Relativistic electron-positron plasmas
... in a collisionless plasma need to be identified, as the transition between different shock mediation mechanisms can affect the shock acceleration process. 2) Magnetic field generation and survival in shocks. Shocks in gamma ray bursts and supernova remnants are inferred to strongly amplify preexisti ...
... in a collisionless plasma need to be identified, as the transition between different shock mediation mechanisms can affect the shock acceleration process. 2) Magnetic field generation and survival in shocks. Shocks in gamma ray bursts and supernova remnants are inferred to strongly amplify preexisti ...
the chromospheres of classical cepheids. 111. a search for transition
... argued that the regions in which they originate have a minimum extent which ranges from several tenths of a stellar radius to several stellar radii in various stars. This is much larger than the solar chromosphere, but not as extended as the chromospheres of late-type giants. In Paper I we presented ...
... argued that the regions in which they originate have a minimum extent which ranges from several tenths of a stellar radius to several stellar radii in various stars. This is much larger than the solar chromosphere, but not as extended as the chromospheres of late-type giants. In Paper I we presented ...
The influence of negatively charged, heavier
... the crash of a comet on rocky surfaces was all that was needed for seeding planets (and their satellites) with amino acids – the basic building blocks so essential for the development of life. Very recently, it was demonstrated experimentally for the first time in a laboratory that amino acids are i ...
... the crash of a comet on rocky surfaces was all that was needed for seeding planets (and their satellites) with amino acids – the basic building blocks so essential for the development of life. Very recently, it was demonstrated experimentally for the first time in a laboratory that amino acids are i ...
CORONAL EVOLUTION OF THE SUN IN TIME: HIGH
... this picture, the flare rate is responsible both for bringing dense material into the corona and for heating it to high temperatures, analogous to the behavior of individual flares observed on the Sun. A large flare rate in younger stars with a higher magnetic filling factor could thus produce X-ray ...
... this picture, the flare rate is responsible both for bringing dense material into the corona and for heating it to high temperatures, analogous to the behavior of individual flares observed on the Sun. A large flare rate in younger stars with a higher magnetic filling factor could thus produce X-ray ...
Blazar Observations in Infrared and Optical Regions: Magnetic Field
... It is known that blazar radiation consists of several components. In optical region synchrotron radiation produced by the moving of relativistic electrons in the magnetic field of a jet dominates. Magnetic field controls practically all main physical processes in galaxies with active nuclei. This is ...
... It is known that blazar radiation consists of several components. In optical region synchrotron radiation produced by the moving of relativistic electrons in the magnetic field of a jet dominates. Magnetic field controls practically all main physical processes in galaxies with active nuclei. This is ...
Literature: The rotation of the Sun
... could be taken daily for many weeks. From this extraordinary sequence we have selected 12 images that show the move ment of a number of rather large groups. Several individual spots exceed the Earth in size! The photographs were also taken at a time when the Earth crossed the plane of the solar equ ...
... could be taken daily for many weeks. From this extraordinary sequence we have selected 12 images that show the move ment of a number of rather large groups. Several individual spots exceed the Earth in size! The photographs were also taken at a time when the Earth crossed the plane of the solar equ ...
Plasma Astrophysics
... Basic parameters • For ensemble of N particles of mass m and velocity v, average energy per particle is ...
... Basic parameters • For ensemble of N particles of mass m and velocity v, average energy per particle is ...
The Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project Eric Feigelson
... Some (but not all) flare loops are longer than seen in other stars, perhaps extending to the disk ...
... Some (but not all) flare loops are longer than seen in other stars, perhaps extending to the disk ...
Planetary Decadal Study Community White Paper
... and implications for tectonics under high heat flow conditions that may have existed early in the history of other planets 5. Understand Io’s surface processes, including the relationships among volcanism, tectonism, erosion, and depositional processes 6. Understand Io’s surface chemistry, including ...
... and implications for tectonics under high heat flow conditions that may have existed early in the history of other planets 5. Understand Io’s surface processes, including the relationships among volcanism, tectonism, erosion, and depositional processes 6. Understand Io’s surface chemistry, including ...
ASR201017 - UCLA IGPP
... Observations in the magnetotail during substorms have demonstrated the existence of large bundles of magnetic flux and plasma moving tailward that are called plasmoids [Hones et al., 1984]. These were envisioned as magnetic O regions containing magnetic field lines in closed loops. Further observati ...
