Pacific puzzle
... online tool (http://go.nature.com/8VQXYx) that can be used to calculate the rate of warming using various start dates and any of the available data sets. But he warns that there is little to be gained from looking at short-term trends; instead we should be focused on long-term warming. “Drawing simp ...
... online tool (http://go.nature.com/8VQXYx) that can be used to calculate the rate of warming using various start dates and any of the available data sets. But he warns that there is little to be gained from looking at short-term trends; instead we should be focused on long-term warming. “Drawing simp ...
(0°C) for at least two years. Permafrost is typically characterized by
... remainder of the 21st century. The other is a lower emissions scenario, where emissions continue to increase but at a lower rate, stabilizing around 2050, then declining to levels below the present level by 2100. There are therefore two scenarios for each model, giving a range of possible outcomes f ...
... remainder of the 21st century. The other is a lower emissions scenario, where emissions continue to increase but at a lower rate, stabilizing around 2050, then declining to levels below the present level by 2100. There are therefore two scenarios for each model, giving a range of possible outcomes f ...
Warm Oceans Raise Land Temperatures
... (top) land surface temperature anomalies (°C) and (bottom) 200-millibar geopotential height anomalies (meters). Curves in the top and bottom right-hand panels are the zonally averaged land surface temperature and 200-millibar height anomalies, respectively. Extreme low (high) zonal mean values among ...
... (top) land surface temperature anomalies (°C) and (bottom) 200-millibar geopotential height anomalies (meters). Curves in the top and bottom right-hand panels are the zonally averaged land surface temperature and 200-millibar height anomalies, respectively. Extreme low (high) zonal mean values among ...
Extreme weather and nuclear power plants (EXWE)
... to CORDEX regional climate models. Left: Percentage of identified freezing rain days in a year in the present-day climate Right: Estimated relative change in future (%) ...
... to CORDEX regional climate models. Left: Percentage of identified freezing rain days in a year in the present-day climate Right: Estimated relative change in future (%) ...
Fall07_Exam3
... (c) increased slightly ; does (d) increased slightly ; does not 21. From about 1940-1980, the global average surface temperature __________ ; one possible explanation for this temperature trend is the production of sulfate aerosols from ________. (a) decreased significantly ; higher ocean temperatur ...
... (c) increased slightly ; does (d) increased slightly ; does not 21. From about 1940-1980, the global average surface temperature __________ ; one possible explanation for this temperature trend is the production of sulfate aerosols from ________. (a) decreased significantly ; higher ocean temperatur ...
Chapter 19_lecture
... Ozone is broken down into O2 and free oxygen atoms when it absorbs both UV-C and UV-B ultraviolet light: O3 + UV-B or UV-C -> O2 + O ...
... Ozone is broken down into O2 and free oxygen atoms when it absorbs both UV-C and UV-B ultraviolet light: O3 + UV-B or UV-C -> O2 + O ...
figure 2.1
... Red indicates areas of ice melt. Melt zones increased with warming in the latter half of the 20th century. Greenland melt increases sea level rise, in contrast to the melting of sea ice (e.g., in Antarctica), which does not increase sea level because the ice is already displacing seawater. Continued ...
... Red indicates areas of ice melt. Melt zones increased with warming in the latter half of the 20th century. Greenland melt increases sea level rise, in contrast to the melting of sea ice (e.g., in Antarctica), which does not increase sea level because the ice is already displacing seawater. Continued ...
Climate Change-WHO-07
... Atlantic “conveyor” behavior Theory & models predict that global warming will slow the conveyor. Recent measurements suggest northward heat transport by the conveyor may already have slowed by 25% ...
... Atlantic “conveyor” behavior Theory & models predict that global warming will slow the conveyor. Recent measurements suggest northward heat transport by the conveyor may already have slowed by 25% ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.