Longitudinal Asymmetry of the Jovian Magnetosphere
... the spin axis and the magnetic axis of Jupiter (Figure 1). degree of field distortion observed at a given point in the However, the same 10-hour modulation was subsequentlyre- nonrotating referenceframe. In particular, the distanceto the ported to be a feature of relativisticelectron fluxesobservedi ...
... the spin axis and the magnetic axis of Jupiter (Figure 1). degree of field distortion observed at a given point in the However, the same 10-hour modulation was subsequentlyre- nonrotating referenceframe. In particular, the distanceto the ported to be a feature of relativisticelectron fluxesobservedi ...
Standard Solar Model
... Equation (2) can be inverted to solve for the mean molecular weight for a given region, which allows one to observe the overall change in composition throughout the star. This figure shows the decline in molecular weight with increasing radius. This decline is a product of the thermonuclear reaction ...
... Equation (2) can be inverted to solve for the mean molecular weight for a given region, which allows one to observe the overall change in composition throughout the star. This figure shows the decline in molecular weight with increasing radius. This decline is a product of the thermonuclear reaction ...
Electric Currents – The Key to Magnetic Fields
... causes magnetic fields to move or change strength? For example, in attempts to explain the cause of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), ‘magnetic reconnection’ is usually invoked. But what is magnetic reconnection [2,3]? Usually explanations of magnetic reconnection start off by saying, ...
... causes magnetic fields to move or change strength? For example, in attempts to explain the cause of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), ‘magnetic reconnection’ is usually invoked. But what is magnetic reconnection [2,3]? Usually explanations of magnetic reconnection start off by saying, ...
bution of Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth E
... larger intensity relative to other events through the entire evolution process including the rising phase and the decay phase (see the results, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3, in [3]). Generally, the probability of the SEP events being observed by spacecraft near Earth’s orbit depends on the intensit ...
... larger intensity relative to other events through the entire evolution process including the rising phase and the decay phase (see the results, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3, in [3]). Generally, the probability of the SEP events being observed by spacecraft near Earth’s orbit depends on the intensit ...
CEA - The Sun
... hotter the deeper we go into the Sun, since it is compressed by the mass of the layers which weigh down on it from above, acting rather like a piston. Hence, the closer we get to the core of a star, the higher the pressure and the hotter it becomes: the pressure at the core of the Sun is 200 billion ...
... hotter the deeper we go into the Sun, since it is compressed by the mass of the layers which weigh down on it from above, acting rather like a piston. Hence, the closer we get to the core of a star, the higher the pressure and the hotter it becomes: the pressure at the core of the Sun is 200 billion ...
Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation in spherical geometry
... In our new code, these data gaps are treated by setting W = 0 for these pixels in Eq. (6). For those pixels, for which Hobs was successfully inverted, we allow deviations between the model field B and the input fields either observed Hobs or preprocessed surface field H using Eq. (6), so that the mo ...
... In our new code, these data gaps are treated by setting W = 0 for these pixels in Eq. (6). For those pixels, for which Hobs was successfully inverted, we allow deviations between the model field B and the input fields either observed Hobs or preprocessed surface field H using Eq. (6), so that the mo ...
H-alpha and our Sun
... Many different types of prominence classifications exist, but the one which is the most widespread is based on the length of the life of the prominences. The first class unites the short-lasting prominences. This class is divided into three types: type Ia – loop prominences and coronal rain, type Ib ...
... Many different types of prominence classifications exist, but the one which is the most widespread is based on the length of the life of the prominences. The first class unites the short-lasting prominences. This class is divided into three types: type Ia – loop prominences and coronal rain, type Ib ...
Black Hole`` Systems.`
... A rotating intrinsic magnetic field (shown in pale yellow) anchored to the MECO generates a magnetic propeller, sweeping out a large region (shown in black) of the inner accretion disk. The magnetic propeller also creates radial outflows of atomic nuclei (shown in indigo blue) and relativistic j ...
... A rotating intrinsic magnetic field (shown in pale yellow) anchored to the MECO generates a magnetic propeller, sweeping out a large region (shown in black) of the inner accretion disk. The magnetic propeller also creates radial outflows of atomic nuclei (shown in indigo blue) and relativistic j ...
The Interstellar Medium
... 45,000 and 150,000 years ago and is expected to remain within it for another 10,000 to 20,000 years. The cloud, which is inside the Local Bubble, has a temperature of 7000° K. Its density is about 0.25 atoms per cubic centimeter, is greater than the Local Bubble, and it is much cooler. The cloud is ...
... 45,000 and 150,000 years ago and is expected to remain within it for another 10,000 to 20,000 years. The cloud, which is inside the Local Bubble, has a temperature of 7000° K. Its density is about 0.25 atoms per cubic centimeter, is greater than the Local Bubble, and it is much cooler. The cloud is ...
ppt - Fusion Technology Institute
... Experimental yield of 3.0 MeV protons at 0.8 < Ed < 2.45 keV, normalized to that at Ed = 2.45 keV. The bare cross-section corresponded to Bosch and Halle approximation to Ed 2.45 keV is marked by a solid line. The dashed line is a DDreaction yield =in accordance with a screening potential value Ue ...
