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1. Introduction
1. Introduction

... has traditionally been attributed to their different film thickness. While the former lead to sensitive layers of several microns of thickness (thick films), the layer thickness of the latter varies between 20 and 1000 nm. Beyond this classification, there is a fundamental difference in the microstr ...
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Praktikum in Allgemeiner Chemie für Biologen und Pharmazeuten

... solutions) or with a Bunsen burner. Large vessels (beakers, conical flasks) are heated on a support equipped with a fireproof glass plate while test tubes can be exposed directly to the flame. In order to avoid sudden eruptions of liquid during the heating of solutions in large vessels boiling aids ...
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Chemical Equations

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... Hydrochloric acid is found in our stomachs, where it is used to help break down food. It is also used in industry, where it is sometimes called ‘spirit of salts’, to clean bricks and to clean off the coating of oxide on corroded iron or steel before plating the metal with a protective layer of zinc ...
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Information on measuring ammonia in water

... carry out time-consuming and complicated sample preparation. Colored or cloudy samples can also be measured. If the pH value is less than about 7.5, then some alkali must be added before the measurement, to shift the chemical equilibrium of the ammonium ions towards the ammonia state. ...
M.Sc. Part-I Chemistry - North Maharashtra University
M.Sc. Part-I Chemistry - North Maharashtra University

... examinations. For internal assessment of each theory course 3 written test / tutorial will be taken in which best of two will be considered for internal marks. 3. Each theory course to be completed in 60 lectures of 60 min duration each. 4. Practical courses to be conducted during the whole year. Th ...
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redox reaction - Seattle Central College

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Section 2 Types of Chemical Reactions

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Honors Chemistry: Ch. 12 – Stoichiometry Some useful terms

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Biodiversity indices for the assessment of air, water and soil quality

... of environmental stress; the lichens considered for the index calculation are, essentially, the epiphytic ones. Specific indications on the sampling system and survey procedures of the lichen biodiversity are available on the Manual for the application of the index, published by ANPA (ANPA, 2001). A ...
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2015 Dr. Jay L. Wile, All rights reserved.

... c. A drink made by dissolving a powder in water d. A sample of oxygen 2. Classify the following mixtures as heterogeneous or homogeneous: a. A bowl of cereal and milk b. A clump of dirt pulled from a lawn c. A drink made by dissolving a powder in water d. A clear sample of sea water ...
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... an organics rich in C-C and C-N aromatic structures. On Titan, the processed aerosols will be deposited along the time at the surface or at the bottom of lakes/rivers, leaving with them newly formed organic species. ...
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7.1 Describing Reactions

... of atoms on the left side does not equal the number of atoms on the right. The equation is not balanced. In order to show that mass is conserved during a reaction, a chemical equation must be balanced. You can balance a chemical equation by changing the coefficients, the numbers that appear before t ...
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p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - einstein classes

... An alternative test is to make the ester methyl borate B(OCH3)3. The suspected borate sample is mixed with concentrated H2SO4 to form H3BO3, and warmed with methyl alcohol in a small evaporating basin. B(OH)3 + 3CH3OH  B(OCH3)3 + 3H2O The concentrated H2SO4 removes the water formed. The mixture is ...
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Freshwater environmental quality parameters

Freshwater environmental quality parameters are the natural and man-made chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of rivers, lakes and ground-waters, the ways they are measured and the ways that they change. The values or concentrations attributed to such parameters can be used to describe the pollution status of an environment, its biotic status or to predict the likelihood or otherwise of a particular organisms being present. Monitoring of environmental quality parameters is a key activity in managing the environment, restoring polluted environments and anticipating the effects of man-made changes on the environment.
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