False Certainty Or False Uncertainty
... "In fact, the climate change debate is characterized by deep uncertainty, which results from factors such as lack of information, disagreement about what is known or even knowable, linguistic imprecision, statistical variation, measurement error, approximation, subjective judgment, and disagreement ...
... "In fact, the climate change debate is characterized by deep uncertainty, which results from factors such as lack of information, disagreement about what is known or even knowable, linguistic imprecision, statistical variation, measurement error, approximation, subjective judgment, and disagreement ...
Solving the paradox of the end of the Little Ice Age in the Alps
... balance for five glaciers in Austria, Switzerland, and France. (b) Cumulative centered mass balance series of the same glaciers (plus Claridenfirn) adjusted to the Saint Sorlin trend. (c) Cumulative mass balance from reconstruction (solid line) using degree-day model compared with Saint Sorlin and C ...
... balance for five glaciers in Austria, Switzerland, and France. (b) Cumulative centered mass balance series of the same glaciers (plus Claridenfirn) adjusted to the Saint Sorlin trend. (c) Cumulative mass balance from reconstruction (solid line) using degree-day model compared with Saint Sorlin and C ...
Legal Working Brief - Mexico General Law of Climate Change
... Mexico has become the second country, after the United Kingdom, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach. Importantly, this Law removes the challenge of addressing climate change from the whims o ...
... Mexico has become the second country, after the United Kingdom, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach. Importantly, this Law removes the challenge of addressing climate change from the whims o ...
The New General Law on Climate Change in Mexico
... Mexico has become the second country, after the United Kingdom, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach. Importantly, this Law removes the challenge of addressing climate change from the whims o ...
... Mexico has become the second country, after the United Kingdom, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach. Importantly, this Law removes the challenge of addressing climate change from the whims o ...
An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its
... In this report, as an alternative to the scenarios of gradual climatic warming that are so common, we outline an abrupt climate change scenario patterned after the 100year event that occurred about 8,200 years ago. This abrupt change scenario is characterized by the following conditions: • Annual a ...
... In this report, as an alternative to the scenarios of gradual climatic warming that are so common, we outline an abrupt climate change scenario patterned after the 100year event that occurred about 8,200 years ago. This abrupt change scenario is characterized by the following conditions: • Annual a ...
3. IPCC`s evaluation of evidence and treatment of uncertainty
... 1. It is unclear what the use of separate confidence and likelihood scales accomplishes. For example, one could have very high confidence that obtaining two sixes when rolling a pair of fair dice is extremely unlikely. But why not just say that obtaining two sixes when rolling a pair of fair dice is ...
... 1. It is unclear what the use of separate confidence and likelihood scales accomplishes. For example, one could have very high confidence that obtaining two sixes when rolling a pair of fair dice is extremely unlikely. But why not just say that obtaining two sixes when rolling a pair of fair dice is ...
Research and systematic observation
... and elemental compositions of samples from different environmental archives that contain detailed information about climate variability. As a joint effort, the Finnish Forest Research Institute and the Institute of Geology have constructed the longest annual pine chronology in the world (7640 years) ...
... and elemental compositions of samples from different environmental archives that contain detailed information about climate variability. As a joint effort, the Finnish Forest Research Institute and the Institute of Geology have constructed the longest annual pine chronology in the world (7640 years) ...
The World Meteorological Organization at a glance
... Another key player is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established in 1988 and co-sponsored by WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It assesses the available scientific, technical and socio-economic information to understand the risk of human-induced climate ...
... Another key player is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established in 1988 and co-sponsored by WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It assesses the available scientific, technical and socio-economic information to understand the risk of human-induced climate ...
FINAL: How to identify adaptation ... smallholder farmers in coffee and tea sector
... composition of the global atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over a comparable period of time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines it as any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The a ...
... composition of the global atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over a comparable period of time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines it as any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The a ...
Carrie_Kissman_
... entire state as well as at smaller, regional scales. The U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) has collected temperature and precipitation data at 26 weather stations throughout Ohio since 1895 (Figure 2). The number of USHCN weather stations is limited as USHCN stations are required to have a ...
... entire state as well as at smaller, regional scales. The U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) has collected temperature and precipitation data at 26 weather stations throughout Ohio since 1895 (Figure 2). The number of USHCN weather stations is limited as USHCN stations are required to have a ...
Document
... (1) their large share in historical CO2 emissions (long residence time) (2) and their small share of methane emissions (short residence time) Modelling and assessment of contributions to climate change ...
... (1) their large share in historical CO2 emissions (long residence time) (2) and their small share of methane emissions (short residence time) Modelling and assessment of contributions to climate change ...
A framework for modelling fish and shellfish
... is to apply a quasi-Bayesian method to construct weighted ensemble mean projections of regional environmental conditions. This method is based on the understanding that different models have different strengths and weaknesses, and that the better models for a particular parameter in a particular reg ...
... is to apply a quasi-Bayesian method to construct weighted ensemble mean projections of regional environmental conditions. This method is based on the understanding that different models have different strengths and weaknesses, and that the better models for a particular parameter in a particular reg ...
OESCHGER, HANS (b. Ottenbach, Zürich, Switzerland, 2 April 1927
... was first measured in the surface layers of the firn (granular snow) on Jungfraujoch in 1962. This technique was then applied to ice samples from Greenland as reported in 1963. The next goal was to date Greenland ice using radiocarbon. This marked the start of a long and fruitful collaboration with ...