... Experimental yield of 3.0 MeV protons at 0.8 < Ed < 2.45 keV, normalized to that at Ed = 2.45 keV. The bare cross-section corresponded to Bosch and Halle approximation to Ed 2.45 keV is marked by a solid line. The dashed line is a DDreaction yield =in accordance with a screening potential value Ue ...
L5 Protoplanetary disks Part I
... to use the structure of the solar system as we observe it now to derive the structure of the disk from which the planets formed. The solar system was formed from a gas cloud which must have had solar composition. The minimum mass of the nebula is found by replenishing the planet’s (observed) composi ...
... to use the structure of the solar system as we observe it now to derive the structure of the disk from which the planets formed. The solar system was formed from a gas cloud which must have had solar composition. The minimum mass of the nebula is found by replenishing the planet’s (observed) composi ...
Lecture 2. Thermal evolution and surface emission of
... prototypes of a different subpopulation of NSs born with low magnetic field (< few 1011 G) and relatively long spin periods (few tenths of a second). These NSs are relatively hot, and probably not very rare. Surprisingly, we do not see objects of this type in our vicinity. In the solar neighbourhood ...
... prototypes of a different subpopulation of NSs born with low magnetic field (< few 1011 G) and relatively long spin periods (few tenths of a second). These NSs are relatively hot, and probably not very rare. Surprisingly, we do not see objects of this type in our vicinity. In the solar neighbourhood ...
TIME-DEPENDENT FORCE-FREE PULSAR
... Generally, we are in agreement with these results, however, intrinsic low dissipation nature of our code allows us to find features that were missing in prior studies. We discretize FFE equations in spherical coordinates on a uniform 1400×181 r −θ grid with an absorbing zone to prevent reflections f ...
... Generally, we are in agreement with these results, however, intrinsic low dissipation nature of our code allows us to find features that were missing in prior studies. We discretize FFE equations in spherical coordinates on a uniform 1400×181 r −θ grid with an absorbing zone to prevent reflections f ...
The Sun Video Focus Questions
... 18. Many solar storms take place in the _________________________. 19. A ___________ eclipse occurs when the __________ travels directly between the _________ and __________ (they all line up). Since it is so much __________ to Earth than the Sun, the moon ________________ the sun for a brief period ...
... 18. Many solar storms take place in the _________________________. 19. A ___________ eclipse occurs when the __________ travels directly between the _________ and __________ (they all line up). Since it is so much __________ to Earth than the Sun, the moon ________________ the sun for a brief period ...
AMPTE: NOTES ON THE INITIAL ... WORK IN PROGRESS _ _ _ _ _... _
... artificially injected plasma and the natural flowing space plasmas; and (c) to establish the composition, charge state, and energy spectrum of the magnetosphere's natural particle populations. The West German spacecraft, the Ion Release Module (lRM), has the job of releasing canisters of barium and ...
... artificially injected plasma and the natural flowing space plasmas; and (c) to establish the composition, charge state, and energy spectrum of the magnetosphere's natural particle populations. The West German spacecraft, the Ion Release Module (lRM), has the job of releasing canisters of barium and ...
Skinner Chapter 3
... 3. The Sun is compositionally layered, with a small rocky core inside the gigantic outer shell of gas. 4. Unlike the Earth and some of the other planets, the Sun has no magnetic field. 5. All telescopes work by gathering and concentrating electromagnetic radiation in the form of visible light. 6. Vi ...
... 3. The Sun is compositionally layered, with a small rocky core inside the gigantic outer shell of gas. 4. Unlike the Earth and some of the other planets, the Sun has no magnetic field. 5. All telescopes work by gathering and concentrating electromagnetic radiation in the form of visible light. 6. Vi ...
ah-quanta-summary notes problems-2015
... emitted by a ‘black body’ when the temperature is increased. When an object is heated it can radiate large amounts of energy as infrared radiation. We can feel this if we place a hand near, but not touching, a hot object. As an object becomes hotter it starts to glow a dull red, followed by bright r ...
... emitted by a ‘black body’ when the temperature is increased. When an object is heated it can radiate large amounts of energy as infrared radiation. We can feel this if we place a hand near, but not touching, a hot object. As an object becomes hotter it starts to glow a dull red, followed by bright r ...
Orbital Instabilities in Triaxial Mass Distributions and
... Circumstellar Disk Lifetime = 3 - 10 Myr Giant Planet Formation Time = 3 - 10 Myr ---------------------------------------------------Terrestrial Planet Formation = 100 Myr Late Heavy Bombardment = 600 Myr Open Cluster Lifetime = 100 - 1000 Myr CONJECTURE: The cluster environment affects planet forma ...
