satellite data produces a complete, comprehensive and coherent record of the recent climate ...
Climate controls on marine ecosystems and fish populations
... patterns provide enhanced warming over Eurasia and North America, the trends in the NAO and NP indices contribute to the observed overall NH warming trend in the last 50 years (Hurrell, 1996). In years when the values of both the NAO and NP are near the origin, such as the 1930s and 2000s, less orga ...
... patterns provide enhanced warming over Eurasia and North America, the trends in the NAO and NP indices contribute to the observed overall NH warming trend in the last 50 years (Hurrell, 1996). In years when the values of both the NAO and NP are near the origin, such as the 1930s and 2000s, less orga ...
Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the
... The Earth’s climate has undergone a global transition over the past four million years, from warm conditions with global surface temperatures about 3 8C warmer than today, smaller ice sheets and higher sea levels to the current cooler conditions. Tectonic changes and their influence on ocean heat tr ...
... The Earth’s climate has undergone a global transition over the past four million years, from warm conditions with global surface temperatures about 3 8C warmer than today, smaller ice sheets and higher sea levels to the current cooler conditions. Tectonic changes and their influence on ocean heat tr ...
Draft Resolution X - The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
... Restoration made available a review of the opportunities and challenges for ecological restoration within REDD+; and NOTING that many REDD+ projects under development may involve forested wetlands;] [11. RECOGNIZING that to be successful the REDD+ regime should foster explicit linkages between natio ...
... Restoration made available a review of the opportunities and challenges for ecological restoration within REDD+; and NOTING that many REDD+ projects under development may involve forested wetlands;] [11. RECOGNIZING that to be successful the REDD+ regime should foster explicit linkages between natio ...
PDF
... ultimately the behavior of the Earth’s climate system (2). Major uncertainties remain in the geospatial distribution of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks and the mechanisms that drive the distribution and its change. Research efforts have largely been focused on the investigation and quantificati ...
... ultimately the behavior of the Earth’s climate system (2). Major uncertainties remain in the geospatial distribution of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks and the mechanisms that drive the distribution and its change. Research efforts have largely been focused on the investigation and quantificati ...
Beyond long-term averages: making biological sense of a rapidly
... accurately capture limits under future, novel climatic conditions [24,25]. An explicit focus on the weather patterns likely to occur under future climate scenarios [26] coupled with knowledge of which factors most affect organisms [14] will provide insights into this dilemma. For example, many studi ...
... accurately capture limits under future, novel climatic conditions [24,25]. An explicit focus on the weather patterns likely to occur under future climate scenarios [26] coupled with knowledge of which factors most affect organisms [14] will provide insights into this dilemma. For example, many studi ...
Are observed changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
... “expert reviewers” throughout the world for comment. The TAR had 15 review editors, 124 authors and 397 expert reviewers. It is important to note, however, that comments that were not welcomed by the main authors stood little chance of being considered seriously. A commentary on this by editors of t ...
... “expert reviewers” throughout the world for comment. The TAR had 15 review editors, 124 authors and 397 expert reviewers. It is important to note, however, that comments that were not welcomed by the main authors stood little chance of being considered seriously. A commentary on this by editors of t ...
Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?
... [2] It is often assumed that moist convection will be stronger in a warmer climate [e.g., Hartmann, 2002]. The most direct, but difficult to observe, indicator of the intensity of convection is the vertical velocity of buoyant updrafts. Updraft speed affects the detrainment of hydrometeors into anvi ...
... [2] It is often assumed that moist convection will be stronger in a warmer climate [e.g., Hartmann, 2002]. The most direct, but difficult to observe, indicator of the intensity of convection is the vertical velocity of buoyant updrafts. Updraft speed affects the detrainment of hydrometeors into anvi ...
Climate change and coastal cities: the case of
... Mombasa is already affected by extreme climatic events, especially floods, droughts and strong winds (Photo 3). These climate-related disasters are projected to increase in frequency and intensity with long-term climate change, and Table 1 gives a summary of those that have occurred in Mombasa in th ...
... Mombasa is already affected by extreme climatic events, especially floods, droughts and strong winds (Photo 3). These climate-related disasters are projected to increase in frequency and intensity with long-term climate change, and Table 1 gives a summary of those that have occurred in Mombasa in th ...
Research Paper: Climate Change and Resource Sustainability
... actuaries do not claim professional expertise in environmental issues, they can be guided by the growing body of knowledge publicly available from reliable scientific sources. Being particularly qualified to deal with modelling financial consequences of risks and uncertainties, the actuarial profess ...
... actuaries do not claim professional expertise in environmental issues, they can be guided by the growing body of knowledge publicly available from reliable scientific sources. Being particularly qualified to deal with modelling financial consequences of risks and uncertainties, the actuarial profess ...
Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on food
... A relational database was developed including data from 741 peer-reviewed publications, reports, and other scientific sources. From these sources, 1653 ‘key facts’ linking the FWB pathogens of interest with a range of climatic variables were identified. Water temperature, seasonality, air temperatur ...
... A relational database was developed including data from 741 peer-reviewed publications, reports, and other scientific sources. From these sources, 1653 ‘key facts’ linking the FWB pathogens of interest with a range of climatic variables were identified. Water temperature, seasonality, air temperatur ...
2005 Exxon Foundation 990 vs Exxon Giving Report
... generally obstruct and distort the global warming policy debate with political and economic alarmist tactics. The available data published by Exxon, and later ExxonMobil, starts in1998, the year after the Kyoto Protocol was crafted. The database contains over 80 groups that have been funded by Exxon ...
... generally obstruct and distort the global warming policy debate with political and economic alarmist tactics. The available data published by Exxon, and later ExxonMobil, starts in1998, the year after the Kyoto Protocol was crafted. The database contains over 80 groups that have been funded by Exxon ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.