Arctic Paleoclimate Synthesis Thematic Papers
... As the planet cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic, extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets developed by 2.6 Ma ago, leading to changes in the circulation of both the atmosphere and oceans. From w2.6 to w1.0 Ma ago, ice sheets came and went about every 41 ka, in pace with cycles in the til ...
... As the planet cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic, extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets developed by 2.6 Ma ago, leading to changes in the circulation of both the atmosphere and oceans. From w2.6 to w1.0 Ma ago, ice sheets came and went about every 41 ka, in pace with cycles in the til ...
Climate Ready Stirling`s Main Issues Report
... average temperature since the middle of the 20th century is due to emissions of greenhouse gases, deforestation and other human activities. The upward trend in temperature is undeniable, despite natural variabilities that can cause the rate of warming to temporarily slow down or speed up for short p ...
... average temperature since the middle of the 20th century is due to emissions of greenhouse gases, deforestation and other human activities. The upward trend in temperature is undeniable, despite natural variabilities that can cause the rate of warming to temporarily slow down or speed up for short p ...
NEWSLETTER - UU Ministry for Earth
... Well, low-lying landmasses such as Captiva Island provide both a laboratory and a platform to address rising waters worldwide and will be among the first to be affected by global weather disturbances. Resting so near sea level, the island offers an opportunity to serve as a “ground zero” threshold ...
... Well, low-lying landmasses such as Captiva Island provide both a laboratory and a platform to address rising waters worldwide and will be among the first to be affected by global weather disturbances. Resting so near sea level, the island offers an opportunity to serve as a “ground zero” threshold ...
Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Resources Variability
... is conditioned by large-scale climate and by local physiographical features such as topography, distance to a coast, and vegetation. At a specific location, therefore, links should exist between large-scale and local climatic conditions. Statistical downscaling consists of identifying empirical link ...
... is conditioned by large-scale climate and by local physiographical features such as topography, distance to a coast, and vegetation. At a specific location, therefore, links should exist between large-scale and local climatic conditions. Statistical downscaling consists of identifying empirical link ...
Page 1 of 2 IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4/1
... This Working Group I contribution to the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science of climate change and continues to broaden the view of that science, following on from previous Working Group I assessments. The results presented here are based ...
... This Working Group I contribution to the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science of climate change and continues to broaden the view of that science, following on from previous Working Group I assessments. The results presented here are based ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emissions Trading in North America
... greenhouse gas molecules. This causes increased warming of the earth's surface in the lower atmosphere. The balance of those greenhouse gases affects the relative average temperatures of the world. For a given concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the resulting amount of radioactive f ...
... greenhouse gas molecules. This causes increased warming of the earth's surface in the lower atmosphere. The balance of those greenhouse gases affects the relative average temperatures of the world. For a given concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the resulting amount of radioactive f ...
Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate
... change on the carbon cycle. That is to say, OCEi and BIOi are calculated using the climate of the Control simulation. The difference between this simulation and the Control one isolates the impact of CO2 increase only on land. [17] The difference in simulated uptakes between the Coupled Scenario run ...
... change on the carbon cycle. That is to say, OCEi and BIOi are calculated using the climate of the Control simulation. The difference between this simulation and the Control one isolates the impact of CO2 increase only on land. [17] The difference in simulated uptakes between the Coupled Scenario run ...
Methane from food production might be the next wildcard in climate
... Where does all the methane go? Methane is emitted from multiple sources, mostly from land, and accumulates in the atmosphere where we measure its concentration. In our greenhouse gas budgets, we look at two important numbers. First, we look at emissions (which activities are producing greenhouse gas ...
... Where does all the methane go? Methane is emitted from multiple sources, mostly from land, and accumulates in the atmosphere where we measure its concentration. In our greenhouse gas budgets, we look at two important numbers. First, we look at emissions (which activities are producing greenhouse gas ...
The Ocean in a High-CO2 World
... Repeated hydrographic cruises and modelling studies in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans show evidence for increased ocean acidification. The dissolved inorganic carbon increases in surface waters of the Pacific Ocean over the past 15 years are consistent with pH decreases (Figure). These chan ...
... Repeated hydrographic cruises and modelling studies in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans show evidence for increased ocean acidification. The dissolved inorganic carbon increases in surface waters of the Pacific Ocean over the past 15 years are consistent with pH decreases (Figure). These chan ...
Research priorities in land use and land
... of land use as a critical factor in socio-economic decision making, e.g. for food and timber production, valuation of the state of ecosystems and their services, and increasingly, as a response to demand for biofuels in the electricity and transportation sectors. Although many IAMs have focused stro ...
... of land use as a critical factor in socio-economic decision making, e.g. for food and timber production, valuation of the state of ecosystems and their services, and increasingly, as a response to demand for biofuels in the electricity and transportation sectors. Although many IAMs have focused stro ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
... Impacts on Streams and Reservoirs Seasonal changes in precipitation will not only affect winter recreation, but could have a major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller sno ...
... Impacts on Streams and Reservoirs Seasonal changes in precipitation will not only affect winter recreation, but could have a major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller sno ...
Water in Washington (PDF)
... below indicate current and future average monthly streamflow for these watershed types. Both compare average historical conditions (1916-2006) and projected future conditions for two time periods, the 2040s (2030-2059) and the 2080s (2070-2099), under a medium greenhouse gas scenario (A1B). Green sh ...
