A Classification of AP Chemistry Reactions
... Dichromate is found in redox reactions. It is a very good oxidizing agent, and is always used in acidic solution, where it forms Cr3+: - A solution of potassium iodide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. H+ + Cr2O72- + I- Cr3+ + I2 + H2O Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen peroxide, ...
... Dichromate is found in redox reactions. It is a very good oxidizing agent, and is always used in acidic solution, where it forms Cr3+: - A solution of potassium iodide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. H+ + Cr2O72- + I- Cr3+ + I2 + H2O Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen peroxide, ...
SOLUBILITY RULES FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER
... 60. What happens during a Bronsted acid-base reaction? 61. Use appropriate ionic and molecular formulas to show the reactants and products for the following, each of which results in a reaction occurring. Balance all equations. For reactions in aqueous solution, give the balanced equation in net ion ...
... 60. What happens during a Bronsted acid-base reaction? 61. Use appropriate ionic and molecular formulas to show the reactants and products for the following, each of which results in a reaction occurring. Balance all equations. For reactions in aqueous solution, give the balanced equation in net ion ...
Acids and Bases
... with a non-exponential number. This value is referred to as pH and is defined by the following equation: pH = − log[H+ ], where p = – log and H refers to the hydrogen ion concentration. The p from pH comes from the German word potenz, meaning power or the exponent of. Rearranging this equation to sol ...
... with a non-exponential number. This value is referred to as pH and is defined by the following equation: pH = − log[H+ ], where p = – log and H refers to the hydrogen ion concentration. The p from pH comes from the German word potenz, meaning power or the exponent of. Rearranging this equation to sol ...
2004 NEACS Ashdown Exam 1. The allotrope of carbon shown to
... 66. Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, has two pKa values, 1.25 and 4.27. A 0.100 M solution of oxalic acid was titrated with a 0.100 M solution of NaOH. What is the pH at the second equivalence point is (A) 1.23 (B) 5.60 (C) 8.40 (D) 12.52 67. Which of the following compounds contains only 1 double bond? (A) CO2 ...
... 66. Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, has two pKa values, 1.25 and 4.27. A 0.100 M solution of oxalic acid was titrated with a 0.100 M solution of NaOH. What is the pH at the second equivalence point is (A) 1.23 (B) 5.60 (C) 8.40 (D) 12.52 67. Which of the following compounds contains only 1 double bond? (A) CO2 ...
E2 and E11 Acid Deposition Past Paper Questions
... 1CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq) OR CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2 H (aq) + HCO3 (aq) coal contains sulfur (which burns to form SO2) S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) OR … 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4 (aq ) ...
... 1CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq) OR CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2 H (aq) + HCO3 (aq) coal contains sulfur (which burns to form SO2) S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) OR … 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4 (aq ) ...
Multiple Choice Practice. A) P B) S C) Cl D) Li E) 1 F 1. Has the
... When the half reaction above is balanced, how many moles of electrons are needed for every mole of I2 formed by this half-reaction? A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 12 30. Which of the following is always true at the triple point of a pure substance? A) The vapor pressure of the solid phase equals the vapor ...
... When the half reaction above is balanced, how many moles of electrons are needed for every mole of I2 formed by this half-reaction? A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 12 30. Which of the following is always true at the triple point of a pure substance? A) The vapor pressure of the solid phase equals the vapor ...
Document
... phase labels. (Pure solids, liquids, gases, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes written as molecules.) ...
... phase labels. (Pure solids, liquids, gases, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes written as molecules.) ...
Molecular Modeling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants
... Figure 3: Electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrum for Chelsea humic acid. The spectrum exhibits the broad distribution of peaks observed in typical mass spectra of humic substances. It tails at approximately 1200 Dalton thereby suggesting that higher molecul ...
... Figure 3: Electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrum for Chelsea humic acid. The spectrum exhibits the broad distribution of peaks observed in typical mass spectra of humic substances. It tails at approximately 1200 Dalton thereby suggesting that higher molecul ...
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 2 Elements of Chemical Change
... substance is its molecular weight expressed in grams. Thus, a GMW of NaOH would be 40 grams, where the atomic weights are as follows: Na = 23, O = 16, and H = 1. Thus, .5 GMW of NaOH would be 20 grams, and so forth. A mole is one-gram molecular weight of a substance. Thus, a mole of NaOH is 40 grams ...
... substance is its molecular weight expressed in grams. Thus, a GMW of NaOH would be 40 grams, where the atomic weights are as follows: Na = 23, O = 16, and H = 1. Thus, .5 GMW of NaOH would be 20 grams, and so forth. A mole is one-gram molecular weight of a substance. Thus, a mole of NaOH is 40 grams ...