... was first measured in the surface layers of the firn (granular snow) on Jungfraujoch in 1962. This technique was then applied to ice samples from Greenland as reported in 1963. The next goal was to date Greenland ice using radiocarbon. This marked the start of a long and fruitful collaboration with ...
"Biological Impacts of Climate Change". In: Encyclopedia of Life
... One of the fundamental lessons from the science of ecology is that patterns of climate strongly influence the distribution and abundances of living organisms. Climate describes weather patterns for a given location over an extended period of time (e.g. 10+ years). Climate is not just the average cond ...
... One of the fundamental lessons from the science of ecology is that patterns of climate strongly influence the distribution and abundances of living organisms. Climate describes weather patterns for a given location over an extended period of time (e.g. 10+ years). Climate is not just the average cond ...
Standards and Suggestions
... Examples of qualitative observations could include descriptions of the weather (such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and warm). Examples of quantitative observations could include numbers of sunny, windy, and rainy days in a month. Examples of patterns could include the fact that it is usually cooler in th ...
... Examples of qualitative observations could include descriptions of the weather (such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and warm). Examples of quantitative observations could include numbers of sunny, windy, and rainy days in a month. Examples of patterns could include the fact that it is usually cooler in th ...
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of
... The Köppen climate classification and its variants are the most widely used climate classification systems. In the present study, an improvement of the original system, the K-T (Trewartha and Horn, 1980) climate classification (Table I) was used. The K-T classification was applied to monthly mean t ...
... The Köppen climate classification and its variants are the most widely used climate classification systems. In the present study, an improvement of the original system, the K-T (Trewartha and Horn, 1980) climate classification (Table I) was used. The K-T classification was applied to monthly mean t ...
How Climate Science Became a Victim of the Cold War
... won the 2002 National Medal of Science.) Second, that this carbon dioxide is largely the result of the massive burning of fossil fuels—coal, oil, and gas—since the industrial revolution.4 Third, that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning that it is highly transparent to visible light and less ...
... won the 2002 National Medal of Science.) Second, that this carbon dioxide is largely the result of the massive burning of fossil fuels—coal, oil, and gas—since the industrial revolution.4 Third, that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning that it is highly transparent to visible light and less ...
md529e
... contribute to the eradication of poverty. FAO works closely with many of the world’s most vulnerable populations, especially in Africa, to help them increase their agricultural productivity, while ensuring that the natural resources they depend on are not over exploited or depleted. Agriculture not ...
... contribute to the eradication of poverty. FAO works closely with many of the world’s most vulnerable populations, especially in Africa, to help them increase their agricultural productivity, while ensuring that the natural resources they depend on are not over exploited or depleted. Agriculture not ...
2. Data and Methodology
... However, the spatial distribution of climate was significantly influenced by the altitude and terrain ...
... However, the spatial distribution of climate was significantly influenced by the altitude and terrain ...
Global imprint of climate change on marine life
... range location (black squares) (a), and phenology (days dec−1 ) during spring (red circles) and summer (brown triangles) (b). Axis scaled on square-root for display, so standard errors are asymmetric. Negative phenological changes (generally earlier) and positive distribution changes (generally pole ...
... range location (black squares) (a), and phenology (days dec−1 ) during spring (red circles) and summer (brown triangles) (b). Axis scaled on square-root for display, so standard errors are asymmetric. Negative phenological changes (generally earlier) and positive distribution changes (generally pole ...
Global Climate Change - A Suggested Resources list
... content issues: change over time, production, reduction… http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Carbon_Dioxide_Gallery Carbon for Kids – a series of four images that convey the relationship between a young person and carbon production in the United States. http://www.icbe.com/carbonforkids/ Climate Ac ...
... content issues: change over time, production, reduction… http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Carbon_Dioxide_Gallery Carbon for Kids – a series of four images that convey the relationship between a young person and carbon production in the United States. http://www.icbe.com/carbonforkids/ Climate Ac ...
Overlooked and Neglected Issues in Climate Change Studies: The Need for a
... GLOBAL warming is irreversible and billions of people will die over the next century, one of the world's leading climate change scientists claimed yesterday. Professor James Lovelock, the scientist who developed the Gaia principle (that Earth is a self-regulating, interconnected system), claimed tha ...
... GLOBAL warming is irreversible and billions of people will die over the next century, one of the world's leading climate change scientists claimed yesterday. Professor James Lovelock, the scientist who developed the Gaia principle (that Earth is a self-regulating, interconnected system), claimed tha ...
The politics of accuracy in judging global warming films
... This focus on error stimulated responses from climate scientists and other internet commentators, who now studied the accuracy of the judge’s claims of inaccuracy. For instance, John Shepherd, Professor of Oceanography at Southampton University and Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate C ...
... This focus on error stimulated responses from climate scientists and other internet commentators, who now studied the accuracy of the judge’s claims of inaccuracy. For instance, John Shepherd, Professor of Oceanography at Southampton University and Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate C ...
Migration and Climate Change: How will Climate Shifts Affect
... Re-thinking climate change and mass migration Estimates of the total number of people who will be displaced by climate change range from 150-200 million (Stern 2007) to one billion (Christian Aid 2007). However, the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change describes suc ...
... Re-thinking climate change and mass migration Estimates of the total number of people who will be displaced by climate change range from 150-200 million (Stern 2007) to one billion (Christian Aid 2007). However, the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change describes suc ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.