... below indicate current and future average monthly streamflow for these watershed types. Both compare average historical conditions (1916-2006) and projected future conditions for two time periods, the 2040s (2030-2059) and the 2080s (2070-2099), under a medium greenhouse gas scenario (A1B). Green sh ...
Glaciological conditions in seven contrasting regions estimated with
... between observed ELA and median elevation in Figure 1 is very close to 1 : 1. The median elevation should therefore express the broad geographical variations in ELA that we need for our study. For detailed studies of single glaciers, or small regions, however, it may be worth working out various ‘co ...
... between observed ELA and median elevation in Figure 1 is very close to 1 : 1. The median elevation should therefore express the broad geographical variations in ELA that we need for our study. For detailed studies of single glaciers, or small regions, however, it may be worth working out various ‘co ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... modeling study are complimentary to the results from the work by Govindasamy et al. (2005), notably the increase in carbon–climate feedback with climate sensitivity, and persistence of the terrestrial carbon sink over the twenty-first century. In their model, the positive feedback between the carbon ...
... modeling study are complimentary to the results from the work by Govindasamy et al. (2005), notably the increase in carbon–climate feedback with climate sensitivity, and persistence of the terrestrial carbon sink over the twenty-first century. In their model, the positive feedback between the carbon ...
Stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide via zero emissions—An
... stabilization (Z-stabilization).” Over the course of several previous reports, the present authors have advocated the need to extend the stabilization concept in this manner in order to avoid long-term risks while meeting the short-term need for relatively large emissions.12)–15) This new concept of ...
... stabilization (Z-stabilization).” Over the course of several previous reports, the present authors have advocated the need to extend the stabilization concept in this manner in order to avoid long-term risks while meeting the short-term need for relatively large emissions.12)–15) This new concept of ...
Some thoughts on a strategy for adaptation to
... limit damages from extreme weather events, it becomes particularly important to decide whether one should assume the more adverse of the possible SRES and mitigation scenarios. Assuming a more adverse scenario is likely of course to imply much higher costs in terms of the required design of the infr ...
... limit damages from extreme weather events, it becomes particularly important to decide whether one should assume the more adverse of the possible SRES and mitigation scenarios. Assuming a more adverse scenario is likely of course to imply much higher costs in terms of the required design of the infr ...
2 Andean montane forests and climate change
... Webb and Rancy, 1996). The great American faunal interchange in which successive waves of taxa moved north and south and then underwent adaptive radiation began as early as 16 million years ago and reached its peak (Webb, 1997) following the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, a progressive process in ...
... Webb and Rancy, 1996). The great American faunal interchange in which successive waves of taxa moved north and south and then underwent adaptive radiation began as early as 16 million years ago and reached its peak (Webb, 1997) following the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, a progressive process in ...
Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries
... combustion increased, concentrations of these gases began to rise. For example, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is now higher than any observed in the last 160,000 years (Dobson 2001). Judging from paleoclimatic data, current temperatures have reached maxima seen in other interglacia ...
... combustion increased, concentrations of these gases began to rise. For example, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is now higher than any observed in the last 160,000 years (Dobson 2001). Judging from paleoclimatic data, current temperatures have reached maxima seen in other interglacia ...
Adapting to climate change: A perspective from evolutionary
... recent and larger compilation of data suggests that this may well be the case for squamate reptiles (S. Clusella- ...
... recent and larger compilation of data suggests that this may well be the case for squamate reptiles (S. Clusella- ...
Novel communities from climate change
... smaller cells, where diatoms would be at a competitive disadvantage [24]. In another study, picophytoplankton (which comprise cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae smaller than 2 mm) increased with temperature along a natural temperature gradient in the ocean, regardless of differences in trophic statu ...
... smaller cells, where diatoms would be at a competitive disadvantage [24]. In another study, picophytoplankton (which comprise cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae smaller than 2 mm) increased with temperature along a natural temperature gradient in the ocean, regardless of differences in trophic statu ...
Changes in Climate will modify the Geography of Crop Suitability
... of climate change. Overall, suitable areas will increase, but most affected by loss of area will generally be regions that are already struggling from the impacts of irregular and extreme climate events. Regions such as Europe, Antarctica and North America stand to gain additional area for cultivati ...
... of climate change. Overall, suitable areas will increase, but most affected by loss of area will generally be regions that are already struggling from the impacts of irregular and extreme climate events. Regions such as Europe, Antarctica and North America stand to gain additional area for cultivati ...
Global Warming: Forecasts by Scientists versus Scientific Forecasts
... Our concern is with what we refer to as unaided expert judgments. In such cases, experts may have access to empirical studies and other information, but they use their knowledge to make predictions without the aid of well-established forecasting principles. Thus, they could simply use the informatio ...
... Our concern is with what we refer to as unaided expert judgments. In such cases, experts may have access to empirical studies and other information, but they use their knowledge to make predictions without the aid of well-established forecasting principles. Thus, they could simply use the informatio ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... past to find intervals of time in which greenhouse gases, as well as global temperatures, were comparable to what climate models predict will occur by the end of the twenty-first century [2]. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than at an ...
... past to find intervals of time in which greenhouse gases, as well as global temperatures, were comparable to what climate models predict will occur by the end of the twenty-first century [2]. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than at an ...
adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate
... climate regions and its implications for climate adaptation. Using exogenous variation in temperature and data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for co ...
... climate regions and its implications for climate adaptation. Using exogenous variation in temperature and data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for co ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.