... Circumstellar Disk Lifetime = 3 - 10 Myr Giant Planet Formation Time = 3 - 10 Myr ---------------------------------------------------Terrestrial Planet Formation = 100 Myr Late Heavy Bombardment = 600 Myr Open Cluster Lifetime = 100 - 1000 Myr CONJECTURE: The cluster environment affects planet forma ...
SPACE CHARGE & Jets
... magnet crosses the separatrix (because it is a weakly ionized plasma) and flows into the “empty” magnetosphere through the cusps, which themselves are a quadrupole trap with sufficient trapped density to be observed. The “depth” of the quadrupole trap depends on the electric field, such that a groun ...
... magnet crosses the separatrix (because it is a weakly ionized plasma) and flows into the “empty” magnetosphere through the cusps, which themselves are a quadrupole trap with sufficient trapped density to be observed. The “depth” of the quadrupole trap depends on the electric field, such that a groun ...
The%Sun - Learn@Illinois
... Photons “bounce” their way out of the radiative zone, but they scatter from the dense particles of gas so often that an individual photon may take 1,000,000 years to pass through the zone. On average, it takes about 10 trillion trillion bounces to get out of the radiative zone. The highest level of ...
... Photons “bounce” their way out of the radiative zone, but they scatter from the dense particles of gas so often that an individual photon may take 1,000,000 years to pass through the zone. On average, it takes about 10 trillion trillion bounces to get out of the radiative zone. The highest level of ...
The Solar System
... minor planets and many other exciting objects, planets nasa solar system exploration - we are nasa s planetary science division our hardworking robots explore the planets and more on the wild frontiers of our solar system, our solar system national geographic - learn more about the celestial bodies ...
... minor planets and many other exciting objects, planets nasa solar system exploration - we are nasa s planetary science division our hardworking robots explore the planets and more on the wild frontiers of our solar system, our solar system national geographic - learn more about the celestial bodies ...
Circular Polarization in Magnetized Wind Recombination Lines
... and the “big star” effect in dense winds, like WR, the star simply looks much bigger at line frequencies this is often how lines appear in emission if light escapes the zone where it was born, it escapes the whole wind the line formation is essentially a collision process, if zones are “effectively ...
... and the “big star” effect in dense winds, like WR, the star simply looks much bigger at line frequencies this is often how lines appear in emission if light escapes the zone where it was born, it escapes the whole wind the line formation is essentially a collision process, if zones are “effectively ...
astronomy
... List and explain the kinds of information that can be obtained by analyzing the spectra of astronomical objects. Chapter 16 Summarize the overall properties of the Sun. Explain how energy travels from the solar core, through the interior, and out into space. Name the Sun’s outer layers and describe ...
... List and explain the kinds of information that can be obtained by analyzing the spectra of astronomical objects. Chapter 16 Summarize the overall properties of the Sun. Explain how energy travels from the solar core, through the interior, and out into space. Name the Sun’s outer layers and describe ...
Experimental Evidence for a Reduction in Electron Thermal
... partial differential equation, but, by treating @t@ ðne Te Þ as a known quantity, it becomes an ordinary differential equation and can be solved through a simple matrix inversion. This time derivative of the electron pressure is found to be small except at the sawtooth, where it briefly reaches near ...
... partial differential equation, but, by treating @t@ ðne Te Þ as a known quantity, it becomes an ordinary differential equation and can be solved through a simple matrix inversion. This time derivative of the electron pressure is found to be small except at the sawtooth, where it briefly reaches near ...
Corona
A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the sun and other celestial bodies. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but it is also observable with a coronagraph. The word ""corona"" is a Latin word meaning ""crown"", from the Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnē, “garland, wreath”).The high temperature of the Sun's corona gives it unusual spectral features, which led some in the 19th century to suggest that it contained a previously unknown element, ""coronium"". Instead, these spectral features have since been explained by highly ionized iron (Fe-XIV). Bengt Edlén, following the work of Grotrian (1939), first identified the coronal lines in 1940 (observed since 1869) as transitions from low-lying metastable levels of the ground configuration of highly ionised metals (the green Fe-XIV line at 5303 Å, but also the red line Fe-X at 6374 Å). These high stages of ionisation indicate a plasma temperature in excess of 1,000,000 kelvin, much hotter than the surface of the sun.Light from the corona comes from three primary sources, which are called by different names although all of them share the same volume of space. The K-corona (K for kontinuierlich, ""continuous"" in German) is created by sunlight scattering off free electrons; Doppler broadening of the reflected photospheric absorption lines completely obscures them, giving the spectral appearance of a continuum with no absorption lines. The F-corona (F for Fraunhofer) is created by sunlight bouncing off dust particles, and is observable because its light contains the Fraunhofer absorption lines that are seen in raw sunlight; the F-corona extends to very high elongation angles from the Sun, where it is called the zodiacal light. The E-corona (E for emission) is due to spectral emission lines produced by ions that are present in the coronal plasma; it may be observed in broad or forbidden or hot spectral emission lines and is the main source of information about the corona's composition.