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Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making
Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making

... dependency of the technological structure. For example, in such a curve it is not possible to integrate a low-carbon technology (e.g. coal carbon capture and storage) that is responsible for emission abatement at low cost levels but is replaced at higher cost by a zero-carbon technology. In addition ...
Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate
Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate

... Climate change has had, and increasingly will have, a significant influence on the world’s natural ecosystems, their species, and the functions, goods and services that they provide (Hulme 2005). For some highly vulnerable species and ecosystems, persistence may depend on the success of global mitig ...
Deglacial	 impact	 of	 the	 Scandinavian	 Ice	 Sheet	 on	 the North	Atlantic	climate	system Francesco	Muschitiello
Deglacial impact of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet on the North Atlantic climate system Francesco Muschitiello

... Paper I: F.M. conceived the study, was the main contributor in terms of analyses, wrote the initial version of the paper and made the figures. B.W contributed with writing and interpretation of the results. Paper II: F.M. conceived the study, performed isotope and geochemica ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... the latter, in the form of deforestation or transformation of natural grassland into urban or cropland areas [3]. As of the year 2000, savannahs, grasslands and forests, with a global area of 15 million km2 (which is almost 40% of Earth’s ice free land surface [4]), have been replaced for agricultur ...
Thanks Jim - International Biochar Initiative
Thanks Jim - International Biochar Initiative

... announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal i ...
Climate change and Ontario`s provincial parks
Climate change and Ontario`s provincial parks

... of climate change impacts (e.g., changes in ecosystem composition, structure, and function as well as increased forest fire severity) were identified as potentially significant for Ontario Parks’ policy, planning, and management frameworks. While the literature review and the models described in thi ...
The climate is changing - the ICP Vegetation
The climate is changing - the ICP Vegetation

... vegeta'on.  Nitrogen  tends  to  increase  plant  growth  and  crop  yield,  whereas  ozone  has   the   opposite   effect   with   high   concentra'ons   tending   to   reduce   root   growth   and   seed   produc'on  more  than  shoot  gro ...
Assessing Vulnerabilities to the Effects of Global Change: An Eight
Assessing Vulnerabilities to the Effects of Global Change: An Eight

... vulnerability perspective is such a promising and innovative research direction, then how does one do it? The two specific purposes of this paper are to specify what is novel about global change vulnerability assessments, and to propose a common methodology for conducting such assessments, for a bro ...
Cooling Agents
Cooling Agents

... transport. Accounting for these shifts is not easy, if at all possible. The fundamental question Chintan faced was this: how to put numbers to the greenhouse gas savings the informal recycling sector brings to the table? We decided to look only at the materials that were most frequently recycled – l ...
Quantifying the effects of climate variability and human activities on
Quantifying the effects of climate variability and human activities on

... probability series of the step change point years. The intersection of the curves indicates that there are two step change points (in 1993 and 1995 at the 0.01 significance level) for the runoff series. To investigate the effect of climate change on runoff, we also carried out the test for annual pr ...
Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change
Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change

... Scientists, policy-makers, and the general public are increasingly aware that global patterns of environmental degradation are putting people at risk (Kasperson and Kasperson, 2001). These threats are global in both systemic (e.g., climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions) and cumulative terms ...
Climate Change and Population Movement in Pacific Island Countries
Climate Change and Population Movement in Pacific Island Countries

... emissions. Despite this, action to slow the building of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases has been slow and patchy. This was evidenced at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Copenhagen in late 2009 where concre ...
Volume 25, Nº1, 2011
Volume 25, Nº1, 2011

... rainfall variability and intensive rainfall events will increase. Going beyond the present to the future, we find that serious account has to be taken of the socio-economic and political contexts in providing useful data. Speranza (2010) points out that climate projections for SSA do not fit the spa ...
Pension Fund Trustees and Climate Change Research report 106
Pension Fund Trustees and Climate Change Research report 106

... First I would like to thank the ESRC for funding this project and to acknowledge the support of ACCA, UKSIF, the PMI and the NAPF. In compiling this report, I am grateful to Hannah Clarke for her assistance with the interviews for this project and, of course, to the interviewees who gave their time, ...
Final Market Research Report - Department of Agriculture and Water
Final Market Research Report - Department of Agriculture and Water

... At the same time, primary producers understand and acknowledge the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies such as preparing for prolonged drought, improving productivity and reducing costs. The difference is that it is about improving their response and readiness to natural cycles of climate ...
climate change adaptation plan
climate change adaptation plan

... mission to create strong, sustainable, inclusive communities, and quality affordable homes for all Americans. The Department invests billions of dollars every year in housing, infrastructure, and services in communities across America. As the National Climate Assessment recently documented, climate- ...
Ontario Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and
Ontario Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and

... and considers interdependencies. Doing so will help public health officials inform and improve existing operational processes with findings about climate change impacts on health. It will also facilitate cross-sectoral collaboration on new and existing adaptation programs. Achieving this type of int ...
Australia`s Farming Future Final Market Research Report
Australia`s Farming Future Final Market Research Report

... At the same time, primary producers understand and acknowledge the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies such as preparing for prolonged drought, improving productivity and reducing costs. The difference is that it is about improving their response and readiness to natural cycles of climate ...
MULTI‐MUNICIPAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
MULTI‐MUNICIPAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY

... fuels: petroleum refined into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, heating oil, and other fuels; coal; and  natural gas.  As fossil fuels are combusted to provide energy, gases are emitted, including carbon dioxide  (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) an ...
Victoria`s Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Victoria`s Climate Change Adaptation Plan

... world-leading legislative framework for action on climate change. It includes a target of net zero emissions by 2050, with five-yearly interim targets to ensure we stay on track to meet the long-term target, and a pledge process to reduce emissions across our economy. It will also require climate ch ...
Why the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol
Why the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol

... level I negotiators’ tactics (Putnam, 1988: 442ff.). For ratification in all countries to be feasible, these countries’ win-sets must overlap. If they do, a country having a small winset might be able to extract larger concessions — such as a more generous emissions allowance — than if it were to ha ...
Degrees of Change: Climate Warming and the Stakes for Canada
Degrees of Change: Climate Warming and the Stakes for Canada

... melting sea ice in the Arctic to the pine beetle infestation in British Columbia to more extreme weather events, a warming globe from increased greenhouse gas emissions is making its effects known right here at home. Global temperatures have already increased by 0.78 degrees Celsius from pre-industr ...
Take a look at the complete Ghent Climate Adaptation
Take a look at the complete Ghent Climate Adaptation

... On 16 October 2014, the City of Ghent was one of the first cities in Flanders to sign the European Covenant of Mayors called Mayors Adapt. With this move, Ghent committed to developing a climate adaptation strategy and drawing up an action plan with local measures for adapting the urban environment ...
- Student Organizations
- Student Organizations

... date to define this category of people. While some scholars and international organizations, including the United Nations Environment Programme (“UNEP”), refer to the terms such as environmental refugee and climate change refugee, such groups have no legal basis in international refugee law. There i ...
Environment and Climate Change Assessment
Environment and Climate Change Assessment

... This report was managed by Lauren Sorkin, environment and climate change specialist, Viet Nam Resident Mission (VRM) and Pradeep Tharakan, climate change specialist, Southeast Asia Department (SERD), Energy Division. The report was written by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Ce ...
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Climate engineering



Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.
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