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simple animals
simple animals

... • Sponges consist of a noncellular mesohyl layer between two cell layers • Amoebocytes are found in the mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structure • Most sponges are hermaphrodites: Each individual functions as both male and female • Some sponges produce asexual reproductive bodies called ge ...
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... tube feet attach to the outside of the shell and forces the valves apart once open slightly - everts the cardiac portion of the stomach into the mollusc releases digestive enzymes and partial digestion weakens the bivalves adductor muscles - the sea star then pulls the bivalve open completely • take ...
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... 50. Obelia forms colonies with lots of branches. They have two types of polyps. A feeding polyp called a gastrozooid. It has tentacles used to catch food. ...
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... Before looking at the development of the gut, let's consider the basic terminology of the abdominal viscera. The digestive tract begins at the oral cavity, which opens posteriorly into the pharynx, the common food/air tube leading to both larynx and esophagus. The esophagus passes through the lower ...
Ch 13 day 1
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... The nose, whether “pug” or “ski-jump” in shape, is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system. During breathing, air enters the nose by passing through the nostrils, or nares. The interior of the nose consists of the nasal cavity, divided by a midline nasal septum. The olfactory rece ...
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... reduced) and a carboxylic acid polar group. Different kinds of fatty acids play very important structural (as major component of membrane structures) and functional role. In this part of discussion we will mainly focus of the digestion, transport and catabolism of triglycerides. Although other lipid ...
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... Parasitic flatworms do not have a digestive tract because they rely on their host’s digestive system. Free-living flatworms have a single opening digestive tract that has a PHARYNX (muscular tube) near the mouth that extends out and pumps food into the digestive cavity; In free-living flatworms a h ...
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... and what it must do to come home. Imagine again the failure of the midgut to do what is expected of it, and try to construct in your mind the hideous defects that arise when the midgut misbehaves. Again, think of what has to happen to the mesenteries as the ascending and descending colon become retr ...
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SMU-DDE-Assignments-Scheme of Evaluation PROGRAM Bachelor

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... Epiglottis.- flap that prevents food going into the trachea Peristalsis- muscular movement of esophagus, and small intestine to move and digest food Villi- tiny hairy things in small intestine that absorb the stuff Capillaries.- single-cell thick walls where interstitial fluid diffuses ...
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Human digestive system



In the human digestive system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth (oral cavity). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components which can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The secretion of saliva helps to produce a bolus which can be swallowed to pass down the oesophagus and into the stomach.Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Another digestive enzyme called lingual lipase is secreted by some of the lingual papillae to enter the saliva. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular contractions of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach.Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the oesophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood, in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
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