adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate
... climate regions and its implications for climate adaptation. Using exogenous variation in temperature and data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for co ...
... climate regions and its implications for climate adaptation. Using exogenous variation in temperature and data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for co ...
CCCI_Mongolia_Executive_Summary_20110411
... average wind speed in these areas is in 4-6 m/s. West-northwest-north wind dominates, but the wind depends much on relief and landscape. Gobi-desert area has 30-100 days (300-600 hours) of year sand-dust storm. Mongolian dust storms are one of the main sources of “Asian yellow dust”. ...
... average wind speed in these areas is in 4-6 m/s. West-northwest-north wind dominates, but the wind depends much on relief and landscape. Gobi-desert area has 30-100 days (300-600 hours) of year sand-dust storm. Mongolian dust storms are one of the main sources of “Asian yellow dust”. ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... past to find intervals of time in which greenhouse gases, as well as global temperatures, were comparable to what climate models predict will occur by the end of the twenty-first century [2]. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than at an ...
... past to find intervals of time in which greenhouse gases, as well as global temperatures, were comparable to what climate models predict will occur by the end of the twenty-first century [2]. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than at an ...
Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in
... have been selected from the model simulations. The 1901–2000 and 2051–2200 periods define the present (20c3m) and future climate, respectively. In addition to monthly CMIP3 precipitation, the horizontal wind vector and pressure vertical velocity (ω) fields are used. These variables are used to estim ...
... have been selected from the model simulations. The 1901–2000 and 2051–2200 periods define the present (20c3m) and future climate, respectively. In addition to monthly CMIP3 precipitation, the horizontal wind vector and pressure vertical velocity (ω) fields are used. These variables are used to estim ...
CLIMATIC CHANGE IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS: A REVIEW OF
... within mountains or in the foothills of the mountains (Meybeck et al., 2001), mountain-based resources indirectly provide sustenance for over half. Moreover, 40% of global population lives in the watersheds of rivers originating in the planet’s different mountain ranges. Mountains also represent uni ...
... within mountains or in the foothills of the mountains (Meybeck et al., 2001), mountain-based resources indirectly provide sustenance for over half. Moreover, 40% of global population lives in the watersheds of rivers originating in the planet’s different mountain ranges. Mountains also represent uni ...
Neil Bird - Tracking climate finance in budgetary systems
... (iii) Issues that require attention • Ministry Budget Frameworks need to ...
... (iii) Issues that require attention • Ministry Budget Frameworks need to ...
The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth`s temperature to radiation
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
Plant communities and global change: adaptation by changes in
... anthropogenic activities (Vitousek et al., 1997). In the twelve years between 1995 and 2006, eleven were ranked in the twelve warmest years since the beginning of the measurements in 1850 (IPCC, 2007). Global cover of mountain glaciers and snow caps is declining and more extreme weather conditions a ...
... anthropogenic activities (Vitousek et al., 1997). In the twelve years between 1995 and 2006, eleven were ranked in the twelve warmest years since the beginning of the measurements in 1850 (IPCC, 2007). Global cover of mountain glaciers and snow caps is declining and more extreme weather conditions a ...
Climate Risk Assessment for Water Resources
... Precipitation projections for West Africa vary widely, such that GCMs even lack agreement on the direction of future changes in precipitation (Figs. 4 - 5). Therefore, we analyzed precipitation and temperature projections from an ensemble of 38 GCM simulations5 for the 21st century, to capture a qua ...
... Precipitation projections for West Africa vary widely, such that GCMs even lack agreement on the direction of future changes in precipitation (Figs. 4 - 5). Therefore, we analyzed precipitation and temperature projections from an ensemble of 38 GCM simulations5 for the 21st century, to capture a qua ...
NF3, the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto
... greenhouse gas. (The updated 20-yr GWP is 12,200, and 500-yr GWP is 18,700.) [6] The new lifetimes for CFC-11, -12, and -113 are very close to the reference lifetimes, but those for -114 and -115 are shorter by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. The cause of such large differences is not obvious. The ...
... greenhouse gas. (The updated 20-yr GWP is 12,200, and 500-yr GWP is 18,700.) [6] The new lifetimes for CFC-11, -12, and -113 are very close to the reference lifetimes, but those for -114 and -115 are shorter by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. The cause of such large differences is not obvious. The ...
the imposible sustainability: applications of relational
... the planet only has a name, ecocide. Recently, interesting studies emphasized on the needs to change the current source of energy to mitigate the effects of climate change such as hurricanes, typhoons and extreme weather (Gossling & Hall, 2006; Scott, Gossling & Hall, 2012; Korstanje & George, 2012) ...
... the planet only has a name, ecocide. Recently, interesting studies emphasized on the needs to change the current source of energy to mitigate the effects of climate change such as hurricanes, typhoons and extreme weather (Gossling & Hall, 2006; Scott, Gossling & Hall, 2012; Korstanje & George, 2012) ...
Energy-Water-Climate Change Scenario Report
... broader effort for future consideration. Several discussions during 2014 contributed to the development of this scenario. WECC’s Scenario Planning Steering Group (SPSG) sponsored a workshop to consider issues related to the nexus of energy and water as they may be impacted by changes to the climate. ...
... broader effort for future consideration. Several discussions during 2014 contributed to the development of this scenario. WECC’s Scenario Planning Steering Group (SPSG) sponsored a workshop to consider issues related to the nexus of energy and water as they may be impacted by changes to the climate. ...