E:\My Documents\sch3u\SCH3Ureview.wpd
... c) Explain why all the atoms in this family form stable ions with this charge. 13) The Alkali Metals are a very reactive family of metals. a) Explain what happens to these atoms when they react with an atom of Chlorine. b) Why do all atoms in this family behave in this manner with Chlorine? c) Potas ...
... c) Explain why all the atoms in this family form stable ions with this charge. 13) The Alkali Metals are a very reactive family of metals. a) Explain what happens to these atoms when they react with an atom of Chlorine. b) Why do all atoms in this family behave in this manner with Chlorine? c) Potas ...
Simulation of multiphase physico-chemical processes occurring in
... Model description and initialization Within SPACCIM complex multiphase chemistry was coupled to a detailed microphysical model. The applied explicit aqueous phase radical mechanisms currently consists of CAPRAM 2.3 (Herrmann et al., 2000) and CAPRAM 2.4 (MODAC-mechanism, Ervens et al., 2003). The ga ...
... Model description and initialization Within SPACCIM complex multiphase chemistry was coupled to a detailed microphysical model. The applied explicit aqueous phase radical mechanisms currently consists of CAPRAM 2.3 (Herrmann et al., 2000) and CAPRAM 2.4 (MODAC-mechanism, Ervens et al., 2003). The ga ...
Exam 3 Review Sheet
... Activating the ring. • Synthesis of substituted benzenes, order of reaction for directing effects. • Reactions of phenol: o Kolbe carboxylation (plus mechanism) Ch. 18 Aldehydes and Ketones • Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones, proper hierarchy in naming. • Reactions of carbon nucleophiles with ...
... Activating the ring. • Synthesis of substituted benzenes, order of reaction for directing effects. • Reactions of phenol: o Kolbe carboxylation (plus mechanism) Ch. 18 Aldehydes and Ketones • Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones, proper hierarchy in naming. • Reactions of carbon nucleophiles with ...
Chapter Ten
... not necessarily the total acid concentration. ►The H+ concentration gives only the amount of acid that has dissociated into ions, whereas total acid concentration gives the sum of dissociated plus undissociated acid. ► In a 0.10 M solution of acetic acid the total acid concentration is 0.10 M, yet t ...
... not necessarily the total acid concentration. ►The H+ concentration gives only the amount of acid that has dissociated into ions, whereas total acid concentration gives the sum of dissociated plus undissociated acid. ► In a 0.10 M solution of acetic acid the total acid concentration is 0.10 M, yet t ...
Monitoring Reactions by TLC The fastest and most commonly used
... solvents are conveniently made up in the TLC chamber just before analysis from solvents kept in dropping bottles. Common TLC solvent combinations are: • For neutral organic molecules: hexanes (bp 68-70 °C) as the non-polar component and ethyl acetate (EtOAc, bp 77-78 °C) as the polar component. The ...
... solvents are conveniently made up in the TLC chamber just before analysis from solvents kept in dropping bottles. Common TLC solvent combinations are: • For neutral organic molecules: hexanes (bp 68-70 °C) as the non-polar component and ethyl acetate (EtOAc, bp 77-78 °C) as the polar component. The ...
Chemistry- CST Review
... 1. What causes gas pressure in terms of kinetic theory? Gas pressure is caused by the random motion of the gas molecules. 2. If someone sprays perfume at the front of the room, will the people in the back of the room eventually be able to smell it? Why? Explain completely. Yes, the perfume will be s ...
... 1. What causes gas pressure in terms of kinetic theory? Gas pressure is caused by the random motion of the gas molecules. 2. If someone sprays perfume at the front of the room, will the people in the back of the room eventually be able to smell it? Why? Explain completely. Yes, the perfume will be s ...
Chemistry@YIA – additional information
... Second is the quantity of material that you have to cover and sorting out what’s important. It’s useful to identify patterns that you can then ‘hang’ facts on as you need them. Third, and most importantly, getting sufficient detail into your written answers is crucial. Very often students know the f ...
... Second is the quantity of material that you have to cover and sorting out what’s important. It’s useful to identify patterns that you can then ‘hang’ facts on as you need them. Third, and most importantly, getting sufficient detail into your written answers is crucial. Very often students know the f ...
Acid
An acid (from the Latin acidus/acēre meaning sour) is a chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. Non-aqueous acids are usually formed when an anion (negative ion) reacts with one or more positively charged hydrogen cations. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic.There are three common definitions for acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brønsted-Lowry definition, and the Lewis definition. The Arrhenius definition defines acids as substances which increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), or more accurately, hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition is an expansion: an acid is a substance which can act as a proton donor. By this definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid. Examples include alcohols and amines which contain O-H or N-H fragments. A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. Examples of Lewis acids include all metal cations, and electron-deficient molecules such as boron trifluoride and aluminium trichloride.Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride which is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and tartaric acid (a solid used in baking). As these examples show, acids can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric acid.