... Observations in the magnetotail during substorms have demonstrated the existence of large bundles of magnetic flux and plasma moving tailward that are called plasmoids [Hones et al., 1984]. These were envisioned as magnetic O regions containing magnetic field lines in closed loops. Further observati ...
A Study on Midrange Periodicity of Sunspot Number During Solar
... 10.3 years, beginning in 1976 and ending in 1986. The maximum smoothed sunspot number (monthly number of sunspots averaged over a twelve month period) observed during the solar cycle was 164.5, and the minimum was 12.3.There were a total of 273 days with no sunspots during this cycle. Solar cycle 22 ...
... 10.3 years, beginning in 1976 and ending in 1986. The maximum smoothed sunspot number (monthly number of sunspots averaged over a twelve month period) observed during the solar cycle was 164.5, and the minimum was 12.3.There were a total of 273 days with no sunspots during this cycle. Solar cycle 22 ...
The Sun - TeacherWeb
... cell phone communication, as well as electrical power. In 1989, a massive solar explosion knocked out a power grid on Earth, leaving almost seven million people in the United States and Canada without electricity. ...
... cell phone communication, as well as electrical power. In 1989, a massive solar explosion knocked out a power grid on Earth, leaving almost seven million people in the United States and Canada without electricity. ...
Solar flare mechanism based on magnetic arcade reconnection and island... C. Z. Cheng and G. S. Choe
... enhanced thermal emissions from the coronal plasma are detected mostly in the soft X-ray (photon energy <10 keV or 0.1 nm < λ < 2 nm). During the flash phase, which lasts typically about 5 minutes, the intensity and area of the emission rapidly increase. Then, in the main phase, the intensity slowly ...
... enhanced thermal emissions from the coronal plasma are detected mostly in the soft X-ray (photon energy <10 keV or 0.1 nm < λ < 2 nm). During the flash phase, which lasts typically about 5 minutes, the intensity and area of the emission rapidly increase. Then, in the main phase, the intensity slowly ...
pp 99
... Wien's law is very useful for determining the surface temperatures of stars. It is not necessary to know how far away the star is, how large it is, or how much energy it radiates into space. All we need to know is the dominant wavelength of the star's electromagnetic radiation. The other useful form ...
... Wien's law is very useful for determining the surface temperatures of stars. It is not necessary to know how far away the star is, how large it is, or how much energy it radiates into space. All we need to know is the dominant wavelength of the star's electromagnetic radiation. The other useful form ...
Dynamo theory - Harvard University
... History of theory When William Gilbert published de Magnete in 1600, he concluded that the Earth is magnetic and proposed the first theory for the origin of this magnetism: permanent magnetism such as that found in lodestone. In 1919, Joseph Larmor proposed that a dynamo might be generating the fiel ...
... History of theory When William Gilbert published de Magnete in 1600, he concluded that the Earth is magnetic and proposed the first theory for the origin of this magnetism: permanent magnetism such as that found in lodestone. In 1919, Joseph Larmor proposed that a dynamo might be generating the fiel ...
The Properties of Reconnection Current Sheets in GRMHD
... For many systems, the ideal MHD approximation is adequate: astrophysical plasmas are often fully ionized and have extremely low resistivities. However, even in systems where the approximation may globally seem appropriate, there can arise regions that violate the underlying assumptions. One such exa ...
... For many systems, the ideal MHD approximation is adequate: astrophysical plasmas are often fully ionized and have extremely low resistivities. However, even in systems where the approximation may globally seem appropriate, there can arise regions that violate the underlying assumptions. One such exa ...
Mike Zellner
... • Excited ions within the plasma emit spectra which can be collected with a spectrometer • Photons which create the spectra are emitted when and excited electron jumps from a higher energy orbital to an orbital of lower energy w=(Ea - Eb)/hbar • Concerned only with the Lyman a emissions (n=2 to n=1) ...
... • Excited ions within the plasma emit spectra which can be collected with a spectrometer • Photons which create the spectra are emitted when and excited electron jumps from a higher energy orbital to an orbital of lower energy w=(Ea - Eb)/hbar • Concerned only with the Lyman a emissions (n=2 to n=1) ...
Dr Conor Nixon Fall 2006
... released. This is miniscule compared to the mass of the Sun! • Working out the details took several more decades of work… • The Sun is 99% composed of hydrogen and helium, so the source was probably in those materials. • The crucial observation was that a helium atom has a mass just a bit less than ...