Landscape Heritage, Biosphere Change, Climate Change
... A General Method for Opening up a Discourse on Biosphere Change in Connection with Landscape Heritage and Conservation? The various points made above provide a basis for a general method for identifying, analyzing and assessing the effects of Biosphere Change and the action that might be taken. The ...
... A General Method for Opening up a Discourse on Biosphere Change in Connection with Landscape Heritage and Conservation? The various points made above provide a basis for a general method for identifying, analyzing and assessing the effects of Biosphere Change and the action that might be taken. The ...
Impacts, Adaptations and Uncertainty in the face of Anthropogenic
... Every year Canada’s boreal forest is affected by disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increa ...
... Every year Canada’s boreal forest is affected by disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increa ...
The equilibrium sensitivity of Earth`s temperature to radiation changes.
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
Multi-decadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14C
... al., 2013]. This slightly lower CO2 appears associated with maximum cooling within a multicentennial Northern Hemisphere-wide climatic downturn commonly described as the „Little Ice Age‟ (LIA; CE 1250-1850) [Mann et al., 2009; PAGES 2k Consortium, 2013]. The decrease and subsequent increase in atmos ...
... al., 2013]. This slightly lower CO2 appears associated with maximum cooling within a multicentennial Northern Hemisphere-wide climatic downturn commonly described as the „Little Ice Age‟ (LIA; CE 1250-1850) [Mann et al., 2009; PAGES 2k Consortium, 2013]. The decrease and subsequent increase in atmos ...
Size and variability of crop productivity both impacted by CO 2
... change on crop production, and the means to alleviate these impacts. While projections of the response of crop production to climate change at different regions are known to vary, field experimental studies are needed to observe the impact of climatic factors on crop growth, and to serve as an obser ...
... change on crop production, and the means to alleviate these impacts. While projections of the response of crop production to climate change at different regions are known to vary, field experimental studies are needed to observe the impact of climatic factors on crop growth, and to serve as an obser ...
Full-Text PDF
... Subsequently and until the present, the reformed GH layer thins only slightly as the transient effects of the second sea level increase decrease and the thermal effects of both sea bottom temperature and latent heat are re-established. Therefore we predict that Pacific Margin GHs in water depths les ...
... Subsequently and until the present, the reformed GH layer thins only slightly as the transient effects of the second sea level increase decrease and the thermal effects of both sea bottom temperature and latent heat are re-established. Therefore we predict that Pacific Margin GHs in water depths les ...
Chapter 19 Climate Change Effects on Watershed Processes in
... 1901–2004, respectively). Temperatures and precipitation trends calculated from mean daily values as seasonal (winter as December–February and summer as June–August) and annual averages. Values provided for the province as a whole, and for the Coastal, South, North, and Georgia Basin regions (see Fi ...
... 1901–2004, respectively). Temperatures and precipitation trends calculated from mean daily values as seasonal (winter as December–February and summer as June–August) and annual averages. Values provided for the province as a whole, and for the Coastal, South, North, and Georgia Basin regions (see Fi ...
Strong increase in convective precipitation in response to higher
... precipitation are convection-resolving models. Although no support for intensity increases beyond the Clausius–Clapeyron rate was gained from some studies15,16 , others found that extreme rainfall at high temperatures may increase beyond the Clausius–Clapeyron rate, when the life cycle of individual ...
... precipitation are convection-resolving models. Although no support for intensity increases beyond the Clausius–Clapeyron rate was gained from some studies15,16 , others found that extreme rainfall at high temperatures may increase beyond the Clausius–Clapeyron rate, when the life cycle of individual ...
Climate-biosphere interactions on glacial
... climate change. Typical estimates for climate sensitivity to increased CO2 would attribute about 2C of the 6 C glacial-interglacial temperature change to different greenhouse gas concentrations [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ), 2001]. The remainder of the warming was due to a de ...
... climate change. Typical estimates for climate sensitivity to increased CO2 would attribute about 2C of the 6 C glacial-interglacial temperature change to different greenhouse gas concentrations [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ), 2001]. The remainder of the warming was due to a de ...
Time series analyses reveal possible responses by the lichen
... units, and values are presented in Table 1. The convexity (θ) was initially set to 0.9 in the ...
... units, and values are presented in Table 1. The convexity (θ) was initially set to 0.9 in the ...
Climate change and its impacts on river discharge in two climate
... The hydrological model used in this study was the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The model has been developed with the continuation of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) modeling experiences for a period of over 30 years ...
... The hydrological model used in this study was the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The model has been developed with the continuation of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) modeling experiences for a period of over 30 years ...
Guidance on climate change for asset and
... given time. 7 This may be related to a decision to collect further information. In other circumstances, options to build the capacity for adaptive management as information changes over time will be optimal. Climate change uncertainty should be explicitly acknowledged and built into decision-making ...
... given time. 7 This may be related to a decision to collect further information. In other circumstances, options to build the capacity for adaptive management as information changes over time will be optimal. Climate change uncertainty should be explicitly acknowledged and built into decision-making ...
Abrupt Non-Linear Climate Change, Irreversibility and
... irreversibility or hysteresis -- changes that persist in the new post-disturbance state even when the original forcing is restored. This irreversibility can be a consequence of multiple stable equilibria in the coupled system -- that is, the same forcing might produce different responses depending o ...
... irreversibility or hysteresis -- changes that persist in the new post-disturbance state even when the original forcing is restored. This irreversibility can be a consequence of multiple stable equilibria in the coupled system -- that is, the same forcing might produce different responses depending o ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.