... released. This is miniscule compared to the mass of the Sun! • Working out the details took several more decades of work… • The Sun is 99% composed of hydrogen and helium, so the source was probably in those materials. • The crucial observation was that a helium atom has a mass just a bit less than ...
Numerical simulation of the Helicon Double Layer Thruster
... by the net charge distribution, its electric field. In the most general DL structure both free and reflected electrons and ions are required. The electric field acts as a barrier for the reflected particles while the accelerated ones emerge after it as energetic beams. The current is carried by the ...
... by the net charge distribution, its electric field. In the most general DL structure both free and reflected electrons and ions are required. The electric field acts as a barrier for the reflected particles while the accelerated ones emerge after it as energetic beams. The current is carried by the ...
A Planetary Overview - Sierra College Astronomy Home Page
... Farther out, the eddies are larger and the temperatures cooler so large planets can form that are composed of volatile elements (light gases). © Sierra College Astronomy Department ...
... Farther out, the eddies are larger and the temperatures cooler so large planets can form that are composed of volatile elements (light gases). © Sierra College Astronomy Department ...
Particle precipitation influence in the conductivity of the auroral
... from classical equations, by assuming collision frequencies, gyrofrequencies, magnetic field, etc; iv) integrate σP and σH in altitude to determine the respective conductances ΣP and ΣH . However, this physical concept is significantly limited by the practical procedures and assumptions to construct ...
... from classical equations, by assuming collision frequencies, gyrofrequencies, magnetic field, etc; iv) integrate σP and σH in altitude to determine the respective conductances ΣP and ΣH . However, this physical concept is significantly limited by the practical procedures and assumptions to construct ...
Pounds K. - X-ray Astronomy and Cosmology group group
... NASA responded with the launch by the AS&E group of a small spinning satellite, UHURU, in 1970, detecting several hundred sources, including X-ray binaries and galaxy clusters Ariel 5 followed into a similar low equatorial orbit 4 years later ...
... NASA responded with the launch by the AS&E group of a small spinning satellite, UHURU, in 1970, detecting several hundred sources, including X-ray binaries and galaxy clusters Ariel 5 followed into a similar low equatorial orbit 4 years later ...
Formation of the Solar System Section 28.1
... Scientific theories on the origin of the solar system must explain observed facts, such as the shape of the solar system, differences among the planets, and the nature of the oldest planetary surfaces—asteroids, meteorites, and comets. ...
... Scientific theories on the origin of the solar system must explain observed facts, such as the shape of the solar system, differences among the planets, and the nature of the oldest planetary surfaces—asteroids, meteorites, and comets. ...
Warm- up Question Tell me what you know about The Big Bang
... convection currents to slow Less material is raised to the photosphere – cool spots form 3,000C The sunspot cycle is a 11 year period – most form at the equator – last low was 2008 describe how the planets developed ...
... convection currents to slow Less material is raised to the photosphere – cool spots form 3,000C The sunspot cycle is a 11 year period – most form at the equator – last low was 2008 describe how the planets developed ...
Corona
A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the sun and other celestial bodies. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but it is also observable with a coronagraph. The word ""corona"" is a Latin word meaning ""crown"", from the Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnē, “garland, wreath”).The high temperature of the Sun's corona gives it unusual spectral features, which led some in the 19th century to suggest that it contained a previously unknown element, ""coronium"". Instead, these spectral features have since been explained by highly ionized iron (Fe-XIV). Bengt Edlén, following the work of Grotrian (1939), first identified the coronal lines in 1940 (observed since 1869) as transitions from low-lying metastable levels of the ground configuration of highly ionised metals (the green Fe-XIV line at 5303 Å, but also the red line Fe-X at 6374 Å). These high stages of ionisation indicate a plasma temperature in excess of 1,000,000 kelvin, much hotter than the surface of the sun.Light from the corona comes from three primary sources, which are called by different names although all of them share the same volume of space. The K-corona (K for kontinuierlich, ""continuous"" in German) is created by sunlight scattering off free electrons; Doppler broadening of the reflected photospheric absorption lines completely obscures them, giving the spectral appearance of a continuum with no absorption lines. The F-corona (F for Fraunhofer) is created by sunlight bouncing off dust particles, and is observable because its light contains the Fraunhofer absorption lines that are seen in raw sunlight; the F-corona extends to very high elongation angles from the Sun, where it is called the zodiacal light. The E-corona (E for emission) is due to spectral emission lines produced by ions that are present in the coronal plasma; it may be observed in broad or forbidden or hot spectral emission lines and is the main source of information about the corona's composition.